ELECTRIC WIRING DIAGRAM + DOMESTIC & COMMERCIAL INSTALLATIONS

Q1) Draw the symbol for (S22-2M)

i) Exhaust fan
ii) Intermediate Switch
Ans:
i) Exhaust Fan ii) Intermediate Switch

Q2) State any four IE rules for electrical installation. (W22-4M, S22-2M)
Ans:
Rules for Electrical Installation:
1. Every installation is to be properly protected near the point of entry of supply cables by a
two-pole linked main switch and a fuse unit. In a two wire installation if one pole is
permanently earthed, no fuse, switch or circuit breaker is to be inserted in this pole. A 3- pole
switch and fuse unit is to be used in 3-ph supply.
2. The conductors used are to be such that size of conductor should carry rated current and
partial over load current safely.
3. The conductors installed are to be safe in all respects.
4. Every sub-circuit is to be connected to a distribution fuse board.
5. Every line (phase or positive) is to be protected by a fuse of suitable rating as per
requirements.
6. A switch board is to be installed so that its bottom lies 1.25 to 1.5 meters above the ground
floor.
7. A plugs and socket-outlets are to be of 3-pin type, the appropriate pin of socket being
connected permanently to the earthing system.
8. All incandescent lamps, unless otherwise required, are to be hung at a height of 2.5 meters
above the floor level. And ceiling fans are to be hung 2.75 meters above the floor.
9. Lights and fans may be wired on a common circuit. Each sub-circuit is not to have more
than a total ten points of lights, fans and socket-outlets. The load on each sub-circuit is to be
restricted to 800 watts.
10. No fuse and switch is to be provided in earthed conductor.
11. Every circuit or apparatus is to be provided with a separate means of isolation such as a
switch.
12. All circuit or apparatus requiring attention are to be provided with means of access to it.
13. In any building, light and fan wiring and power wiring are to be kept separate.
14. In 3-Phase, 4-wire installation the load is to be distributed equally on all phases.
15. No additional load is to be connected to an existing installation unless it has been
ascertained that the installation can safely carry the additional load and that the earthing
arrangements are adequate.
16. Lamp holders used in bath rooms are to be constructed or shrouded in insulating materials
and fitted with protective shield and earth continuity conductor is not to be size less than
7/0.915 mm.
17. The metal sheaths or conduits for all wiring and metal coverings of all consuming
apparatus or applications is to be properly earthed in order to avoid danger from electrical
shock due to leakage or failure of insulation.
18. Each sub-circuit is to be protected against excessive current (that may occur either due to
over load or due to failure of insulation) by fuse or automatic circuit breaker.
19. All light conductors are to be insulated or otherwise safe guarded to avoid danger. After
completion of work the installations are to be tested (the test are to be carried out as
described) before energization.
20. Earth Resistance: should be very low for domestic installation it should be equal to or less
than 5 ohms to 8 ohm

Q3) State the purpose of guarding wire used in distribution lines (S22-2M)
Ans:
Purpose of guarding wire used in distribution lines:
Guarding wire is used to protect the personnel, lines or equipment in the event of fault. When
distribution line conductor snaps (brakes down) during abnormal weather conditions such as
heavy rains, storms and lightning, the live conductor touches the guard wire, which is
earthed. Thus snapping of conductor creates earth fault, causing fuse to blow or protective
relay to
operate and disconnect the faulty line from supply. Thus snapped conductor becomes dead
and no harm can occur even if somebody touches such conductor

Q4) State the factors to be considered in selecting the type of wiring. (S22-2M)
Ans:
Factors to be considered in selecting the type of wiring:
1. Cost of wiring
2. Durability
3. Accessibility
4. Appearance
5. Mechanical protection
6. Safety
7. Maintenance cost

Q5) State the General requirement of electrical installation (S22-4M)

General requirements of electrical Installation:
1. Safety (Electrical & Mechanical)
2. Life.
3. Appearance.
4. cost
5. Maintenance & Repairing
6. Future expansion
7. Type of wires, wiring accessories and wiring methods.

Explanation:
1) Electrical installation should be electrically and mechanically safe. All precautions should
be taken.
2) Life of installation should be long.
3) Appearance should be good and decorative.
4) It should be economical
5) Maintenance & repairing should be simple and less.
6) Future expansion can be easily done.
7) For the better requirement the selection of wires, wiring method and wiring accessories
with our economy is also very important
8) Precautions should be taken to prevent leakage of water into installation rooms.
9) Provide proper clearance for cable and Follow minimum wire bending
OR
Following requirements of Electrical installation:-
1. Every installation is to be properly protected near the point of entry of supply cables by a
two-pole linked main switch and a fuse unit. In a two wire installation if one pole is
permanently earthed, no fuse, switch or circuit breaker is to be inserted in this pole. A 3- pole
switch and fuse unit is to be used in 3-ph supply.
2. The conductors used are to be such that size of conductor should carry rated current and
partial over load current safely.
3. The conductors installed are to be safe in all respects.
4. Every sub-circuit is to be connected to a distribution fuse board.
5. Every line (phase or positive) is to be protected by a fuse of suitable rating as per
requirements.
6. A switch board is to be installed so that its bottom lies 1.25 to 1.5 meters above the ground
floor.
7. A plugs and socket-outlets are to be of 3-pin type, the appropriate pin of socket being
connected permanently to the earthing system.
8. All incandescent lamps, unless otherwise required, are to be hung at a height of 2.5 meters
above the floor level. And ceiling fans are to be hung 2.75 meters above the floor.
9. Lights and fans may be wired on a common circuit. Each sub-circuit is not to have more
than a total ten points of lights, fans and socket-outlets. The load on each sub-circuit is to be
restricted to 800 watts.
10. No fuse and switch is to be provided in earthed conductor.
11. Every circuit or apparatus is to be provided with a separate means of isolation such as a
switch.
12. All circuit or apparatus requiring attention are to be provided with means of access to it.
13. In any building, light and fan wiring and power wiring are to be kept separate.

14. In 3-Phase, 4-wire installation the load is to be distributed equally on all phases.
15. No additional load is to be connected to an existing installation unless it has been
ascertained that the installation can safely carry the additional load and that the earthing
arrangements are adequate.
16. Lamp holders used in bath rooms are to be constructed or shrouded in insulating materials
and fitted with protective shield and earth continuity conductor is not to be size less than
7/0.915 mm.
17. The metal sheaths or conduits for all wiring and metal coverings of all consuming
apparatus or applications is to be properly earthed in order to avoid danger from electrical
shock due to leakage or failure of insulation.
18. Each sub-circuit is to be protected against excessive current (that may occur either due to
over load or due to failure of insulation) by fuse or automatic circuit breaker.
19. All light conductors are to be insulated or otherwise safe guarded to avoid danger. After
completion of work the installations are to be tested (the test are to be carried out as
described) before energization.
20. Earth Resistance: should be very low for domestic installation it should be equal to or less
than 5 ohms to 8 ohm
21. Insulation Resistance between conductor : should be very high for domestic installation it
should be equal to or more than 1 mega ohm or it should not be less than = 50Mohm/Number
of outlet.

Q6) Draw the symbol for (W22-2M)

i) Neutral link
ii) 5 Amp socket outlet 3 pin.
Ans:
i) Neutral Link ii) 5 Amp Socket Outlet 3
pin:

Q7) State the classification of electrical drawings. (W22-2M)

Ans:
Classification of Electrical Drawing:
i) Wiring diagram
ii) Schematic diagram
iii) Single line diagram

Q8) List four materials required for service connection.(W22-2M)

Ans:
Materials Required for Service Connection:
1. 2.5 Sqmm, 4 core Armored cable: (Size of cable depends on load & length of cable depends on
service connection)
2. Brick, soft sand for protection of cable.
3. If cable is laid across the public road then Cement pipe, DWC pipe or GI pipe is required for
better protection of cable
4. Cable lug of required size.
5. Cable Gland of required size.
6. Feeder piller or cable box or bus bar and cable end box.
7. GI pipe of required size.
8. Cable bushing
9. 8 SWG G I. Wire.
10. Clamps, saddles etc
11. As such all service connection material like main switch, MCB, Energy meter, Neutral link,
IC cut out, earthing set, nut, screws, and wooden board. etc

Q9) Write any four rules for residential installation. OR General requirements of
residential building (W23-4M)
Ans:
Rules For Residential Installation:
1. Every installation is to be properly protected near the point of entry of supply cables by a two-
pole linked main switch and a fuse unit. In a two wire installation if one pole is permanently
earthed, no fuse, switch or circuit breaker is to be inserted in this pole. A 3- pole switch and fuse
unit is to be used in case of 3-ph supply.
2. The conductors used are to be such that size of conductor should carry rated current and partial
over load current safely.
3. The conductors installed are to be safe in all respects.
4. Every sub-circuit is to be connected to a distribution fuse board.
5. Every line (phase or positive) is to be protected by a fuse of suitable rating as per requirements.
6. A switch board is to be installed so that its bottom lies 1.25 to 1.5 meters above the ground
floor.
7. A plug and socket-outlets are to be of 3-pin type, the appropriate pin of socket being connected
permanently to the earthing system.
8. All incandescent lamps, unless otherwise required, are to be hung at a height of 2.5 meters
above the floor level. And ceiling fans are to be hung 2.75 meters above the floor.
9. Lights and fans may be wired on a common circuit. Each sub-circuit is not to have more than a
total ten points of lights, fans and socket-outlets. The load on each sub-circuit is to be restricted to
800 watts.
10. No fuse and switch is to be provided in earthed conductor.
11. Every circuit or apparatus is to be provided with a separate means of isolation such as a
switch.
12. All circuit or apparatus requiring attention are to be provided with means of access to it.
13. In any building, light and fan wiring and power wiring are to be kept separate.
14. In 3-Phase, 4-wire installation the load is to be distributed equally on all phases.
15. No additional load is to be connected to an existing installation unless it has been ascertained
that the installation can safely carry the additional load and that the earthing arrangements are
adequate.
16. Lamp holders used in bath rooms are to be constructed or shrouded in insulating materials
and fitted with protective shield and earth continuity conductor is not to be size less than 7/0.915
mm.
17. The metal sheaths or conduits for all wiring and metal coverings of all consumer apparatus or
applications is to be properly earthed in order to avoid danger from electrical shock due to
leakage or failure of insulation.
18. Each sub-circuit is to be protected against excessive current (that may occur either due to over
load or due to failure of insulation) by fuse or automatic circuit breaker.
19. All light conductors are to be insulated or otherwise safe guarded to avoid danger. After
completion of work the installations are to be tested (the test are to be carried out as described)
before energization.
20. Earth Resistance: It should be very low for domestic installation and equal to or less than 5
ohm to 8 ohm

Q 10) State the design considerations (any eight) of electrical installation system for
commercial buildings. (W22-4M)
Ans:
Design Considerations of Electrical Installation System for Commercial Buildings
1) Find out the type of load and total electrical load for the given commercial installation.
2) Differentiate this total electrical load in lighting load and power load.
3) Make the no. of lighting sub circuit for lighting load.
No. of Lighting Sub- Circuit = Total Electrical lightning load / 800 W
OR
No. of Lighting Sub- Circuit = Total Electrical lightning load/ 10

4) Make the no. of power sub circuits for power load.

No. of Power Sub- Circuit = Total Electrical Power load/2000W or 3000W
OR
No. of Power Sub- Circuit = Total Electrical Power load/2 or 3 points
5) Find out total power consumption of every lighting and power sub circuits.
6) Find out rated Input current for every lighting and power sub circuit.
P=VI cos P = Input power for every sub circuit
V = voltage = 230 V , I = Input current for every sub circuit
7) Determine the size of wire required for every sub circuit by considering overload, starting
surge and future expansion.
8) Draw the single line diagram.
9) Mark the batten / conduit on plan layout.
10) Find out the total length of batten / conduit required for every sub circuit and whole
commercial installation.
11) Find out the total length and size of wire required for every sub circuit.
12) List out the material required for whole commercial installation.
13) Find out cost of material and labour in estimation chart.
14) Find out the total cost of estimation with profit margin and contingencies charges.
15) Find out per point charges.
16) Draw the circuit diagram.

Q11) A 16m x 8m class room having R.C.C. ceiling at a height of 4m is to be provided with
following electric fittings (W22-6M)

Fluroscent tube 40 W- 9 No.

Ceiling Fans 50W-4 No.s

Plug Points 100W -2 Nos.

Draw single line diagram showing the position of switches and fittings. Prepare the list of
material required for class room wiring
Assumptions:
1. Switch Board at the height of 1.5 m from ground level.
2. Conduit runs at the height of 3.5 m.
3. Main Board (MB) is at the height of 1.75 m
4. Tube T1 at the height of conduit run i.e. 3.5 m. Other all tubes at height of ceiling
5. Plug point present in each Switchboard
 i)
Total Load:
09 Fluorescent tubes each of 40 W =09x40= 360 W
04 Fans each of 50 W = 04x50 = 200 W
02 No. of 5 Amp Sockets = 02 x 100 = 200W
L & F Total=760 W

ii) No. of Sub circuits:

Total no. of L & F points 15 and wattage 760 W
As per no. of points 15/10 = 1.5means 2 sub circuits
As per wattage 760/800 = 0.95 means 1 sub circuits
So for L & F there will be 2 sub circuits

Sub circuit no. and Tube Fan 5A Socket

switch boards
L&F sub circuit no. T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 F1,F2 S1
I-SB1
L&F sub circuit no. T6, T7, T8, T9 F3,F4 S2
II – SB2

iii) Calculation of length of casing capping:

EM to DB = 1m (H)
DB to SB1 = 1.75 (Vup) +4+2(Vdown)=7.75 m
SB1 to (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, F1, F2) = 0.75(H)+0.5 (Vup) +6+3x(1.75x2)+3+2 =
22.75m
SB1 to SB2 = 7.25(H)+2 (Vdown) = 9.25m
SB2 to (T6, T7, T8, T9, F3, F4) = 0.5 (Vup)+ 6+ 3x(1.75x2) = 17m
Total Length of casing capping = 1+7.75+22.75+9.25+17=57.75 58
Consider 10% wastage, Total Length of casing capping = 58+5.8= 63.8 64m
Using thumb rule,
Total length of Phase & neutral wire (1.5 mm2) for lighting sub-circuit,
= 3 times length of casing capping + 10% extra
= 3 (58) + 10% = 174 + 17.4 = m 192 m
Material Required

Sr. No. Particulars Specification Quantity

1 Energy 1 phase 01
Meter

2 MCB 10 A/16 A 01

3 Switch 12 modular 02
Board
4 PVC casing 1"(inch) 65 m
capping

5 Wire 1.5 sq. mm 192m

6 Wire 2.5 sq. mm 2m

7 Switches One way 15

8 Socket 6A 02

9 Fan Dimmer --- 04

10 Ceiling Rose -- 13

11 Junction Box -- 13

12 Nut bolt 25/8 and 35/8 02 box

/screw

13 Grip -- 03 Box

14 Wooden -- 02
board

Q12) Define wiring and schematic diagram (S23-2M)

Ans:
(i) wiring diagram:
A wiring diagram shows the connection of an installation or part of installation. It shows
how the connections are actually made and also gives layout of wiring.
Schematic diagram:
This is an explanatory diagram meant for easy understanding of the operation of an
electrical circuit. It shows by symbols on an installation for the electrical connection

Q13) Sketch an electrical symbols for 5A and 15 A Socket points (S23-2M).

(i)5A Socket (ii)15A Socket

Q14) List out various requirements of electrical installation for residential building.(S23-4M).
1. The conductors used are to be such that size of conductor should carry rated current
and partial over load safely.
2. The conductors installed are to be safe in all respects.
3. Every sub-circuit is to be connected to a distribution fuse board.
4. Every line (phase or positive) is to be protected by a fuse of suitable rating as per
requirements. 5. A switch board is to be installed so that its bottom lies 1.25 to 1.5 meters above the
ground floor.
6. A plug and socket-outlets are to be of 3-pin type, the appropriate pin of socket being
connected permanently to the earthling system.
7. All incandescent lamps, unless otherwise required, are to be hung at a height of 2.5
meters above the floor level. And ceiling fans are to be hung 2.75 meters above the floor.
8. Lights and fans may be wired on a common circuit. Each sub-circuit is not to have
more than a total ten points of lights, fans and socket-outlets. The load on each subcircuit
is to be restricted to 800 watts.
9. No fuse and switch is to be provided in earthed conductor.

Q15) Explain with suitable sketch types of service connections for residential building.
(S23- 4M)

Ans: When it comes to service connections for residential buildings, there are typically three types
of connections:overhead service, underground service, and service lateral

Overhead Service:

In an overhead service connection, the utility lines are installed above ground and
typically run from utility poles to the residential building. This type of connection is
commonly used in areas where the utility infrastructure is installed overhead. The
sketch below illustrates an overhead service connection:

Underground Service:
An underground service connection involves installing utility lines below ground level.
This type of connection is commonly used in urban areas or locations with underground
utility infrastructure. The sketch below represents an underground service connection:

OR

Define service connection; list the types of service connection. Explain any one with
neat labeled diagram. (W24-6M)
The point of commencement of supply of energy to the consumer premices upto his energy
meter board is a service connection which may be single phase 230 V or three phase 400 V.
Types of service connection
A) According to supply
-Single phase 230 V service line.
-Three phase 400 V service connection for power supply.
B) According to method
-overhead service line.
-underground service line.
Overhead service line- overhead service line is an electrical line from the distribution pole
up to consumer premises. from the poles either single phase service line or 3 phase service
line is tapped from the line conductors and neutral conductor and also an earth conductor.
For a normal or load or small load, say for a small house or flat or a small 2-3 storied
building the supplies brought from the pole to premises by overhead over-head connection
service line.
Underground service line - It is the replacement of overhead service line providing electrical
power with underground cables. This line is buried below the ground in trenches
which is covered by brick layer and sand layer. This type of service connection is used in dense
populated areas.( same diagram is applicable)

Q 16) Enlist and calculate material quantity required for service connection of overhead types
for a distance of 7.5 meter between supply service pole to meter board location (S23-4M)
Ans:
To calculate the material quantity required for an overhead service connection with a
distance of 7.5 meters between the supply service pole and the meter board location, we
need to consider the following materials:
Service Drop Cable: This cable connects the supply service pole to the meter board
location. The length required will be the distance between the two points, i.e., 7.5
meters.
Messenger Wire: The messenger wire provides support and stability for the service
drop cable. The length required will also be 7.5 meters.
Pole Bracket: This bracket is used to secure the service drop cable to the supply service pole.
Insulators: Insulators are used to isolate and secure the service drop cable to the messenger wire
and pole bracket.
Service Entrance Conduit: This conduit protects the service drop cable and messenger
wire from environmental factors. The length required will be the distance between the
supply service pole and the meter board location, plus some additional length for bends
and connections.

OR

Two types of overhead service connection are used:

1) By using weather proof PVC Cable:
2) By using bare overhead conductors when the distance is more than 45 meter from
the distribution pole
1)By using weather proof PVC Cable:
1. 4 Sq mm x 2 core PVC insulated cable or insulated wire 70 mtr length : (Size of
cable is depends on load 3 KW. & length of cable is depends on service connection
premises)
2. S shaped G I pipe 50 mm diameter 5 m
3. Earth wire 8 SWG 70 m
4. Meter board 01 Nos.
5. Stay wire 3 m
6. Stay insulator 01 Nos.
7. cement 01 Bag
8. sand 01 Bag
9. Pipe clamp 03 Nos
10. GI pipe 01 No
11. Saddles for pipe fitting Lum sum
12. Screw required for pipe fitting Lum sum
13. Earthing sundry
14. Earthing plate 01 Nos
15. SWG GI Wire
16. Brass nut bolt 02 Nos
17. Miscellaneous
OR
2) By using bare overhead conductors:
1. 2.5 Sqmm x 2 core PVC insulated cable or insulated wire approximately 7.5 mtr
length: (Size of cable is depends on load 3 KW. & length of cable is depends on service
connection premises)
2. 6 Sqmm Bare stranded conductor ( 130 Meter)
3. 8 SWG GI Wire (60 meter) or Earth wire 8 SWG 70 m
4. S shaped G I pipe 50 mm diameter 5 m
5. Meter board 01 Nos.
6. Stay wire 3 m
7. Stay insulator 01 Nos.
8. cement 01 Bag
9. sand 01 Bag
10. Pipe clamp 03 Nos
11. GI pipe 01 No
12. Saddles for pipe fitting Lump sum
13. Screw required for pipe fitting Lump sum
14. Earthing sundry
15. Earthing plate 01 Nos
16. Brass nut bolt 02 Nos
17. LT Shackle insulator 02 Nos
18. Miscellaneous

Q 17) Describe step by step procedure of Estimation and costing of residential installation
with suitable example ( S23 4M)
Following stepwise design procedure for residential electrical installation:-
1) Find out the total electrical load for the given residential installation.
2) Differentiate this total electrical load in lighting load and power load.
3) Make the no. of lighting sub circuit for lighting load.
No of Lighting Sub circuits== Total Electrical lighting load/ 800W
OR
Total No of lighting point= No of Lighting Sub circuits /10
4) Make the no. of power sub circuits for power load.
No of power Sub circuits= Total electrical power load/1000 or 2000 W
5) Find out total power consumption of every lighting and power sub circuits.
6) Find out rated Input current for every lighting and power sub circuit.
P = V1 cos
P = Input power for every sub circuit
V = voltage = 230 V
I = Input current for every sub circuit
7) Determine the size of wire required for every sub circuit by considering overload
starting surge and future expansion.
8) Draw the single line diagram.
9) Mark the batten on plan layout.
10) Find out the total length of batten or (conduit) required for every sub circuit and
whole residential installation.
11) Find out the total length and size of wire required for every sub circuit.
12) List out the material required for whole residential installation.
13) Find out cost of material and labour in estimation chart.
14) Find out the total cost of estimation with profit margin and contingencies charges.
15) Find out per point charges.
16) Draw the circuit diagram.
Example: Any suitable example
Total load = tubes x watt = 4x60 +3x100 =540W
=Fans x watt = 4x60 =240W
=Sockets x watt = 6x60 =360W
i) Total connected lighting load = 540+240+360=1140W or1.14KW ,
ii) Total connected Power load =4x1000=4000W or 4.0 KW
Total load connected =1140 +4000 =5140 or 5.14 KW
iii) Number of lighting sub circuit =1140/800=1.425= 2
No of Power sub circuit = 4000/2000 = 2
Distribution Board: So, 4 number of MCB are required
iv) Total Connected load is 5140 watt, so Number of sub circuit = 4 Nos.
v) Current rating of iron clad main switch = since more current is 23 A.
Current rating Iron clad Main switch = 32 A
vi) Value of current rating of iron clad main switch:
So Use: - 250V, 32A, ISI mark Main switch of any company
Or
Step 1: Gather project information:- Collect all the necessary information about the
residential electrical installation project. This includes architectural plans, electrical
drawings, specifications, and any additional details provided by the client or the project
engineer.
Step 2: Prepare a takeoff:-A takeoff involves identifying and quantifying all the
components required for the electrical installation. This typically includes cables, wires,
conduits, switches, outlets, fixtures, panels, breakers, and other electrical equipment.
Review the drawings and specifications carefully to ensure all elements are considered.
Step 3: Calculate quantities:-Using the information from the takeoff, calculate the
quantities of each material required for the project. Take into account factors such as
the length of cables, the number of outlets or switches needed, and the capacity of
panels required. Make sure to consider any specific requirements or specifications
mentioned in the project documents.
Step 4: Determine labor requirements:-Estimate the labor required for the installation. Break
down the work into different tasks, such as cable pulling, conduit
installation, switch and outlet installation, panel wiring, and so on. Based on the
complexity of each task and the estimated time for completion, determine the number of
workers and the total labor hours required.
Step 5: Obtain material prices:- Contact suppliers or refer to price lists to determine
the cost of each material. Ensure that the prices obtained are up to date and consider
any discounts or special rates that may be applicable. It is also essential to account for
additional expenses like transportation, storage, or taxes if applicable.
Step 6: Calculate material costs:-Multiply the quantities calculated in Step 3 by the
respective material prices obtained in Step 5 to determine the cost of each material. Sum
up the individual material costs to obtain the total material cost for the project.
Step 7: Calculate labor costs :-ultiply the estimated labor hours determined in Step 4
by the labor rate per hour. This will give you the total labor cost for the project. If there
are different labor rates for different tasks or workers, calculate them separately and
then sum up the individual costs.
Step 8: Prepare a detailed estimate:-Compile all the costs calculated in the previous
steps and present them in a detailed estimate document. The estimate should include a
breakdown of material costs, labor costs, overhead expenses, profit margin, and any
other relevant costs.
Consider an example of residential installation consist of following load
4 lamps of 60 W each
6 lamps of 40 W each
4 ceiling fans of 60 W each
6 sockets of 6 A having 100 W each
4 sockets of 16 A having 1000 W each
Ans:
Total lighting load
= (4 × 60) + (6 × 40) + (4 × 60) + (6 × 100) = 1320 W
Total power load
= 4 × 1000 = 4000 W
No. of sub-circuits for Light and Fan and power
No. of lighting sub-circuit =1320/800=1.65
Approx 2 lighting subcircuits
No. of Power sub-circuit =4000/200=2
Since there are 2 lighting sub-circuits and 2 power sub-circuit, we require 4 way
distribution board. It includes main MCB with other 2 MCBs for lighting sub-circuits and
2 more MCBs for power sub-circuits.

Q 18) Explain the design consideration and guidelines for the electrical installation in
commercial building. (S23,W24- 4M)
1) Find out the type of load and total electrical load for the given commercial
2) installation.
3) Differentiate this total electrical load in lighting load and power load.
4) Make the no. of lighting sub circuit for lighting load.
5) No. of Lighting Sub Circuit =Total lighting load/800
6) Make the no. of power sub circuits for power load.
7) No of Power Sub Circuit =Total Power load/3000
8) Find out total power consumption of every lighting and power sub circuits.
9) Find out rated Input current for every lighting and power sub circuit.
10) P=VI cos0 P = Input power for every sub circuit
11) V = voltage = 230 V , I = Input current for every sub circuit
12) Determine the size of wire required for every sub circuit by considering
13) overload, starting surge and future expansion.
14) Draw the single line diagram.
15) Mark the batten / conduit on plan layout.
16) Find out the total length of batten / conduit required for every sub circuit and
17) whole commercial installation.
18) Find out the total length and size of wire required for every sub circuit.
19) List out the material required for whole commercial installation.
20) Find out cost of material and labour in estimation chart.
21) Find out the total cost of estimation with profit margin and contingencies
22) charges.
23) Find out per point charges.
24) Draw the circuit diagram.

Q 19) For a residential building prepare the list of electrical wiring installation material
required along with electrical apparatus used in the residential building.
Ans:
List of Electrical Wiring:- (S23-4M)
● Casing and Capping Wiring.
● Cleat wiring.
● Batten Wiring.
● Conduit Wiring.
● Conceal Wiring
Material required for Residential Installation
1) Electrical cables: You will need electrical cables to carry the electrical current throughout the
house. The most common types used are non-metallic sheathed cable (NM), also known as Romex,
which consists of insulated wires bundled together.
2) Circuit breakers: Circuit breakers protect the electrical circuits from overload or short circuits.
They come in various sizes and ratings to match the specific requirements of each circuit.
3) Outlets and switches: These are used to provide electrical access points and control for lighting,
appliances, and other electrical devices. They come in different types, such as receptacles, light
switches, dimmers, and GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) outlets for areas requiring extra
safety, like bathrooms and kitchens.
4) Junction boxes: Junction boxes are used to house wire connections and protect them from
damage. They also provide a convenient access point for future maintenance or modifications.
5) Conduit and fittings: Conduit is a protective tubing used to encase electrical wires in areas
where they may be exposed or subject to damage. Common types include PVC conduit and metal
conduit. Fittings are used to join and secure conduit sections together.
6) Wire connectors: Wire connectors are used to join or terminate wires. They provide a secure and
insulated connection and come in various types, such as wire nuts, crimp connectors, and terminal
blocks.
7) Electrical tape: Electrical tape is used to insulate and protect wire connections. It helps prevent
accidental contact with live wires and ensures electrical safety.
8) Wire staples and fasteners: These are used to secure electrical cables and conduit to walls,
ceilings, or other surfaces.
9) Wire strippers and cutters: These tools are necessary for removing insulation from wires and
cutting them to the desired length.
10) Screwdrivers, pliers, and wrenches: Basic hand tools are needed for various installation tasks,
such as tightening terminal screws, bending wires, and securing fittings.
Equipment’s Used in Residential Installation
Fan, Tube lights, Refrigerators, washing machine, Electric Heaters, etc

Q20) Draw the symbol for- (W23-2M)

i) Earthing ii)Fuse

Q21) Define the terms with reference to I.S (W23-2M)

i) Circuit diagram: A drawing used to depict the physical arrangement of the wires
and the components they connect is called wiring diagram

ii) Wiring Diagram: Diagram used to guide the execution and checking of internal
and external connections of an installation called as wiring diagram.
It shows the detail electrical connections of an installation.
It also shows how the connections are actually made.

Q22) State the types of service connection (W23-2M)

Following are the types of service connection
1. Overhead service connection
1.1 PVC or Weather proof cable service connection
1.2 Bare conductor service connection
2. Underground service connection

Q 23) Explain the procedure of estimation of electrical wiring of residential

installation with suitable example (W23-4M)
In order to design a domestic (residential) installation, lighting and power sub circuits
aretaken into consideration
A. Lighting circuit- Lighting circuit consists of light and fan points. Therefore, in
order to design a lighting circuit, following principles are used.
1. Each lighting sub circuit should not have more than a total 10 points including
lights, fans and 5 A socket outlets.
2. The load on each lighting sub circuit should not be more than 800 Watts
Therefore, total number of lighting sub circuit is given by
Total lighting sub circuit= Total lighting points / 10
OR
Total lighting sub circuit= Total lighting load / 800
B. Power Circuit- Power circuit consists of refrigerator, geyser and AC. Therefore, in
order to design a power circuit, following principles are used.
1. Each power sub circuit should not have more than a total 2 points of 15 A socket
outlets.
2. The load on each power sub circuit should not be more than 3000 Watts
Therefore, total number of power sub circuit is given by
Total power sub circuit= Total power points / 2
OR
Total power sub circuit= Total power load / 3000
Example for designing of residential unit installation:
A newly constructed residential unit is having following load
i) 3 lamp of 60 W
ii) 2 Ceiling fan of 60 W
iii) 2 Socket of 6 Amp having 200 W
iv) 1 Socket of 16 Amp having 1 kW
Calculate:
1) Total Light load
2) Total Power load
3) Number of sub circuits
Given data:
i) 3 lamp of 60 W
ii) 2 Ceiling fan of 60 W
iii) 2 Socket of 6 Amp having 200 W
iv) 1 Socket of 16 Amp having 1 kW
Assume: Single phase AC supply voltage is 230 V
1) Total Light load
= (3 x 60) + (2 x 60) + (2 x 200)
= 180 + 120 + 400
= 700 W
2) Total Power load
= 1 x 1000
= 1000 W
3) Number of sub circuits
Total connected load = Total light load + Total power load
= 700 + 1000
= 1700 W
Therefore, number of sub circuits required = Total connected load / 800
= 1700 / 800
= 2.125

Q24) A residential unit is newly constructed having following load

i) 7 lamp of 30 W
ii) 5 Ceiling fan of 65 W
iii) 5 Socket of 6 Amp having 200 W
iv) 1 Socket of 16 Amp having 2 kW (W23-4M)
Calculate:
1) Total light load
= (7 x 30) + (5 x 65) + (5 x 200)
= 210 + 325 + 1000
= 1535 W OR 1.535 kW
2) Total power load
= (1 x 2000)
= 2000 W OR 2 kW
3) Size of conductor
Total connected load = Total light load + Total power load
= 1535 + 2000
= 3535 W OR 3.535 kW
Load Current in Ampere = Total connected load / Supply voltage
As, the value of load current is 15.36 Ampere, following rating / size of conductors are
selected.
1. Copper conductor cable of 7/0.737 mm having current carrying capacity of 20 ampere is
selected.
2. Aluminium conductor cable of 1/2.24 mm having current carrying capacity of 20
ampere is selected.
4) Number of sub circuit
Total lighting sub circuit = Total lighting load / 800
= 1535 / 800
= 1.918
=2
Total power sub circuit = Total power load / 3000
= 2000 / 3000
= 0.666
=1
Therefore, Number of sub circuit = lighting sub circuit + power sub circuit
=2+1
=3

Q25) What are the different types of wiring system? State suitable application for
each (W23-4M)
Type of wiring Area of application
 Cleat wiring Temporary work
Wooden batten wiring Small room and small houses
Wooden casing capping wiring Residential building
Pvc casing capping wiring Office and commercial places
Surface conduit wiring Production unit
Underground wiring Production unit and service system
Concealed conduit wiring Office building

Q26) List the material required for overhead service connection (Any eight point)
(W23- W24 ,4M)
1) 2 core PVC insulated cable or insulated wire as per required length
2) S shaped G. I. pipe 50 mm diameter
3) Earth wire 8 SWG
4) Meter board
5) Stay wire
6) Stay insulator
7) cement Bag
8) sand Bag
9) Pipe clamp
10) GI pipe
11) Saddles for pipe fitting
12) Screw required for pipe fitting
13) Earthing sundry
14) Earthing plate
15) Bars nut bolt

Q27) Figure No. 4 shows the plan of a small flat. The flat is to be provided with
electrical connections. The position of light and fan points and switch boards have
been shown in the Figure No. 4. i) Decide the number of sub circuit and show
these in the installation plan. ii) Calculate the size and length of wire required for
wiring installation
iii) Estimate the quantity of material, its cost and labour cost for teak wood
batten wiringsystem.
(W23-6M)
Total load for small flat = No. Of Lamps * watt =04* 60 = 240 W --- (1 Mark)
Fans watt = 01* 60 = 60 W Total load in small flat = Lamps in Watt + Fans in Watt
=240+60 =300 Watt
i)Total load in small flat 240 + 60 = 300 watt -------------------------------- (1 Mark)
Total load in small flat Amps = 300/230 =1.30 Amp Assume p f =1
ii) Total No of sub circuit= 800/300= 0.375 So, 1 Nos lighting sub circuit ----(1
Mark) iii) Size of is decided by starting Current :
It is assumed that starting current is 1.5 times rated input current. Starting current =
1.5 x 1.3 = 2.6 Amp------------------------- (1 Marks) So use, 1.0 Sqmm , 2 core cable
Aluminum , 250V grade should be selected rating of
ICTP switch is 8A, 250V grade should be selected. or 1/18 SWG Copper wire are used.
iv) Calculate the total length of wire: ----------------------------------------------- (1
Marks) Total length of wire = Horizontal Run + Vertical Run +10 % of ( HR +VR)
= (1 m+ 2m+5 m +2m + 2 m + 2 m +1 m ) + ( 3 -1.2 - 0.3 m + 0.3 + 0.3 + 3 -1.2 -0.3)
+ 10 % = 15+ 4.2 + 1.92 Total length of wire = 22 m of 1/18 SWG Copper
Schedule & cost of Material: - (Sample only may very)
Q 28) State the different methods of representation of wiring diagram.(S24-2M)
Different methods of representation of wiring diagram are,
1. Looping out from switch and ceiling rose.
2. Looping out from switch.
3. Looping out from ceiling rose.
4. Looping out from junction box.

Q 29) Draw the Symbol of (S24-2M)

i)ICTP Switch
ii) push button

Q 30) Describe with an example the procedure to calculate number of lighting subcircuit in
residential installation. (S24-4M)
Ans:
Procedure to calculate number of lighting sub circuits: -
Calculate total lighting load of given residential installation.
Make number of lighting sub circuits
i. Number of lighting sub circuits =total number of points/ 10
or
ii. Number of lighting sub circuit = total wattage/ 800

Examples: A house has 1200W load and 10 points.

Number of lighting sub-circuit = total electrical lighting load / 800
=1200/800
=1.5 or 2
Therefore, Number of sub circuit required for above example are 2.
OR

Examples: A house has 7 lamps, 4 fan & 6 sockets load.

4 Marks.
Total load = Lamps x watt =100 x 3+60 x 4= 540 W
=Fans x watt =60 x 4= 240 W
=Sockets x watt =60 x6 =360 W
i) Total connected lighting load in a house =360 +240 + 540 =1140 W or 1.14KW
Nos lighting sub circuit = 1140/800= 1.42
= 2 Lightning sub circuit

Q 31)A Residential installation has the following load. (S24-4M)

i. Four ceiling fan of 70 watt each
ii. Ten lamp of 20 watt each
iii. Four socket of 6 Amp having 100 watt
iv. Two power socket 16 Amp having 2kW each
Calculate:
1) Total lighting load
2) Total power load
3) Size of distribution board
4) Number of sub circuit
Total lighting load= Total load of Fan + Total load of Lamp + Total load of 6 Amp socket
= (4 x 70) + (10 x 20) + (4 x 100)
= 880 watts.
Total Power load = Two 16 Amp socket x 2000
= 4000 watt or 4kW
Number of sub circuit:
Number of lighting sub-circuit = total electrical lighting load / 800
Number of lighting sub-circuit =880/800
= 1.1 = 2
Number of lighting sub-circuit = 2
Number of Subcircuit for power load = 2
Therefore,
Number of sub circuit = Number of lighting sub circuit + Number of sub circuit for power
load
Number of sub circuit = 2 + 2
Number of sub circuit = 4
Size of distribution board: 4-way distribution board, including 2 MCBs for lighting load
and 2 MCBs for power load.

Q32) State the sequence to be followed for preparation of estimate for commercial electrical
Installation (S24-2M)
1)Find out the load for given commercial electrical installation.
2)Differentiate total load into lighting load and power load
3)Make no of lighting sub circuit= total electrical lighting load / 800w
4)Make no of power sub circuit = total electrical power load / 2000w
5) calculate current required for total load
6) from current calculation decide cable size and MCB rating or main switch rating

Q33) Draw the symbol of i) motor ii) fan (W24-2M)

Q 34)A commercial hall of dimensions 12m x 8m is to be fitted with an electric

installation. Estimate the quantity of material required. Assume the height of ceiling to
be 4m. The wiring is running at a height of 3m from the floor. The load in the hall is
10 fluorescent lamps of 40W each, 5 fans of 60 W each and 5 no. of 5 A sockets and 2
no. of 15 A socket outlets.(W24 – 6M)

1) Total Load
a)Lighting & Fan:
10 Fluorescent tubes each of 40 W =10x40= 400W
05 Fans each of 60 W = 05x60 = 300 W
05 No. of 5 Amp Sockets = 05 x 100 = 500W
L & F Total=1200 W
b) Power Load:
02 No. of 15 Amp sockets = 02x1000=2000 W
Total =1200+2000= 3200 W
2) No. of Sub circuits
a) Lighting & Fan Load:
Total no. of L & F points 20 and 1200 wattage W
As per no. of points 20/10 = 2 means 2 sub circuits
As per wattage 1200/800 = 1.5 means 2 sub circuits
So for L & F there will be 2 sub circuits
b) Power Load:
Total no. of power points 02 and wattage 2000 W
As per no. of points 02/02 = 1 sub circuit
As per wattage 2000/3000 = 0.66 means 1 sub circuit
So for power there will be 1 sub circuit
Hence total 02+01= 03 Sub circuits.
Sub circuit wise Load distribution
Sub circuit No. Tube Fan 5 A Socket 15 A
and Socket
Switch boards

L & F sub circuit T1,T2,T3,T4,T5 F1,F2,F3 ----

No. S1,S2
I – SB1,SB2
&SB3
L & F sub circuit T6,T7,T8,T9,T10 F3,F4 S3,S4,S5 ----
No.
II – SB4 & SB5

3)Sizes of wires

Sub circuit No . Wire

Sub circuit nol & F sub circuit No. I, II,III 1/1.40mm, 1.5 mm2aluminium conductor or
Equivalent

Power Sub circuit no. IV 1/1.80mm, 2.5 mm2 Aluminium conductor or

Equivalent
Energy meter-Main switch- 1/2.24mm, 4 mm2 Aluminium conductor or
Main Distribution board equivalent

4)Rating of main switch (MS) and Main distribution board (MDB)

Main Switch (MS)- ICDP, 36 Amp, 250 V
Main distribution board (MDB)- 4 way, 15 Amp per way, 250
Assumptions:
Wiring is casing capping type
Height of EM-MS-MDB from floor- 2 m
Height of switch boards from floor- 1.5 m
1) Calculation of length of casing capping
=1+1.5+1.5+1+5+(3x2)+(1x3)+(3x2)+1+1.5 +4+1.5+1+5+(2x3)+1+1.5
+4+1.5+1+5+(2x3)+(1x3)+1+1.5
=70.5m 71 m + Add 20% extra
= 71 m +14.2 m= 85.2 m Say 85 m
2) Calculation of length of wire for L & F circuit
1)Sub circuit No.I
a) Phase wire for Sub circuit No I:
Switch board 1 controls socket S1, Tubes T5, T4 & T3 and fan F3
Switch board 2 controls socket S2, Tubes T2, T1 and fan F2.
Switch board 3 controls socket S3, fan F1.
=1+1.5+1.5+(1.5x5)+(1x5)+(2x5)+(1x3)+(1x2)+(2x2)+(1x2)+(1x6.5)
+(4x2.5)+(4x2)+(1x2)+(1x3)+(1x3)+(1x2) = 72 m
b) Neutral wire for Sub circuit No I
= 1+1.5+1.5+1+5+(2x6)+(1x3)+1+1.5=28 m
2)Sub circuit No.II
Switch board 4 controls sockets S4 , Tubes T10, T9,T8 and fanF5.
Switch board 5 controls socket S5, Tubes T7,T6 and fan F4.
a) Phase wire for Sub circuit No II
=1+5.5+1.5+(4x1.5)+(4x1)+(4x2)+(1x2)+(2x2)
+(1x2)+(1x4)+(1x2.5)+(2x2.5)+(2x2)+(1x2)
= 51.5 m
b) Neutral wire for Sub circuit No II
=1+1.5+4+1.5+1+5+2.5+6 =22.5 m
Total for L & F circuit
=72+28+51.5+22.5
=174m + add 20% extra
=174 +34.8
=208.8m Say 209 m
3)Calculation of length of wire for power circuit
Phase and neutral
=2 x (1+1.5+4+1.5+4+1.5)
=(2 x 13.5) = 27m add 20 % extra
=27+5.4=32.4 Say 33m
4)Earth wire calculation (14 No. SWG)
=2+1+1.5+1.5+1+5+2.5+4+1.5+5+2.5+4+1.5+5+2.5
=40.5 + add 20% extra
=40.5+8.1 =48.6 Say 49 m
Schedule of material
 Sr. No. Description of the material Quantity Unit
required

1 ICDP, Main switch, 36A, 250V 1 No.

2 2 MDB, 4 way, 15 A per way, 250 1. No

V
3 PVC casing capping 85 m

4 1/1.40mm, 1.5 mm2Aluminium 209 m

conductor or
equivalent

5 1/1.80mm, 2.5 mm2 Aluminium 33 m

conductor or
equivalent

6 1/2.24mm, 4 mm2 Aluminium 1 m

conductor or
Equivalent

7 5 A switch 5 No.

8 5A socket 20 No.

9 15A socket 2 No.

10 15 A switch 2 No.

11 14 No.GI wire for earthing 49 m

12 Ceiling rose 5 No.

13 Miscellaneous items Lumpsum Lumpsum,

Q35) Difference between Industrial and Non-Industrial load (W24-2M or 4M)

Point of Industrial Load Non-Industrial load

comparison
Location In industrial area outside Populated (residential area)
residential area. MIDC area
Safety Industrial safety is observed . General safety is followed
Sub-circuit The lighting sub-circuit are less The lighting sub-circuit are
and power sub-circuit are more more and power sub-circuit
are less
Load capacity High Less
Input Supply Generally 3 phase Generally single phase
Overall cost Much more Medium/less cost
Distribution Bus bar chamber is required Bus bar chamber is not
 required.
Type of Load Power load is more, lighting Lighting load is more,
load is less. power
load is less.
Wiring system Surface conduit for machine Casing capping concealed
and concealed conduit for other wiring.
Protective systems MCCB , circuit breakers, General safety is provided.
emergency siren, firefighting MCB, ELCB, etc.
safety provisions needed for
industries.

.
.