1.

Introduction to UNAFEI
The United Nations Asia and Far East Institute for the Prevention of
Crime and the Treatment of Offenders (UNAFEI) is a specialized
United Nations (UN) institute dedicated to enhancing crime
prevention, criminal justice systems, and the treatment of offenders in
Asia and the Far East.

Founded: 1962

Headquarters: Tokyo, Japan

Affiliation: Operates under the framework of the United Nations

Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme

Main Functions:

Capacity-building for law enforcement officers, prosecutors, and

judges

Promoting international cooperation in criminal justice

Research on organized crime, corruption, terrorism, human

trafficking, cybercrime, and prison reform

UNAFEI plays a crucial role in assisting developing countries,

including Pakistan, in modernizing their criminal justice system,
policing, and legal frameworks.

2. UNAFEI’s Key Objectives

The primary objectives of UNAFEI are:

Crime Prevention & Criminal Justice Reform – Improving laws,

investigation techniques, and judicial procedures.

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Training & Capacity Building – Conducting courses for police,
prosecutors, and judges.

Research & Policy Development – Publishing reports on crime trends

and legal frameworks.

International Cooperation – Strengthening cross-border collaboration

on transnational crimes.

Prison & Rehabilitation Programs – Developing strategies for

offender reintegration into society.

3. UNAFEI’s Collaboration with Pakistan

Pakistan is an active participant in UNAFEI programs, benefiting
from its expertise in law enforcement training, crime prevention
strategies, and legal system reforms. The following are the key areas
of Pakistan’s collaboration with UNAFEI:

A. Training Programs for Pakistani Officials

Officers from Pakistan’s law enforcement agencies (e.g., Federal
Investigation Agency (FIA), National Police Academy (NPA), and
National Accountability Bureau (NAB)) attend UNAFEI training
programs.

Judicial officials (judges, prosecutors) from the Supreme Court, High

Courts, and the Ministry of Law & Justice participate in specialized
courses.

Training covers terrorism, corruption control, cybercrime, human

trafficking, money laundering, and forensic science.

B. Technical Assistance to Pakistan’s Criminal Justice System

Reforming Pakistan’s criminal laws to align with UN standards.

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Developing witness protection laws and improving investigation
methods.

Supporting alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanisms to

reduce court case backlogs.

C. Strengthening Pakistan’s Anti-Corruption Measures

UNAFEI works with NAB (National Accountability Bureau) and the
Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) to combat corruption.

Helps in drafting anti-money laundering laws and financial crime

policies.

D. Support for Prison Reforms & Juvenile Justice

Rehabilitation programs for prisoners, ensuring better reintegration
into society.

Special focus on juvenile justice reforms to protect child offenders’

rights.

4. Key UNAFEI Programs Relevant to Pakistan

1. International Training Courses on Criminal Justice
A three-month program attended by Pakistani police, prosecutors, and
judges.

Covers organized crime, counterterrorism, cybercrime, corruption,

and judicial reforms.

2. UNAFEI Leadership Seminars for Senior Police & Judicial

Officials
Focus: Strengthening leadership roles in policing and judicial
services.

Participants: High-ranking officials from FIA, NAB, and Supreme

Court judges.
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3. Special Programs on Counterterrorism & Cybercrime
Training for Pakistan’s law enforcement agencies in handling terror
financing, cyber threats, and extremist networks.

4. Anti-Corruption and Financial Crime Training

Conducted in collaboration with UNODC and Asian Development
Bank (ADB).

NAB and FIA benefit from financial investigation techniques and

international asset recovery strategies.

5. Juvenile Justice & Rehabilitation Programs

Supports reforms in Pakistan’s juvenile detention centers.

Encourages non-custodial measures for young offenders.

5. Impact of UNAFEI on Pakistan’s Criminal Justice System

A. Strengthened Law Enforcement
Improved investigation techniques for FIA, NAB, and provincial
police departments.

Enhanced international cooperation in tracking criminals across

borders.

B. Reforms in Legal & Judicial System

Helped modernize Pakistan’s criminal laws.

Assisted in drafting witness protection laws and improving court

efficiency.

C. Anti-Corruption & Money Laundering Control

NAB officers now better equipped to track financial crimes and
recover assets.

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D. Prison & Juvenile Justice Reforms
Encouraged rehabilitation and education programs for inmates.

Promoted alternative sentencing for minor offenses.

Introduction to INTERPOL
The International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) is an
intergovernmental organization that facilitates international police
cooperation to combat transnational crimes. Established in 1923,
INTERPOL has 195 member countries, making it the world’s largest
international police organization.

INTERPOL’s Functions
Facilitating International Cooperation:

Acts as a global network linking national police forces.

Ensures that law enforcement agencies worldwide can share

information.

Combating Transnational Crime:

Focuses on crimes such as terrorism, cybercrime, human trafficking,

and drug trafficking.

Assists in investigating financial crimes and money laundering.

Database and Criminal Intelligence Sharing:

Operates 24/7 databases with biometric records, fingerprints, stolen

vehicle reports, and missing persons data.

Issuing Notices:

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Red Notice: For locating and arresting fugitives for extradition.

Blue Notice: To locate individuals for criminal investigation.

Yellow Notice: For missing persons, especially minors.

Capacity Building and Training:

Provides training for police officers to strengthen crime-fighting

capabilities.

Pakistan’s Role in INTERPOL

Pakistan has been a member of INTERPOL since 1952. The National
Central Bureau (NCB) of Pakistan, housed in the Federal
Investigation Agency (FIA), Islamabad, serves as the official liaison
with INTERPOL.

INTERPOL’s Support for Pakistan

Assisting Pakistan in Extradition Cases: Pakistan utilizes
INTERPOL’s Red Notices to track down fugitives abroad.

Counter-Terrorism and Cybercrime: Helps Pakistani agencies combat

cyber fraud, online terrorism financing, and organized crime.

Tracking Missing and Trafficked Persons: INTERPOL’s databases

help track missing persons and human trafficking victims.

Recent INTERPOL Operations in Pakistan

INTERPOL has assisted Pakistan in locating criminals hiding in other
countries.

Pakistan has issued Red Notices for wanted individuals involved in

terrorism and financial crimes.

European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation

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(EUROPOL):

The European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation

(EUROPOL) is the law enforcement agency of the European Union
(EU), established in 1999 and headquartered in The Hague,
Netherlands. It assists EU member states in combating serious
international crimes, terrorism, and cybercrime.

Key Functions of EUROPOL

Criminal Intelligence and Analysis:

Gathers and analyzes intelligence to combat organized crime, drug

trafficking, human smuggling, and terrorism.

Counter-Terrorism Operations:

Assists in preventing terrorist attacks by tracking extremist networks.

Cybercrime Investigation:

Operates the European Cybercrime Centre (EC3) to counter hacking,

fraud, and online terrorism.

Financial Crimes and Money Laundering:

Tracks illicit financial transactions and disrupts money laundering

networks.

Coordination Among EU Member States:

Facilitates cooperation among law enforcement agencies across the

EU.

Pakistan’s Relevance to EUROPOL

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Although Pakistan is not a member of the European Union, it
collaborates with EUROPOL in areas such as:
✅ Counter-Terrorism Cooperation – Sharing intelligence on terror
financing and extremist networks.
✅ Human Trafficking and Smuggling – EUROPOL assists in
monitoring illegal migration routes involving Pakistanis.
✅ Cybersecurity and Financial Crimes – Investigations related to
online fraud, cyberattacks, and money laundering.

Pakistan-EUROPOL Relations and Agreements

In 2018, Pakistan and the EU signed agreements on countering
terrorism and money laundering.

Pakistan works with EUROPOL through INTERPOL to track

criminals fleeing to Europe.

EUROPOL has supported Pakistan’s law enforcement in tackling

narcotics smuggling from South Asia to Europe.

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC):

Introduction to UNODC
The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) was
established in 1997 and is headquartered in Vienna, Austria. It works
globally to combat drug trafficking, organized crime, corruption,
terrorism, and human trafficking.

Key Functions of UNODC

Drug Control and Prevention:

Assists countries in countering illicit drug production, trafficking, and

abuse prevention.

Supports research on drug policy and treatment programs.

Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Reform:

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Strengthens criminal justice institutions to combat transnational
organized crime, corruption, and terrorism.

Provides training to law enforcement agencies.

Anti-Terrorism Initiatives:

Helps countries implement UN counter-terrorism resolutions and

conventions.

Provides expertise in tracking terror financing and cybercrime.

Human Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling:

Assists in implementing the UN Convention against Transnational

Organized Crime (UNTOC).

Runs awareness campaigns and rescue operations for trafficking

victims.

Corruption and Financial Crimes:

Supports the United Nations Convention against Corruption

(UNCAC).

Assists in investigating money laundering and financial fraud.

Pakistan’s Collaboration with UNODC

Pakistan has been working with UNODC since 1989 to address drug
trafficking, terrorism, and organized crime. The UNODC Country
Office in Pakistan (UNODC COPAK) is based in Islamabad.

Key UNODC Programs in Pakistan:

✅ Drug Control and Counter-Narcotics:
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Pakistan is a major transit country for Afghan-origin drugs.

UNODC assists in training Pakistan’s Anti-Narcotics Force (ANF).

Supports border security measures against drug smuggling.

✅ Counter-Terrorism Assistance:

Provides expertise to Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) and Counter

Terrorism Department (CTD).

Helps track terrorist financing and cyber threats.

✅ Human Trafficking and Smuggling of Migrants:

Supports Pakistan’s FIA in investigating human trafficking networks.

Works with Pakistan’s Border Security Agencies to combat illegal

migration.

✅ Judicial and Criminal Justice Reforms:

Works with Pakistan’s judiciary to improve access to justice and fair

trials.

Supports prison reforms and rehabilitation programs.

✅ Anti-Corruption Measures:

Helps National Accountability Bureau (NAB) in fighting corruption.

Assists in improving Pakistan’s financial transparency laws.

Recent UNODC Initiatives in Pakistan

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📌 UNODC launched the Pakistan Country Program (2022-2025)
focusing on:

Strengthening border security against drug smuggling and terrorism.

Enhancing forensic capabilities of Pakistani law enforcement

agencies.

Preventing cybercrime and terrorist financing through financial

intelligence sharing.

📌 Pakistan and UNODC signed agreements to curb narcotics

smuggling along the Afghanistan-Pakistan border.

📌 UNODC supports Pakistan’s judiciary and law enforcement to

combat sexual exploitation and child abuse crimes.

United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund

(UNICEF):
Introduction to UNICEF
The United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund
(UNICEF) was established in 1946 and is headquartered in New
York, USA. It is a UN agency dedicated to promoting children’s
rights, survival, education, health, and protection worldwide.

Key Functions of UNICEF

Child Health and Nutrition:

Supports vaccination campaigns, maternal healthcare, and

malnutrition reduction.

Works to reduce infant and child mortality rates.

Education and Child Development:

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Ensures access to quality education for all children, especially girls.

Supports early childhood education and skill development programs.

Child Protection and Rights:

Works against child labor, child marriage, and child trafficking.

Protects children in conflict zones and disaster-affected areas.

Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH):

Provides clean drinking water and sanitation facilities.

Conducts hygiene awareness campaigns in rural areas.

Emergency and Humanitarian Assistance:

Responds to natural disasters, conflicts, and refugee crises affecting

children.

Pakistan’s Collaboration with UNICEF

UNICEF has been working in Pakistan since 1948, focusing on
education, child health, nutrition, and emergency relief. The UNICEF
Pakistan Office is based in Islamabad with regional offices across the
country.

Key UNICEF Programs in Pakistan:

✅ Polio Eradication & Immunization:

Supports Pakistan’s Polio Eradication Initiative to vaccinate children.

Works with World Health Organization (WHO) and local health

authorities.

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✅ Education for Girls & Underprivileged Children:

Promotes girls’ education in rural and conflict-affected areas.

Runs school enrollment campaigns for out-of-school children.

✅ Malnutrition & Child Health Programs:

Assists in reducing child stunting and malnutrition in Pakistan.

Supports maternal health and newborn care services.

✅ Child Protection Initiatives:

Works to end child labor, child marriage, and child abuse.

Provides legal aid and rehabilitation support for children.

✅ Disaster & Emergency Response:

Provides relief to children affected by floods, earthquakes, and

displacement.

Supports child-friendly spaces and emergency education programs.

Recent UNICEF Initiatives in Pakistan

📌 UNICEF launched the ‘Back to School’ campaign in flood-affected
areas (2023).
📌 Supports Pakistan’s Digital Birth Registration System to ensure
every child has legal identity.
📌 UNICEF is helping combat child stunting and malnutrition in Sindh
and Balochistan.
📌 Pakistan and UNICEF signed agreements to improve maternal and
neonatal healthcare services.

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International Police Association (IPA):
Introduction to IPA
The International Police Association (IPA) is a global, independent
organization that promotes international cooperation among police
officers and law enforcement personnel. It was founded in 1950 in the
United Kingdom and now operates in more than 100 countries. IPA is
not affiliated with any government or political body and focuses on
fostering professional development, cultural exchange, and
international law enforcement cooperation.

Key Functions of IPA

International Cooperation Among Police Officers

Strengthens relationships between law enforcement agencies

worldwide.

Encourages collaboration on crime prevention strategies.

Professional Development and Training

Organizes seminars, training programs, and workshops for police

officers.

Facilitates skill-building initiatives in criminal investigation, counter-

terrorism, cybercrime, and forensic sciences.

Cultural and Social Exchange

Promotes friendships among police officers from different countries.

Provides travel opportunities and hospitality services for law

enforcement members.

Human Rights and Police Ethics

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Encourages ethical policing and respect for human rights.

Advocates for democratic policing principles.

Assistance in Law Enforcement Missions

Supports humanitarian and peacekeeping missions worldwide.

Pakistan’s Membership and Collaboration with IPA

Pakistan is an active member of IPA through its law enforcement
agencies, including the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA), National
Police Bureau (NPB), and provincial police departments.

Role of IPA in Pakistan:

✅ Capacity Building & Training:

Pakistani police officers participate in IPA training programs abroad.

IPA organizes specialized courses on organized crime, cybercrime,

and forensic investigations.

✅ International Police Networking:

Pakistani officers engage in cross-border cooperation for tackling

crimes such as terrorism and drug trafficking.

✅ Exchange Programs:

Officers from Pakistan benefit from study visits and knowledge-

sharing initiatives with international counterparts.

✅ Humanitarian & Welfare Activities:

IPA supports welfare initiatives for law enforcement personnel and

their families in Pakistan.
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Recent IPA Initiatives in Pakistan
📌 Pakistani police officers attended international workshops on
cybercrime and terrorism under IPA programs.
📌 IPA has facilitated international law enforcement collaboration for
Pakistan’s counter-narcotics operations.
📌 Pakistani law enforcement personnel have participated in IPA-
sponsored forensic and digital investigation courses.

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