BILATERAL AND MULTI-LATERAL COOPERATION'S IN COMBATING TRANSNATIONAL

CRIMES

1. EUROPOL

 Short for European Police Office

 A European Union's criminal intelligence agency. It became fully operational on 1 July 1999.
 Headquarters: Hague Netherlands.
 Member states: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Malta,
Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom.
 The Directorate of Europol is appointed by the Council of the European Union (Ministers for
Justice and Affairs).
 Europol Website: https://www.europol.europa.eu/
 Financial supervision over Europol is aided by a committee of auditors drawn from the
membership of the European Court of Auditors and known as the Joint Audit Committee. The
Joint Audit Committee is not technically part of the European Court of Auditors as the Europol
budget is not part of the overall EU budget. This unusual arrangement preserves the
intergovernmental character of Europol.
 The European Court of Justice has minimal jurisdiction over Europol with its remit extending
only to limited interpretation of the Europol Convention.
 The establishment of Europol was agreed to in the 1992 Maastricht Treaty, officially known as
the Treaty on European Union (TEU) that came into effect in November 1993.
 The agency started limited operations on 3 January 1994, as the Europol Drugs Unit (EDU). In
1998 the Europol Convention was ratified by all the member states and came into force in
October. In order to fight international organized crime effectively, Europol cooperates with a
number of third countries and organization. develop its
 The Europol External Strategy defines the framework within which Europol is to activities with
regard to third partners.
 Fully reformed on 1 January 2010. Europol increased powers to collect criminal information and
European Parliament more control over Europol activities and budget.

Functions
 Its Aim is to improve the effectiveness and co-operation between the competent authorities of
the member states primarily by sharing and pooling intelligence to prevent and combatserious
international organized crime.
 Its Mission is to make a significant contribution to the European Union's law enforcement
efforts targeting organized crime.
 NO executive powers. It is a support service for the law enforcement agencies of the EU
member states.
 This means that Europol officials are not entitled to conduct investigations in the member
states or to arrest suspects.
 A multi-disciplinary agency, comprising not only regular police officers but staff members from
the member states' various law enforcement agencies: customs, immigration services, border
and financial police etc.
 Secondly, Europol helps to overcome the language barriers in international police co-operation.
Any law enforcement officer from a member state can address a request to their Europol
National Unit (ENU) in her/his mother tongue and receive the answer back in this language.

Europol tools in providing support

1. Information exchange
1. Intelligence analysis
2. Expertise and training
Three different levels of co-operation
1. Technical cooperation or to provide training
2. Strategic cooperation aimed at exchanging general trends in organized crime and how to fight it
and the exchange of threat assessments.
3. The top level of cooperation includes the exchange of personal data and requires the fulfillment of
Europol's standards in the field of data protection and data security.

 International crime and terrorist groups operate worldwide and make use of the latest
technology. To ensure an effective and coordinated response, Europol needs to be equally
flexible and innovative, and to make sure its methods and tools are up to date.
 That is why we are home to a number of specialised bodies and bespoke systems.
 The bodies are:
 Europol's operational centre, the 24/7 hub for data exchange among Europol, Member
States and third parties;
 the European Cybercrime Centre (EC3), which strengthens the law enforcement
response to cybercrime in the EU and thus help protect European citizens, businesses and
governments from online crime;
 the Joint Cybercrime Action Taskforce (J-CAT), which drives intelligence-led,
coordinated action against key cybercrime threats and top targets by stimulating and
facilitating the joint identification, prioritisation, preparation and initiation of investigations;
 the European Counter Terrorism Centre (ECTC), an operations centre and hub of
expertise that is a central part of the EU's efforts to enhance its response to terror;
 the European Migrant Smuggling Centre (EMSC), which supports Member States in
targeting and dismantling the complex and sophisticated criminal networks involved in
migrant smuggling;
 the Intellectual Property Crime Coordinated Coalition (IPC3), which is central to EU's
efforts to stem the tide of intellectual property crime within and outside the EU.
Europol's specialised systems, which offer fast and secure capabilities for storing, searching, visualising
and linking information, thus comprise a sophisticated crime-fighting toolbox, which include:
 FIU.net, a decentralised and sophisticated computer network supporting the financial
intelligence units (FIUS) in the EU in their fight against money laundering and the financing
of terrorism;
 The Secure Information Exchange Network Application (SIENA), a state-of-the-art
platform that meets the communication needs of EU law enforcement;
 the Europol Platform for Experts (EPE), a secure, collaborative web platform for
specialists working in a variety of law enforcement areas;
 the European Information System, the reference system for offences, the individuals
involved in them, and other related data.

 Europol is a high-security operational centre that operates non-stop: 24 hours a day, seven
days a week.
 Europol officers are always ready to travel at short notice and provide support through our
mobile office. Our presence is also in demand in the fight against illicit drugs, and we have a
fully operational team to help dismantle synthetic drugs laboratories on the spot.
 Since Europol can respond flexibly, we focus on different areas of criminal and terrorist activity
from one year to the next, depending on requirements. Our main priorities, however, tend to
remain relatively stable, reflecting those of international criminal and terrorist groups. Over the
years we have built up substantial experience in fighting drug trafficking, illicit immigration
networks and trafficking in human beings, illicit vehicle trafficking, cybercrime, money
laundering and currency forgery. Europol is the central European office for combatting euro
counterfeiting.
  Europol enjoys excellent cooperative arrangements with law enforcement partners in Europe
and beyond. It also values its accountability arrangements which are among the most robust
and transparent in the world.
 We welcome public interest in our work and trust that this website offers the reader a good
illustration of our activities, the responsible way in which they are carried out, and the impact
they are having on making Europe safer

Organizational structure
Europol is headed by an Executive Director, who is Europol's legal representative and is
appointed by the Council of the European Union. Europol's current Executive Director is Catherine De
Bolle, who assumed the post in May 2018.

She is assisted by three Deputy Executive Directors:

 Wil van Gemert, Operations Directorate
 Jürgen Ebner, Governance Directorate
 Luis de Eusebio Ramos, Capabilities Directorate
Europol staff members come from a wide variety of backgrounds and nations.
On 1 January 2010 Europol became a full EU agency. On 1 May 2017, Europol became officially
the European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation, after its new Regulation entered into
force.
The new regulation was adopted on 11 May 2016, when the European Parliament voted on
updated powers to enable Europol to step up efforts to fight terrorism, cybercrime and other serious
and organised forms of crime. The new regulation strengthens Europol's role in supporting cooperation
among law enforcement authorities in the EU. Reference: Europol website
2. ASEANAPOL
 Stands for Association of South East Asian National Police or National Police Forces of
the ASEAN Region.
 Formed in 1980 to initiate regional police cooperation. Delegates meet annually to discuss
crime-related issues.
 Headquarters: Level 1, Tower 2, Royal Malaysian Police Headquarters, Bukit Aman 50560
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
 Member Countries: Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos,
Myanmar, Brunei, Cambodia. Federation of Russia as observer.
 Executive Director: Lt General Sar Moline
 Official website: https//www.aseanapol.org/about-aseanapol
 The ASEANAPOL deals with the preventive, enforcement and operational aspects of
cooperation against transnational crime.
  Has been actively involved in sharing of knowledge and expertise on policing, enforcement,
law, criminal justice and transnational and international crimes. It has established three ad-hoc
commissions dealing with drug trafficking, arms smuggling, counterfeiting, economic and
financial crimes, credit card fraud, extradition and arrangements for handing over of criminal
offenders and fugitives. It has also taken initiatives to combat new forms of transnational
crime, such as fraudulent travel documents, phantom ship frauds, product counterfeiting and
piracy.

VISION
" TOGETHER WE KEEP THIS REGION SAFE"
 In essence embodies our reason for existence and asporation to enhance cooperation in the
realm of regional policing towards ensuring the safety of the region.

MISSION
"PREVENTING AND COMBATING TRANSNATIONAL CRIME THROUGH A GREATER NEXUS AND
CREATIVE POLICING COLLABORATION"
 To mutually contribute and synergize policing resources and expertise to effectively thwart
organised and emerging international criminal enterprises for a safer ASEAN Community.

OBJECTIVE OF ASEANAPOL
 Enhance police professionalism
 Forge stronger regional cooperation in policing
 Promote lasting friendship amongst police officers of member countries

OBJECTIVES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE SECRETARIAT of ASEANAPOL

OBJECTIVES
 Ensure the effective implementation of all resolutions adopted at the ASEANAPOL Conferences;
 Serve as a coordination and communication mechanism to allow members to establish and to
maintain all channels of interaction amongst members;
 Foster mutual assistance and cooperation amongst members; and
 Endeavour to increase regional cooperation efforts against transnational crime.

FUNCTIONS
 Prepare and implement work plans for effective implementation of all the resolutions adopted
in the annual Joint Communiqués signed at the ASEANAPOL Conferences;
 Facilitate and coordinate cross-border cooperation on intelligence and information sharing and
exchange;
 Facilitate and coordinate joint operations and activities involving criminal investigations, the
building and maintenance of the ASEANAPOL database, training, capacity building, the
development of scientific investigative tools, technical support and forensic science;
 Provide support and necessary assistance in organising the ASEANAPOL Conferences;
 Submit on a quarterly basis to the Chiefs of ASEAN Police Forces proposals on all planned
programmed and activities to be carried out;
 Prepare an annual report on its activities and expenditure to be presented to the Conference,
and ASEANAPOL Executive Committee immediately before the ASEANAPOL distributed to all
members and to the ASEANAPOL Conference; and;
 Act as a custodian of all documents and records of ASEANAPOL

ASEANAPOL PERMANENT SECRETARIAT

History
 The Secretariat of ASEANAPOL was on a rotational basis with member countries taking turns to
host the ASEANAPOL Conference and automatically assume the role of the secretariat for the current
year.
The 25th Joint Communique signed by the ASEAN Chiefs of Police during the 25th ASEANAPOL
Conference held in Bali, Indonesia, expressly stated the need to establish a Permanent ASEANAPOL
Secretariat.
Objectives of the establishment of a Permanent Secretariat
 To harmonize and standardize coordination and communication mechanisms amongst ASEAN
police institutions;
 To conduct a comprehensive and integrative study concerning the resolutions agreed in the
ASEANAPOL Joint Communiqués
 To establish a mechanism with responsibility to monitor and follow up the implementation of
resolutions in the Joint Communiqués; and
 To transform the resolutions adopted in the Joint Communiqués into ASEANAPOL Plan of Action
and its work program

The working group which was set up to consider the viability of the permanent ASEANAPOL Secretariat
finalized that:
1. The Secretariat shall be administrated based on the Terms of Reference;
2. The Head of the Secretariat is an Executive Director and he is assisted by 2 Directors
The tenure of services are:
Executive Director - 2 years
Directors - 2 to 3 years

 During the 29th ASEANAPOL Conference in Hanoi, Vietnam in 2009, the Terms of Reference
on the establishment of ASEANAPOL Secretariat was endorsed. Kuala Lumpur was made the
permanent seat for the Secretariat.
 The ASEANAPOL Secretariat was fully operational from the 1st January 2010.

GOVERNANCE
 ASEANAPOL CONFERENCE
 The Conference shall be held annually on a rotational basis amongst member countries.
 Conference will be attended by the Chiefs of Police.
ASEANAPOL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
The Executive Committee shall comprise of Deputy Heads of delegation attending the annual
Conference.
The Executive Committee shall meet annually, immediately before the Conference.
 The Executive Director of the ASEANAPOL Secretariat shall present a report of its activities,
including amongst others, issues on financial performance, procurement of works, supplies and
services and control and management of contracts, to the Executive Committee.
 The Executive Committee shall provide a summary report of the activities of the Secretariat to
the Heads of Delegation at the Conference and at the Closing Plenary Session of the
Conference.
ASEANAPOL SECRETARIAT DIRECTORS
 The Executive Director of the Secretariat shall be appointed by the ASEANAPOL Conference
upon nomination on a rotational basis in alphabetical order for a term of two years. The
Executive Director of the Secretariat shall be a Senior Police Officer of the rank of Brigadier
General and above or its equivalent. The Executive Director will be assisted by Director for
Police Services and Director for Plans and Programmes shall be a Senior Police Officer of the
rank of Colonel and above or its equivalent. Reference: ASEANAPOL website

CHRONOLOGY
YEAR DETAILS
1981- Manila  The first formal meeting of The Chiefs of ASEAN Police
 Attended by 5 original member countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines,
Singapore, and Thailand)
1983 - Jakarta  Endorsement of the model & design of ASEANAPOL logo
1984 - Kulala  Royal Brunei Police become a member and joied the annual conference
Lumpur
1996 - Kulala  Vietnam joined ASEANAPOL
Lumpur
1998 - Brunei  Laos and Myanmer joined ASEANAPOL
2000 - Yangon
2005 - Bali  The setting up of working group to consider the viability of establishing a
permanent ASEANAPOL Secretariat
 Silver Julibee Commemoration of ASEANAPOL
2008 - Brunei  ASEANAPOL Secretariat was unanimously agreed to be based in Kulala Lumpur,
Malaysia
2009 - Hanoi  Adoption of Terms of Reference (TOR)
2010  On 1st January 2010 ASEANAPOL Secretariat began in operation
 Logogramme
created & endorsed during the 3rd ASEANAPOL Conference, 16-19th November 1983 In
Jakarta, Indonesia.
(Originally with the 5 steps at the bottom of the pillar representing the then 5 member
countries)

OBSERVERS of ASEANAPOL
1. FIJI POLICE FORCE
2. NATIONAL POLICE OF TIMOR LESTE
3. INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHIEFS OF POLICE (IACP)
4. INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS (ICRC)
5. FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION (FBI)
6. GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL POLICE (GCCPOL)
7. ROYAL CANADIAN MOUNTED POLICE (RCMP)
8. FRENCH MINISTRY OF INTERIOR

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHIEFS OF POLICE (IACP)

 Was founded in Chicago in 1893 as the National Chiefs of Police Union.
 The primary goal of this organization was to apprehend and return criminals who had fled the
agency jurisdictions in which they were wanted. The organization has expanded over the years
with the goals of advancing the science and art of police work, promoting improved practices
throughout the law enforcement community and foster cooperation and information exchange
among police administrators.
 The IACP is the world's oldest and largest nonprofit membership organization of police
executives, with over 20,000 members in over 89 different countries.

MISSION
IACP's stated mission includes:
 Advance the science and art of police services;
 Develop and disseminate improved administrative, technical and operational practices and
promote their use in police work;
 Foster police cooperation and the exchange of information and experience among police
administrators throughout the world;
  Bring about recruitment and training in the police profession of qualified persons • Encourage
adherence of all police officers to high professional standards of performance and conduct.
Activities
 The IACP helped to develop and/or promote many tools currently used by law enforcement
agencies. These tools include the use of fingerprints, Uniform Crime Reports and the Federal
Bureau of Investigation's National Academy for state and local police.
 The United Nations granted a Consultative Status to the IACP in the 1970s due to the IACPs
work in several UN member nations. Also in the 1970s, the IACP developed a national bomb
data center and turned this over to the FBI.
 Along with other activities, the IACP publishes Police Chief Magazine.

IACP Executive Board

There are eight elective positions on the IACP Executive Board. These are:

 President (1 year term)

 1st Vice President (1 year term)
 2nd Vice President (1 year term)
 3rd Vice President (1 year term)
 4th Vice President (1 year term)
 Vice President at Large #1 (3 year term)
 Vice President at Large #2 (3 year term)
 Vice President-Treasurer (3 year term)

Elections are held each year at the IACP Annual Conference. The conduct of IACP elections is governed
by the IACP Constitution and Rules and overseen by the IACP Elections Commission.

4. UNITED NATIONS
 It was formerly known as League of Nations An intergovernmental organization created in
1945 to promote world peace, economic and social development, and other forms of
international cooperation.
 Members: 193 countries as of 2011, 2 observer (Vatican City and State of Palestine)
 Headquarters: International territory, New York City
 Official languages: Spanish, Arabic, French,
 English, Russian, Chinese (SAFER-C)
 First Filipino President of UN: Carlos P Romulo 1949-1950
 Has SIX PRINCIPLE ORGANS AS FOLLOWS:
 General Assembly
 Main deliberative assembly.
 President: H.E. Peter Thomson
 H.E. Mr. Volkan Bozkir will preside over the 75th session of the General Assembly
which opens on Tuesday, 15 September 2020.
 Security Council
 Deciding certain resolutions for peace and security
 The Security Council has primary responsibility for the maintenance of
international peace and security. President: Liu Jieyi of China
 Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
 Promoting international economic and social cooperation and development;
 His Excellency Munir Akram was elected seventy-sixth President of the Economic
and Social Council on 23 July 2020
  Secretariat
 Providing studies, information and facilities needed by the UN.
 Current Secretary-General: Mr. António Guterres of Portugal

 International Court of Justice

 Primary judicial organ which is commonly referred to as World Court
 Based: Peace Palace, Hague Netherlands
 Composed of 15 judges who serve 9-year terms and are appointed by the General
Assembly; every sitting judge must be from a different nation. b. United Nations
Trusteeship Council (inactive since 1994).
 In September 2013, the UN had peacekeeping soldiers deployed on 15 missions. The largest
was the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the
Congo (MONUSCO), which included 20,388 uniformed personnel. The smallest, United Nations
Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) included 42 uniformed personnel
responsible for monitoring the ceasefire in Jammu and Kashmir. UN peacekeepers with the
United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) have been stationed in the Middle East
since 1948, the longest-running active peacekeeping mission.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

1.1 For the purpose of this Policy Framework and Guidelines, the term "peace operations" collectively
refers to peacemaking, peacekeeping, peace-enforcement and peace-building. Likewise, it includes
all humanitarian assistance operations that may be undertaken not just in the course of conflict or
advent of war, but also all events that need to be addressed for the alleviation of human suffering,
particularly in the context of the UN MDGs. The definitions below, serve as general descriptions
rather than technical meaning of the terms defined:

1.1.1 Peacemaking - refers to those which encompass the diplomatic initiatives conducted after the
commencement of a conflict aimed at establishing a ceasefire or a rapid peaceful settlement
such as the use of good offices, such as that of the Secretary General, conciliation, mediation,
diplomatic pressure and sanctions.
1.1.2 Peacekeeping - refers to UN presence in the field (normally involving military and civilian
personnel) with the consent of the parties, to implement or monitor the implementation of
arrangements relating to the control of conflicts and their resolution or to ensure the safe
delivery of humanitarian relief.
1.1.3 Peace-enforcement-refers to those that may be needed when all other efforts fail. It includes
the use of armed force to maintain or restore international or regional peace and security in
situations which the Security Council has determined the existence of a threat to peace, a
breach or an act of aggression.
1.1.4 Peace-building refers to activities addressing the special needs of countries emerging from
conflicts towards recovery, reintegration and reconstruction and the provision of assistance for
laying the foundation of sustainable development.

III. SCOPE OF PHILIPPINE INVOLVEMENT

3.1 The Philippines supports the role of the United Nations in resolving conflicts under Chapter VI and
VII of its charter for humanitarian assistance under UN General Assembly Resolution 49/139-
B(1994).
3.2 Philippine participation in UN peace operations should be decided by taking into consideration the
following factors: national defense and security capabilities; the domestic peace and order
situation; and ultimately, national interest and national goals. While decisions will be on a case-to-
case basis, deciding on the merits of participation in each UN peace operation will have to be
based on the application of the same general principles and parameters
3.3 The Philippines, consistent with its national policies and to further strengthen its capability, shall
seriously consider its participation in UN peace operations if requested to do so by the UN. UN
peace operations are being, or maybe conducted in South Asia and other areas of the Asia-Pacific
Region shall be given the highest priority in considering Philippine participation.
3.4 The safety, immunity and security of Philippine personnel assigned to UN peace operations are of a
paramount importance, Philippine personnel assigned to UN peace operations, shall be subject to
the following conditions and requirements:
3.4.1 Authority from the UN Security Council;
3.4.2 A clear and achievable mandate;
3.4.3 A determinable, if not, definite time frame and exit strategy;
3.4.4 Consent of the Receiving State to the UN operation.

3.5 The Philippines recognizes the importance of peace-building activities in the rebuilding of states,
communities and societies. It may choose to participate in peace-building activities through the
deployment of relevant Philippine personnel in whatever form of assistance-either military or
civilian or a combination of both- including, but not limited to, engineering. health, education,
social development, governance, transportation, telecommunications and other relevant disciplines
that will enhance the development of the mission area.

National Council for United Nations Peace Operations

a. Unless otherwise provided, the President of the Republic of the Philippines, upon
recommendation of the National Council for Nations Peace Operations, hereto referred as
"Council", shall have the sole prerogative to decide on Philippine participation in any UN
operation. The Council shall be composed of the Secretary of the Interior and Local
Government as members. Membership to the council bay me expanded as the need arises.
b. The Council shall policy directions for and oversees Philippine participation in UN peace
operations. It shall periodically review the police Framework and Guidelines on Philippine
Participation in United Nations Peace Operations that governs all decisions regarding Philippine
participation in UN peace operations update if necessary, taking into account the constantly
evolving nature of this operations.
c. The council shall ensure that the Philippines shall make use of UN reimbursements for
contingent-owned equipment and payment for troop development to improve the capability of
the AFP and the PNP for peace operations. The council shall ensure the UN reimbursements
and payments for Philippine participation in peace operations are effectively managed and
utilized to achieve this end.
d. The council s hall oversee the commemoration of the International Day of UN Peacekeepers on
the 29th day of May each year, including the presentation of the Gawad Diosdado Macapagal
and other appropriate awards to military, police and civilian personnel for their outstanding to
Philippine peace operations efforts.
e. The council shall be assisted by the executive Committee (Execom) composed of the Assistant
Secretary of the office of the United Nations and other International Organizations of the DFA,
the Assistant Secretary for Strategic Assessment of the DND, and the Chief of Staff of the
Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP), represented by the Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans (J-5),
and the Chief of the Philippine National Police (PNP), represented by the Director for Plans
(TDPL). Representatives of other agencies may be included as the need arises.
f. The Execom shall study and recommend measures relative to the formulation, review and
implementation of substantive and administrative policies dealing with UN peace operations.
g. The Council and the Execom shall be supported by Secretariat based at the Department of
Foreign Affairs that shall be headed by a Secretary General in the person of the Assistant
secretary for United Nations and other International Organizations (UNIO). The Secretary
General shall be assisted by Career officer from the DFA who shall serve as Executive Director
of the Secretariat. The Commanding Officer of the Peacekeeping Operations Center of the PNP
shall both serve as Deputy Secretary General of the Secretariat.
h. The Secretariat, with supervision by the Execom, shall serve as the focal point for Philippine
participation in UN peace operations. The Secretariat shall oversee all actions related to
Philippine participation in UN peace operations with the DFA, DND, AFP, PNP and other
concerned agencies of the government.
i. The Secretariat shall have its own personnel component to be made up of detailed of officers
and staff from the DFA, AFP and PNP preferably with experience in UN peace operations, and
other personnel it will hire to support its requirements. It shall be provided with appropriate
 financial and logistical support to source from pertinent provisions in the General
Appropriations Act.
j. The Council shall validate the AFP and PNP-formulated standard scale of incentives for
uniformed and non-uniformed personnel who will be deployed in formed units for UN peace
operations and compensated directly by the Philippine government. The Council shall also look
into the formulation of standard scale of contributions for uniformed and non-uniformed
personnel who will be deployed individually to support UN mission requirements, including
those on secondment to the UN.

PRE-EDPLOYMENT, DEPLOYMENT, RREPATRIATION AND EXIT POLICY

5.1 The deployment of Philippine personnel in UN peace operations shall be governed by:
 Duration of the mandate as specified in the UN resolution authorizing the peace operation;
 Availability of Philippine personnel, including troops, civilian police, humanitarian workers and
other personnel equipment
 Safety and security considerations for Philippine personnel; and
 Strict adherence to the Memorandum of Understanding between the Philippines and the United
Nations.

5.2 In recruitment, selection and assignment of personnel who shall participate in UN peace operations,
due consideration shall be given to their ability to cooperate with other international contingents
and the local populations, necessary skills and training, gender sensitivity and psychological
stability.

5.3 The considerations for recruitment, selection and assignment of uniformed personnel, including
women, shall be prescribed by the Council upon recommendation of the concerned agencies. Other
non-uniformed personnel projected for deployment shall likewise be subjected to the preceding
considerations.

5.4. To ensure the timely submission of nomination requirements, a database of qualified uniformed
and non-uniformed personnel for deployment to UN peace operations and for secondment to the
UN Secretariat shall be submitted by the concerned agencies to the Secretariat.
5.5. Peacemaking, peacekeeping, peace enforcement and peace building operations shall be included
in the curricula and training courses of the Foreign Service Institute (FSI), and the concerned AFP
and PNP training institutions, among others, in order to enhance the capacity of the country in
contributing personnel with the appropriate technical expertise and other resources for UN
operations.

5.6. Pre-deployment briefing for Philippine personnel, in the Standardized Generic Training Modules and
the Core Pre-deployment training Module of the UN shall be undertaken by these government
institutions. Training materials shall be obtained from the UN and other appropriate sources.

5.7. The deployment of Philippine personnel to UN peace operations shall primarily be conducted
through the assistance of the UN Secretariat either through s "Letter of Assist" or a pre-arranged
chartered or commercial land, sea or air transportation.

5.8. If advanced deployment is unavoidable before UN assistance becomes available, the concerned
agency shall initially cover the expenses for such deployment. If necessary, funds shall be sourced
from the Presidential Contingency Fund. The DFA shall ensure that the UN Secretariat immediately
reimburses the expenses of the government agency concerned.

5.9. The non-uniformed personnel deployed in support of UN peace operations may be drawn from
other government agencies, appropriate humanitarian non-governmental organizations and
interested individuals processing skills, experiences and resources relevant to and which will
further enhance the peace operations. The Philippines exercises the right to observe its own
 rotation policy, especially with regard to uniformed personnel without prejudice to the possibility of
seeking reimbursement from the UN for the deployment and/or repatriation of said personnel.

5.10. The Philippines shall see to it that all qualified personnel from the AFP, PNP and other agencies of
the government are given the opportunity to serve in UN field missions and at the UN Secretariat.

5.11. The Philippines may consider UN requests for the extension of personnel serving in UN field
missions and in the UN Secretariat whose repatriation may hamper, delay or prejudice the
accomplishment or conclusion of activities or projects undertaken by the UN. Such extension shall
be subject to the recommendation of the DFA, through the Philippine Mission to the United Nations,
the endorsement by the Execom and the approval of the council.

5.12. Any or all of the following conditions must be met before the decision to withdraw Philippine
personnel from UN peace operation is made:
 Where the safety and security of Philippine personnel are placed at serious risk as a result
of sudden shift in the situation on the ground characterized by, among others, a precarious
state of law and order or unabated violence that require string security measures.
 Where the consent of the Receiving State for the presence of Philippine and other UN
personnel has been withdrawn.
 Where domestic security concerns require the presence of AFP and PNP personnel back in
the Philippines.
Such a determination shall be made by the President of the Republic of the Philippines upon the
recommendation of the Council.

VI. MEASURES TO ENHANCE PHILIPPINE PARTICIPATION IN UN PEACE OPEARTIONS

a. The AFP and the PNP shall ensure that personnel assigned to UN peace operations are trained,
prepared, equipped and motivated to properly and effectively carry out their tasks in accordance
with the highest standard of personal and professional conduct and safety and security.

b. The Philippines shall continue to support and promote relevant activities in the UN system in order
to enhance the conduct or UN peace operations in all its aspects. Philippine peace operations shall
closely adhere to the UN Standard Arrangement System (UNSAS).

c. The personnel shall adhere to the highest standard or personal and professional conduct while
taking part in UN peace operations. The Philippines shall observe a zero-tolerance policy when it
comes to misconduct, especially sexual exploitation and abuse, committed by Philippine personnel
in UN mission areas. The Council shall ensure that the concerned agency takes appropriate and
immediate action against erring personnel and that the government shall inform the UN on the
actions of these cases.

d. To further improve its capability to support UN peace operations aboard, the Philippines through
the DFA and its various Foreign Service Posts aboard, shall actively seek partnership with
developed troop contributing countries for possible cooperation in UN peace operations.
e. The Council shall encourage participation and support from civil society and the private sector in
UN peace operations ad shall promulgate guidelines and procedures accordingly for their active
participation.

f. A scheme of enhance incentives, recognition and awards for uniformed and non-uniformed
participants in UN peace operations, such as, but not limited to financial assistance or scholarships
for the families of personnel who die in the service of the UN shall likewise be developed.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

a. Active Police Service - refers to the actual performance of police duties.

b. Administrative Duty - designation to positions involving purely clerical staff and managerial
functions. It includes assignment to NHQ PNP< National Administrative Support Units, PRO and NSU
Headquarters support units.

c. Board of Inquiry - an investigative body composed of the Contingent Commander as Chairman

and four (4) senior officers as members to deliberate and recommend the repatriation of personnel
alleged to have violated the provisions of this circular. (Must have for the BJMP)

d. Contingent Commander - refers to the PNP Commissioned Officer vested with the authority to
exercise overall responsibility for the conduct and well-being of all members of the PNP contingent
in the mission area consistent with the UN rules, policies and regulations.
e. Deferment - is the act of postponing the deployment of PNP personnel to a mission area.
f. Detail - is the movement of an employee from one department or agency to another which is
temporary in nature, which does not involve a reduction in rank, status or salary and does not
require the issuance of another appointment.
g. Deployment Tracking is an order issued by the UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations
authorizing the deployment of police officer/individual to UN mission area indicating the officer/s
expected date of arrival and the Tour of Duty (TOD).

h. Deployment-refers to the act of sending qualified PNP personnel to a mission area.

i. Extension is the lengthening of the tour of duty beyond the period stipulated in the original
agreement or contract of the Secondment or detail.
j. End of Mission - refers to the date when the tour of duty of deployment PNP personnel in a UN
mission ends.
k. PNP UN Mission Qualifying Examination is an examination administered by the Secretariat to
pre-qualify PNP personnel to take the UNSAT examination.

l. Mission Area - a country or an area designated by the UN where peacekeeping operations are
being undertaken.
m. Repatriation - refers to the act of sending PNP personnel back to the Philippines from a UN
mission before his/her schedules EOM either on the initiative of the UN or the PNP for the failure to
meet the UN standards misdemeanor or due to medical grounds. The cost of travel shall be borne
by the concerned PNP member, unless shouldered by the UN.

n. Secondment is a movement of an employee from department or agency to another which is

temporary in nature in which may or may not require issuance of an appointment which may either
involve reduction or increase compensation.

o. Personnel - refers to the active PNP uniformed personnel.

p. Peacekeeping - refers to a United Nations presence in the field (normally involving military and
civilian personnel), with the consent of the parties, to implement or to monitor the implementation
of arrangements relating to the control of conflicts and their resolution to ensure the safe delivery
of a humanitarian relief.

q. United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations (UNDPKO) - a department in the

United Nations Headquarters Secretariat directly in charge of United Nations peacekeeping
operations.

r. United Nations Standby Arrangement System (UNSAS) - refers to the system of establishing
a pool of UNSAS Eligible in an UN member country for deployment mission area as mandated by
UN.
s. United Nations Selection Assistance Team - composed as personnel selected by the UNDPKO
to administer the UNSAT examination.
t. UNSAT Examination is an examination to determine competencies of PNP personnel candidates
on English communication, vehicle driving and firearms proficiency.

u. UNSAS Eligible - PNP personnel who passed the UNSAT in the Philippines, entitling such member
eligibility for deployment within the period of eighteen (18) months commencing from the last day
of test, as certified by members of the UNSAT who administered the same.

QUALIFICATIONS FOR DEPLOYMENT TO UN PEACCEKEEPING MISSIONS: (MO #2010-007)

 Applicants for UN peacekeeping mission should satisfy the following standards, and
qualifications at the time of the filing thereof;"
 UNSAS eligible
 Police Captain (Police Senior Inspector) for Commissioned Officers and Police Staff
Sergeant (PO3) for Non-Commissioned Officers.
 At least 5 years of active service (excluding cadetship)
 Appointed as permanent in his present rank
 At least 1 year experience in vehicle driving reckoned from the date of issuance of license
 Recommended by Unit Commander (Command group, Directorial Staff directors, Regional
Directors, Provincial Directors, National Support Units Directors and District Directors
 Have a performance evaluation rating (PER) of at least very satisfactory for two (2)
consecutive semestral rating periods immediately preceding his/her application
 With no pending administrative or criminal case in any body or tribunal or court nor a
witness to any such case nor summary hearing officer with unresolved case
 Have not been repatriated from, previous UN mission for disciplinary reasons o With
knowledge on basic computer operations (e.g. Word, Excel, Powerpoint)
 Passed the Physical Fitness Test (PFT) conducted by DHRDD as well as, medical, dental
and Nuero-psychiatric exam
 Without firearm accountability as certified by the Department of Logistics (DL)

PRIORITY FOR DEPLOYMENT

a. 1st Priority - PNP personnel who passed the UNSAT examination but without previous UN
mission deployment.
b. 2nd Priority - PNP personnel who passed the UNSAT examination but with previous UN
mission deployment.

Note: Personnel who obtained the highest UNSAT exam rating, or those superior in rank, length
of service, educational attainment, or with fewer missions, in such order, shall have priority for
deployment.

Personnel after having been nominated for deployment shall be considered in default and will be
removed from the priority list under the following circumstances:
a. Non-submission of documentary requirements to the Secretariat on specified date.
b. Failure to report for processing for deployment
c. Non-attendance to the scheduled Pre-Departure Orientation Seminars (PDOS)

DEFERMENT
a. Deferment shall be allowed only once and only due to health reasons duly certified by the
Director, Health Service;
b. Personnel deferred due to justifiable reasons cited above can prenominated for deployment to
the dame mission area as last priority; and c. Requests for deferment shall be in writing
OTHER REQUIREMENTS
a. Prior to deployment, all personnel shall execute and undertaking that he/she:
1. Does not have any pending administrative or criminal case in any body/tribunal or court
nor witness to any pending criminal or administrative cased nor a summary hearing officer
with unresolved case;
2. Shall observe exemplary behavior, discipline and follow all the pertinent rules and
regulations of the PNP and the UN;
3. Shall abide by the PNP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct and shall not commit any
act/s or omission/s that will cause dishonor or disgrace to the PNP;
4. Shall strive to achieve outstanding accomplishment in the performance of assigned tasks
in order to bring honor and prestige to the Philippines;
5. Shall defray expenses for travel to the Philippines from the mission area in case of
repatriation due to disciplinary reasons;
6. Shall submit himself/herself to post-medical examination in the mission area one (1) month
prior to his/her End-of-Mission (EOM) and shall submit the medical examination result to
the PNP Health Service for evaluation; and
7. Shall return to the Philippines and report to the TDPL and TDPRM NLT ten (10) days after
the expiration of his/her duty of tour.
b. Infraction of the oath of undertaking shall be ground for repatriation, without prejudice to
administrative sanctions against erring personnel; and
c. All UNSAS eligible shall undergo a Pre-Departure Orientation Seminar (PDOS) to be conducted
by the PNP Training Service.

SECONDMENT
a. All applicants for Secondment to intentional organization shall be deliberated by the PNP
Selection Committee for UN Missions.
1. Approving authority:
i. Chief PNP - when the tour of duty is not more than one (1) year; and
ii. Chairman, Civil Service Commission - when the tour of duty is more than one (1)
year but not to exceed the maximum period of three (3) years as otherwise
provided by law or as required under the bilateral/multilateral agreements.
b. PNP personnel shall be allowed a maximum of three (3) separate details to any international
mission.
1. Provided for the purpose of applying the three mission limit, extension of the mission for
more than one (1) month shall be considered as one (1) mission and also missions which
had been considered by the UN as already completed, and
2. Provided further, that the counting of more than one (1) month extension shall be valid
only upon the approval of the Chief, PNP.
c. Extension of Secondment or detail to the UN and/or peacekeeping missions shall apply from
the effectivity of this circular.
d. Personnel deployed to any international peacekeeping mission shall not be eligible for
nomination to any Secondment post or vice versa. Likewise, personnel nominated for
deployment or Secondment shall not be eligible for nomination to other post.
e. Personnel returning from UN peacekeeping mission/Secondment shall render at least two (2)
years in service in any PNP office/unit before he/she may be considered for next deployment.
f. Personnel appointed into any of the PNP Technical Service shall be allowed shall be seconded
or detailed to international organization or UN peacekeeping missions, provided that:
1. His/her experience applies to the position/vacancy offered by the UN/international
organization and he/she possesses training competencies for the position/vacancy;or
2. He/she has attained at least five (5) years active duty in the Service which he/she has
appointed to and has performed Administrative Duty for atleast two (2) years.
g. Third level PNP officers shall be allowed to be seconded to any UN peacekeeping mission for
the positions of Professional level 5 (P5) or higher.
 h. The composition of the PNP contingent for detail international peacekeeping missions shall be
40% for Police Commissioned Officers (PCO's) and 60% for Police Non-Commissioned Officers
(PNCO's), if practicable.
i. The total number of personnel deployed to all UN peacekeeping missions shall not exceed
0.5% of the actual strength of uniformed personnel of the Philippine National Police as of the
end of the calendar year immediately preceding the time of deployment.
j. Prior to departure to the mission area, all PNP personnel must have the necessary travel
authority issued by the proper authorities.
k. Personnel returning from mission shall be allowed to take the UNSAT examination only after
eighteen (18) months from the date of the latest End of Mission.
l. All personnel deployed in UN mission shall undergo Medical and Psychological Evaluation result
to the PNP Health Service for evaluation.
m. The Chief, PNP may upon the recommendation of the Board of Inquiry (BOI) through the
resolution, cause the immediate repatriation of any member of a contingent who commits acts
inimical to the best interest of the PNP and the country in general.

THE PNP SELECTION COMMITTEE FOR UN MISSIONS:

a. The PNP Selection Committee for UN Missions shall deliberate, select and recommend on the
detail of PNP personnel with the United Nations and the other international peacekeeper
missions. It is composed of the following:
1. The Directorate for Plans (TDPL) - Chairman
2. Director of the Directorate of the for Personnel and Records Management (DDPRM)-
Vice Chairman
3. Director, Directorate for Intelligence (DDI) - Member
4. Director, Directorate for Logistics (DDL)- Member
5. Director, Directorate for Comptrollership (DDC)- Member
6. The Directorate for Investigation and Detective Management (DIDM) - Member
7. Director, Directorate for Operations (DDO) - Member
8. The Directorate for Human Resource and Doctrine Development (DHRDD) Member
9. The Directorate for Police-Community Relations (DPCR) - Member
10. DEP LS (Legal Service) - Member
11. Command Executive Senior Police Officer (CESPO) - Member
12. Chief, Women and Children Protection Center (C, WCPC) - Member
13. Director, Health Service (D,HS) - Member

b. The PNP Selection Committee shall adopt and implement guidelines and other measures for
the selection and detail to UN Peacekeeping Missions.
c. The Chairman, PNP Selection Committee shall designate the PNP Contingent Commander in
every mission area.
d. The PNP Selection Committee shall be supported by a Secretariat headed by the Chief, United
Nations Peacekeeping Operations Center (UNDPOC), and Directorate for Plans.
e. The Secretariat shall have the following responsibilities:
1. To ensure the proper implementation of this circular as well as resolution of this
Committee
2. To coordinate with other offices, departments and international organizations pertaining to
international peacekeeping operations;
3. To maintain and update the PNP UN Stand-by list.
4. To prepare the necessary documents pertaining to the Secondment and detail of PNP
personnel to international peacekeeping operations.
5. To ensure the timely dissemination of announced vacancies in the Seconded posts of
international organizations.
 6. To accept and process application of personnel for Secondment to the United Nations and
other international; bodies; and
7. To perform other tasks as may be required by the Committee and this circular.

f. The PNP Selection Committee Secretariat shall assist the UNSAT in the conduct of examination
in the country.

CONTINGENT COMMANDER
The Contingent Commander shall have the following duties and responsibilities:
a. Exercise overall supervision of all detailed PNP Personnel in the mission area particularly in the
maintenance of internal and proper decorum;
b. Ensure the timely submission of Situation Reports every first day of every month and/or as
directed.
c. Communicate all requests for Extension of Tour of Duty (Attn: TDPL) for the Chief, PNP's
approval.
d. Convene a Board of Inquiry to deliberate and recommend the repatriation of personnel alleged
to have violated the provisions of this circular as necessary.

FUNDING
All expenses in connection with the mandate of the Committee shall be chargeable against the
Command Mandatory Activity of the PNP.

INTERPOL

⚫ World's largest international police organization.

 Conceptualized in 1920s.
 Formerly known as International Police Commission.
 In 1955, the number affiliated countries from 19 to 55.
 In 2004, the number of affiliated countries increased to 181.
 As of 2012, the number of affiliated countries is 190.
 As of 2020, the number of member countries is 194.
 First Filipino President of Interpol: Jolly R. Bugarin - 1981-1984.

⚫ Mission:
"To be a whole world pre-eminent police organization in support of all organizations, authorities and
services whose mission is preventing, detecting and suppressing crime."
 Three core services:
 A unique global police communication system.
 A range of criminal data bases and analytical services.
 Proactive support for police operations throughout the world.
 Major decisions on the policy, budget, working methods, finances and programs of activities
are made by General assembly which meets annually.
 Each member country maintains NCB. (National Central Bureau).
 It is financed by annual contributions of each member country calculated a sliding scale
according to GNP.

HISTORY
  1914
o The idea of INTERPOL was born in Monaco at the first International Criminal Police Congress
(14 to 18 April 1914). Officials from 24 countries discussed cooperation on solving crimes,
identification techniques and extradition.
 1923
o After the First World War, the idea of an international police body was revived by Johannes
Schober, President of the Vienna Police. The International Criminal Police Commission was
established in September 1923 with headquarters in Vienna.
o Wanted persons notices were first published in the International Public Safety Journal.

NAME AND LOGO

Official name and abbreviations
 The Organization's official name is "ICPO-INTERPOL".
 The official abbreviation "ICPO" stands for 'International Criminal Police Organization'. In French
this is "OIPC" which stands for Organisation Internationale De Police Criminelle".
 The word "INTERPOL" is a contradiction of "international police", and was chosen in 1946 as the
telegraphic address. ⚫ Until 1956, the Organization was known as the International Criminal
Police Commission.

THE LOGO
The logo, in use since 1950, comprises the following elements:
 A representation of the globe, to indicate that INTERPOL's activities are worldwide;
 Olive branches either side of the glove to symbolize peace; The name "INTERPOL" below the
globe in the centre of the olive INTERPOL branches;
 A vertical sword behind the glove, symbolizing police action. The abbreviations "OICP" and
"ICPO" above the glove either side of the sword
 The scales below the olive branches symbolize justice.
THE FLAG
The flag has been in use since 1950.
 It has a light-blue background;
 The logo is in the centre
 The four lightning flashes arranged symmetrically around the emblem symbolize
telecommucations and speed in police action.

PROTECTION OF INTERPOL'S DISTICTIVE SIGNS

 As an international organization, INTERPOL's distinctive signs are protected by the 1883 Paris
Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property.
 Under the terms of Article 6 of this Convention, which has been ratified by the majority of
INTERPOL's member countries, the signatory countries have agreed to refuse to register as
trademarks and ban the use of coats of arms, flags, emblems, initials and names of states and
intergovernmental organizations.
 The Organization's logo and the name "INTERPOL" have, in addition, been registered as
European Community and US trademarks.

AUTHORIZATION TO USE INTERPOL'S DISTINCTIVE SIGNS

 In exceptional cases, the Organization may authorize a third party to use its distinctive signs.
Authorization can only be given by INTERPOL's Secretary General.
In any event, authorization to use the organization's distinctive signs is limited:
 Authorization is given for a specific, identified project;
 The duration of the authorization is specified;
 Authorization does not confer any exclusive rights.
 The signs may not be modified or adapted and, where appropriate, the media (documents,
films, etc.) must be submitted to the Organization for approval before publication.
 INTERPOL may automatically revoke the entitlement to use its distinctive signs if it transpires
that the project is likely to prejudice its reputation or image.

PRIORITIES
 INTERPOL has amended its strategic framework for the years 2011-2013 during the 81st
session of the General Assembly (2012), to provide an enhanced, focused and effective direction
for our programmes and activities during this period. Within this framework (the initial version was
approved by our General Assembly in November 2010), we have defined our strategic priorities
and two corporate priorities.
These priorities are in line with the Organization's vision and mission and reflect the dynamic
environment and challenges of international policing in the 21st century.

STRATEGIC PRIORITIES
1. Secure global communication systems
- Run a secure global police communications and support system (known as I-24/7) that
connects all 190 National Central Bureaus (NCBs), along with other authorized law
enforcement agencies and strategic partners, allowing them to instantly access, request
and submit vital data.
- Committed to making INTERPOL tools and services more efficient and effective over the
next three years. We will achieve this through a number of objectives and activities, for
example by enhancing the infrastructure of 1-24/7, continuing to expand the system
beyond NCBS and to officers in the field, and by better integrating the sharing of data
between INTERPOL and other systems.

2. 24/7 support to policing and law enforcement

- Provide round-the-clock support and a wide range of operational assistance to our
member countries, including emergency and crisis response. We are committed to
further improving response times, follow-up and the integrated nature of our response.

- Objectives and activities are focused around the work of our Command and Coordination
Centre, the development of new investigative expertise, and the deployment of teams
specialized in incident response, security issues at major events and the identification of
disaster victims.

3. Capacity Building
- Committed to enhancing the tools and services that we provide in the area of law
enforcement training and to raising standards in international policing and security
infrastructures. We will work with partners and stakeholders in order to build the capacity
of police services in countries in need and to empower them to respond effectively to the
challenges of transnational crime.
- Over the next three years we will work to leverage current resources in our member
countries, implement new training programmes, build partnerships

- internationally with the public and private sectors to deliver training and technical
assistance, and work with member countries to develop common standards and
recognized best practices. (Interpol website)

4. Assisting Member Countries in the identification of crimes and criminals

- Provide the highest quality database services, analytical capabilities and other innovative
tools to assist in preventing crime. We aim to further improve our criminal information
databases and better support their integration, along with analytical/investigative
methods and mechanisms.

- Objectives and activities will centre on improving the quality and quantity of information
in our databases, providing operational and specialized investigative support, developing
a global approach to integrated border management, and building robust cybercrime
support to member countries in cooperation with international stakeholders.

CORPORATE PRIORITIES
5. Ensure Organizational Health and Sustainability
- Strengthening our core infrastructure, improving our business model and communicating
our long-term relevance in terms of policing and law enforcement leadership and
support.
- Strengthen business infrastructure and delivery support mechanisms in order to ensure
efficient delivery of our core products/services. Other objectives will focus on human
 resources and staff well-being, communications strategies, and building support of our
strategic priorities.

6. Institutional and Legal Support

- Recognize the importance of efficient governance mechanisms, the need to develop the
strategic and geographical outreach for the Organization, and to find innovative solutions
to complement INTERPOL's funding. This institutional effort needs to be supported by
solid legal foundations. We will focus efforts on enhancing the legal stability and
foundation for international activities, including ensuring compliance with INTERPOL rules
and regulations. One of the overriding considerations is to enhance the Organization's
neutrality and independence.

Moreover, they also established the Strategic Framework 2017-2020 is our roadmap to achieving
their five key goals.
1. Serve as the worldwide information hub for law enforcement cooperation
 The exchange of police information lies at the core of our mandate and we connect the National
Central Bureaus of our member countries via our secure communication channels.
 We continue to reinforce our technical infrastructure, expanding access to our services and
enabling interoperability with other relevant information systems.
 There are currently 90 million records in our databases. Police worldwide conduct 4.6 billion
searches per year (equivalent to 170 queries per second) with a response time of 0.5 seconds
for a 'hit'.
2. Deliver state-of-the-art policing capabilities that support member countries to fight and
prevent transnational crimes
 We seek to serve as the catalyst for efforts in global, regional, national, and local law
enforcement. We offer a range of policing capabilities and expertise - such as databases,
forensics and training.
 The I-Core project (INTERPOL's Capabilities for Operational Relevance) is evaluating the range of
services we offer our membership to ensure it will meet tomorrow's global policing needs. I-Core
will develop a framework of common criteria which will be used to produce an agile portfolio of
effective policing capabilities.
3. Lead globally innovative approaches to policing
 Innovation is at the core of our working culture. As the leader in global law enforcement, we
focus on future trends and strategic foresight, providing a forum to challenge the status quo of
law enforcement and generate innovative ideas.
 Our StratTalks sessions are an opportunity for member country and INTERPOL representatives to
engage in future-focused dialogue. Issues at this annual forum include debating the implications
of technological advancements, people movement, demographic shifts, the environment, and
economics and trade, on national, regional, and global police cooperation.

4. Maximize INTERPOL's role within the Global Security Architecture

 We seek to unite the international community around common goals on security, and to
strengthen the international law enforcement capabilities to meet those goals.
 It is through these strategic partnerships that we further cement our impact on the global law
enforcement landscape.
 Operation Opson is an annual collaboration between INTERPOL and Europol which brings
together police, customs and national food regulatory authorities to remove counterfeit and
substandard food and drinks from the market.
 Project CRIMJUST is implemented in partnership with the United Nations Office on Drugs and
Crime and Transparency International; it aims to strengthen criminal investigation and criminal
justice cooperation.

5. Consolidate resources and governance structures for enhanced operational performance

 We continue to modernize our structures and processes to ensure the efficient and effective
delivery of our capabilities and services.
 We offer a continued commitment to transparency and oversight through robust monitoring and
evaluation mechanisms.
 Our human resources strategy is committed to training and skills development, enhancing
leadership capabilities and sourcing the most effective talent for our future.
AREAS OF FORENSIC EXERTISE ARE:
1. Disaster Victim Identification (DVI)
 The process of identifying victims of major disasters such as terrorist attacks or earthquakes is
rarely possible by visual recognition.
 Comparison of fingerprints, dental records or DNA samples with ones stored in databases or
taken from victims' personal effects are often required to obtain a conclusive identification.

INTERNATIONAL COORDINATION
 When a major disaster occurs, one country alone may not have sufficient resources to deal with
mass casualties. In some cases, the incident may have damaged or destroyed the country's
existing emergency-response infrastructure, making the task of victim identification even more
difficult.
 A coordinated effort by the international community can significantly speed up the victim
recovery and identification process, enabling victims' families to begin the healing process and
societies to rebuild, and, in the event of a terrorism incident, assisting investigators to identify
possible attackers.

A RANGE OF SUPPORT
Member countries can call on INTERPOL for assistance in disaster victim identification (DVI)
immediately in the aftermath of a disaster. The services offered by INTERPOL include:
 A downloadable DVI quide;
 Assistance from the Command and Coordination Centre at the INTERPOL General Secretariat in
Lyon, France to send messages between National Central Bureaus 24 hours a day in Arabic,
French or Spanish;
 An Incident Response Team to provide further assistance upon request, such as on-site
investigative support or connection to INTERPOL's databases.

MULTI-DIMENSINAL APPROACH
INTERPOL's DVI activities are supported by a Steering Group and a Standing Committee on
Disaster Victim Identification, both of which are made up of forensic and police experts. The
Steering Group formulates INTERPOL DVI policy and strategic planning while the Standing
Committee meets regularly to discuss improvements to procedures and standards in DVI matters.
Policies and guidelines have been produced in the following areas and are backed up by training
programmes:
 Victim care and family support;
 Occupational care for DVI teams;
 Compliance with international standards and forensic quality assurance controls;
 Information-sharing and exchange;
 Operational assistance to countries which lack DVI capacity.

2. DNA
 Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) molecules contain the information all living cells in the human
body need to function. They also control the inheritance of characteristics from parents to
offspring.
 With the exception of identical twins, each person's DNA is unique, which makes DNA sampling
useful for solving crimes, identifying victims of disasters, and locating missing persons.

The role of DNA in solving crimes

 DNA profiling can play a crucial role in solving crimes, as it has the potential to link a series of
crimes and/or to place a suspect at the scene of a crime. Just as importantly, DNA can help to
prove a suspect's innocence.

 The first step in obtaining DNA profiles for comparison is the collection of samples from crime
scenes and reference samples from suspects. Samples are commonly obtained from blood, hair
or body fluids. Advances in DNA technology enable samples to be obtained from decreasingly
smaller traces of DNA found at crime scenes.
  Using forensic science methods, the sample is analyzed, resulting in a DNA profile that can be
compared against other DNA profiles within a database. This creates the opportunity for 'hits'
person-to-scene, scene-to-scene or person-to-person matches - where no previous connection
was known.

INTERPOL's DNA DATABASE

 Police in member countries can submit a DNA profile from offenders, crime scenes, missing
persons and unidentified bodies to INTERPOL's automated DNA database.
 Known as the DNA Gateway, the database was initiated in 2002 with a single DNA profile but, by
the end of 2011, it contained more than 117, 000 DNA profiles contributed by 61 member
countries.

 Participating countries actively use the DNA Gateway as a tool in their criminal investigations,
and it regularly detects potential links between DNA profiles submitted by member countries.
Searches of the database by member countries led to 54 international hits during 2010.

 Member countries can access the database via the organization's 1-24/7 global police
communications system and, upon request, access can be extended beyond the members
countries' National Central Bureaus to forensic centers and laboratories.

DATA PROTECTION
INTERPOL serves only as the conduit for the sharing and comparison of information. We do
not keep any nominal data linking a DNA profile to any individual. A DNA profile is simply a list of
numbers based on the patterns of an individual's DNA, producing a numerical code which can be
used to differentiate individuals.
This profile does not contain information about a person's physical or psychological
characteristics, disease or predisposition for diseases. Member countries that use the DNA Gateway
retain ownership of their profile data and control its submission, access by other countries and
destruction in accordance with their national laws.

PROMOTING STANDARDS, ETHICS AND BEST PRATICE

We advocate international technical standards and systems in order to enhance the opportunities for
successful cross-border collaboration. For example:
 The DNA Gateway is developed to its internationally recognized standard to facilitate the
electronic transfer of DNA data between INTERPOL and its member countries.
 The Gateway is also compatible with the EU Pruem convention (a 2005 initiative to simplify data
exchange in the EU countries), and for selected international export of DNA profiles for countries
using CODIS (the FBI-designed DNA matching software).
 The G8 DNA Search and Request Network use INTERPOL's 1-24/7 system and DNA
standards to communicate profiles among G8 countries.

In addition to the DNA Gateway, INTERPOL strongly supports the increased use of DNA profiling in
international police investigations through a variety of other activities:
 The Monitoring Expert Group is a panel of forensic experts and senior investigators which
advises INTERPOL and encourages authorities in member countries to implement or expand
national DNA databases.
 A DNA Users' Conference for investigative officers, held every two years, examines
developments in DNA applications and encourages the widespread use of best practice and DNA
technology in criminal investigations.
 Regional and national INTERPOL DNA workshops are organized to encourage and facilitate
international DNA exchange through the INTERPOL DNA Gateway.

CONNECTING CRIMES THROUGH DNA

 Matches in the INTERPOL DNA database helped connect a number of crimes and individuals in
the period from 2005 to 2008, leading to the identification and arrest of three members of the
organized gang known as 'Pink Panthers'. This transnational crime group is linked to high-value
armed robberies in around 20 countries.
  DNA samples recovered from crime scenes in France, Liechtestein, Switzerland and United Arab
Emirates revealed links between three different types of crime - armed robbery, prison escape
and the use of forged travel documents - and between groups of individuals.
 This case shows clearly the way 'that' different crime types overlap and affect multiple
countries, and it highlights the importance of sharing DNA profiles and other police data through
INTERPOL's system.

3. FINGERPRINT
 Fingerprint evidence plays a crucial role in criminal investigations. Since person's fingerprints
are unique and do not change during the course of their life, they can be used to quickly and
efficiently confirm or disprove a person's identity, for example, in checking a suspect at a border
crossing.

 In addition, finger marks can be collected at a crime scene and have the potential to link a
series of crimes together, or to place a suspect at the scene. Fingerprints play an equally
important role in identifying victims following a disaster such as a cyclone, earthquake, bombing
or other attack.

INTERPOL's fingerprints database

 At INTERPOL, we manage a database of fingerprints, containing more than 151,000 fingerprints
records and more than 5,000 crime scene marks.
 Authorized users in member countries can view, submit and cross-check records using 1-24/7,
INTERPOL's secure global police communications network, via a user-friendly automatic
fingerprint identification system (AFIS).

 Law enforcement officers can take fingerprints using an electronic device or can take them
manually using ink and paper then use a special scanner to save the data electronically in the
appropriate format. They then submit the data to the INTERPOL General Secretariat to be
uploaded to the database. Records are saved and exchanged in the format set by the National
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).

 We actively encourage member countries to use the database as extensively possible, and
increase the number of relevant fingerprints in the system.
 In 2011, we made around 1,800 identifications as a result of increased data sharing and
comparison by member countries.

INNOVATION
 Interpol implemented in 2010 a new AFIS which is capable of searching and filing palm prints
and latent palm marks.
 Automated ten-print verification has been introduced, along with a high-volume search facility
that allows more than 1,000 comparisons per day against the INTERPOL fingerprint database.

4. FACIAL RECOGNITION
 Computerized facial recognition is a relatively new technology, being introduced by law
enforcement agencies around the world in order to identify, persons of interest.
 The INTERPOL Face Recognition System (IFRS) contains facial images received from more than
160 countries which make it a unique global criminal database.
 Coupled with an automated biometric software application, this system is capable of identifying
or verifying a person by comparing and analyzing patterns, shapes and proportions of their
facial features and contours.
 More than 650 criminals, fugitives, persons of interest or missing persons have been identified
since the launch of INTERPOL's facial recognition system at the end of 2016.

FACTORS IN FACIAL IDENTIFICATION

Unlike fingerprints and DNA, which do not change during a person's life, facial recognition has to take
into account different factors, such as:
 Ageing
 Plastic surgery
 Cosmetics
  Effects of drug abuse or smoking
 Pose of the subject
Working with good quality images is also crucial. Low or medium quality images may be not searchable
in the IFRS system and, if they are, the accuracy of the search and the results themselves can be
significantly affected.

An ICAO standard passport photo would be ideal, since this is a frontal image of the subject that has
even lighting on the face and a neutral background.

HOW DOES IT WORK?

When a facial image (probe image) is entered into the system it is automatically encoded by an
algorithm and compared to the profiles already stored in the system. This results in a 'candidate'
list of the most likely matches.
 We always carry out a manual process - we call this Face Identification - to verify the results of
the automated system. Qualified and experienced INTERPOL officers examine the images
carefully to find unique characteristics that can lead to one of the following results: 'Potential
candidate', 'No candidate' or 'Inconclusive'.

 This information is then passed on to the countries that provided the images, and to those that
would be concerned by the profile or a match. All information is handled in line with INTERPOL's
Rules on the Processing of Data.

Cross-checking with INTERPOL Notices

 All face images in Notices and Diffusions requested by member countries are searched and
stored in the face recognition system, provided they meet the strict quality criteria needed for
recognition.
 Member countries can also request a 'search only' in the face system, for example, to carry out
a check on a person of interest at airports or other border crossings. The results are returned
quickly to enable immediate follow-up action, and images are not recorded in the system.

Bringing experts together

 As this computerized biometric comparison technology is still in its infancy in most countries,
standards and best practices are still in the process of being created, and INTERPOL is
contributing to this.
 Held every two years, INTERPOL's International Fingerprint and Face Symposium provides an
opportunity for experts from around the world to share best practice and latest developments.
 We also host meetings of the Face Expert Working Group twice a year. This is INTERPOL's
advisory group for new technology, identification procedures, training needs and for producing
official documents to assist member countries in this field.

 The Expert Group produced a best practice guide for the quality, format and transmission of
facial images to promote accurate and effective recognition. We strongly encourage our
member countries to use the facial recognition service and to follow the recommendations.
Reference: INTERPOL Fact Sheet

INTERPOL WORKING LANGUAGES: (SAFE)

1. SPANISH
2. ARABIC
3. FRENCH
4. ENGLISH

TYPES OF NOTICE (INTERPOL)

INFRA-RED
 Operation Infra-Red is an INTERPOL initiative to locate and arrest serious long-term international
fugitives. On the run from justice, these criminals have committed crimes such as murder, child
sexual abuse, drug trafficking and money laundering.

1. CRIME AGAINST CHILDREN

Crimes against children tend to be local crimes with vast majority taking place within the home or
family circle. There are, however, a number of areas where there is an international angle:
 INTERNET CRIMES: crimes against children are facilitated by the Internet, the increased use of
which in recent years has led to a huge rise in offending. Not only can offenders distribute and
access child abuse material more easily, but they can also come into direct contact with children
- via chatrooms and social networking sites. We run a project in conjunction with Internet Access
Service Providers to block access to child abuse material online.

 TRAVELLING SEX OFFENDERS: also known as "sex tourism", this type of crime involves the
abuse of children in developing countries by people who travel there. The relative wealth of the
offender coupled with lack of understanding or effective legislation means that the abuse of
children is easier in these countries. This type of crime is linked to child trafficking, organized
crime and murder.

These types of crimes represent a huge challenge for police worldwide and require specialized skills
and increased resources. At INTERPOL, we encourage investigators around the world to make
maximum use of our tools and services.
 VICTIM IDENTIFICATION: we work to identify the victims of child sexual abuse depicted in
photographs and films. This involves a combination of traditional investigative methods and
image analysis. Crucial to this work is the International Child Sexual Exploitation Image
Database which uses sophisticated image comparison software to make connections between
victims and places.

 YELLOW NOTICE: at the request of a member country, INTEPROL can issue a yellow notice to
help locate missing persons, especially minors. These notices are circulated on an international
basis and record in INTERPOL's database of missing and abducted children.

 Work closely with many other agencies, both governmental and nongovernmental, in this area
and are involved in many training programmes and other projects worldwide. In particular, it
 work in partnership with CIRCAMP (the COSPOL Internet Related Child Abuse Material Project)
and the Virtual Global Taskforce.

 It is worth noting that we avoid using the term "child pornography" when describing images of
sexual abuse of children. Other, more appropriate terminology includes the term "child sexual
abuse material."

2. CYBERCRIME
 Cybercrime is one of the fastest growing areas of crime. More and more criminals are exploiting
the speed, convenience and anonymity that modern technologies offer in order to commit a
diverse range of criminal activities. These include attacks against computer data and systems,
identity theft, the distribution of child sexual abuse images, internet auction fraud, the
penetration of online financial services, as well as the deployment of viruses, Botnets, various
email scams such as phishing.

The global nature of the Internet has allowed criminals to commit almost any illegal activity anywhere
in the world, making it essential for all countries to adapt their domestic offline controls to cover
crimes carried out in cyberspace. The use of the Internet by terrorist, particularly for recruitment
and the incitement of radicalization, poses a serious threat to national and international security.

In addition, the threat of terrorism forces authorities to address security vulnerabilities related to
information technology infrastructure such as power plants, electrical grids, information systems
and the computer systems of government and major companies.

THE CHANGING NATURE OF CYBERCRIME

 In the past, cybercrime has been committed by individuals or small groups of individuals.
However, we are now seeing an emerging trend with traditional organized crime syndicates and
criminally minded technology professionals working together and pooling their resources and
expertise.
 This approach has been very effective for the criminals involved. In 2007 and 2008 the cost of
cybercrime worldwide was estimated at approximately USD 8 billion. As for corporate cyber
espionage, cyber criminals have stolen intellectual property from business worldwide worth up
to USD 1 trillion.

INTERPOL'S role
INTERPOL's cybercrime programme is built around training and operations and works to keep up with
emerging threats. It aims to:
 Promote the exchange of information among member countries through regional working
parties and conferences;
 Deliver training courses to build and maintain professional standards;
 Coordinate and assist international operations;
 Establish a global list of contact officers available around the clock for cybercrime investigations
(the list contained 131 contacts at the end of 2011);
 Assist member countries in the event of cyber-attacks or cybercrime investigations through
investigative and database services;
 Develop strategic partnerships with other international organizations and private sector bodies;
 Identify emerging threats and share this intelligence with member countries;
 Provide a secure web portal for accessing operational information and documents.

3. DRUGS
 The drug trade and its associated problems continue to grow in most parts of the world.
 Global abuse and accessibility of drugs have become increasingly complex, as trafficking routes
have become shorter, more diverse and more easily traversed.
 The drug trade involves growers, producers, couriers, suppliers, dealers and users affects people
in almost all of our 190 member countries.

INTERPOL's response
Our criminal intelligence officers focus on the most commonly used and trafficked narcotic drugs -
cannabis, cocaine, heroin and synthetic drugs as well as precursors chemicals and doping
substances.

The Organization's primary drug-control role is to identify new drug trafficking trends and criminal
organizations operating at the international level and to assist all national and international law
enforcement bodies concerned with countering the illicit production, trafficking and abuse of drugs
by:
 Collecting and analyzing data obtained from member countries for strategic and tactical
intelligence reports and disseminating these reports to the concerned countries; • Responding
to and supporting international drug investigations;
 Helping to coordinate drug investigations involving at least two member countries;
 Organizing operational working meetings between member countries where INTEROPL has
identified common links in cases being investigated in these countries;
 Organizing regional or global conferences on specific drug topics: the aims of which are to
assess the extent of the drug problem, exchange information on the latest investigative
techniques and strengthen cooperation within the law enforcement community.

4. ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME
 Environmental crime is a serious and growing international problem, and one which takes many
different forms. Broadly speaking, wildlife crime is the illegal exploitation of the world's wild flora
and fauna, while pollution crime is the trading and disposal of hazardous wastes or resources in
contravention of national and international laws.
 In addition to these clear and present crimes, new types of environmental crime are emerging,
such as carbon trade and water management crime.

ORGANIZED CRIMINAL NETWORKS

 Environmental crime is not restricted by borders, and can affect a nation's economy, security
and even its existence. A significant proportion of both wildlife and pollution crime is carried out
by organized criminal networks, drawn by the low risk and high profit nature of these types of
crime.

 The same routes used to smuggle wildlife across countries and continents are often used to
smuggle weapons, drugs and people. Indeed, environmental crime often occurs hand in hand
with other offences such as passport fraud, corruption, money laundering and murder.

 Leads global and regional operations to dismantle the criminal networks behind environmental
crime using intelligence-driven policing:

 Coordinates and develops international law enforcement best practice manuals, guides and
other resources;

 Provides environmental law enforcement agencies with access to our services by enhancing
their links with INTERPOL National Central Bureaus;

 Works with the Environmental Crime Committee to shape the Programme's strategy and
direction.

 The INTERPOL Wildlife Crime Working Group and the INTERPOL Pollution Crime Working Group
bring together criminal investigators from around the world to share information and initiate
targeted projects to tackle specific areas of environmental crime.

5. FINANCIAL CRIME
 Financial crime, also often referred to as white-collar crime, covers a wide range of criminal
offences which are generally international in nature.
 Closely connected to cybercrime, financial crime are often committed via the Internet and have
a major impact on the international banking and financial sectors - both official and alternative.
 Financial crimes affect private individuals, companies, organizations and even nations, and have
a negative impact on the entire economic and social system through the considerable loss of
money incurred.
AT INTERPOL, main initiatives in financial crime focus on:
 Payment cards;
 Money laundering;
 Counterfeit currency and security documents;
 Fraud (such as lottery fraud and so called "Nigerian letters").

THE CHALLENGES
 Organized criminal networks are often behind financial crime, drawn by the prospect of the huge
profits to be made.
 Law enforcement officers need to react swiftly in order to secure evidence or to freeze and seize
illegally obtained assets. However, a number of factors make it difficult, sometimes even
impossible to trace the criminal or the illegal assets.
 These factors are due to differences between countries in terms of their national jurisdictions,
their implementation of international conventions, and the level of expertise of their
investigative and prosecutorial authorities.

INTERPOLS' role in addressing these truly international challenges to law enforcement is:
 To identify and to collect best practices and expert knowledge in this field and to disseminate
this information to law enforcement authorities worldwide;
 To help specialized units to swiftly exchange operational information using INTERPOL's tools and
services.

6. FIREARMS
 A threat to the safety of citizens in any country, the criminal misuse of firearms also poses a
wider threat to security, peace, stability and development. Firearms are easy to conceal and
transport, and offer lucrative profits to criminals trafficking in illicit small arms and light
weapons. No country is unaffected by firearms violence.
 Each year, firearms are used in more than 245,000 homicides worldwide (excluding war-torn
countries). This statistic, however, is only a small percentage of all crimes committed with
firearms, which are widely used to support other criminal acts.

INTELLIGENCE GATHERING
To support police officers responsible for investigating firearm-related crimes, INTERPOL offers powerful
tools which can help member countries improve their collection of firearms intelligence - using the
information on the outside of the firearms and the data that can be gleaned from inside the
weapon to prevent and solve crime.
 THE INTERPOL FIREARMS TRACING SYSTEM (formerly known as IWeTS)
o This international communications tool allows an investigator to request the ownership
history for a firearm from the country of origin or legal import. Tracing firearms can
provide valuable intelligence and generate investigative leads for the police to solve
crimes.

 THE INTERPOL FIREARMS REFERENCE TABLE (IFRT)

o This interactive online tool offers a standardized way to describe firearms. This enables
investigators to obtain or verify the details of a firearm its make, model, caliber and
serial number and significantly increase their chances of identifying its ownership history
when submitting a trace request. The IFRT contains more than 250,000 firearms
references, detailed descriptions and 57,000 high quality images.

 THE INTEROL BALLISTIC INFORMATION NETWORK (IBIN)

o Every firearm leaves unique microscopic markings on the surface of fired bullets and
cartridges. Just as fingerprint data can link crimes and criminals across international
borders, IBIN can identify links between pairs of spent bullets and cartridge cases within
minutes, suspects helping police find connections between separate crimes that might
otherwise have gone undetected. IBIN is the first global platform for the international
collecting, reporting, sharing and comparing of ballistics data.
PROVIDING TRAINING
 An online firearms identification course is available to authorized users. Made up of several
modules, this course is designed to give users an understanding of the composition, assembly,
function and identification of all types of firearms: knowledge that is fundamental to any
investigation involving firearms.

CENTRALIZING DATA
 No single global repository of information for lost and stolen firearms exists today. Recognizing
the value of such a system, and the need to share critical law enforcement information quickly
and reliably, we are creating a global database accessible by member countries for reporting
and querying lost, stolen, smuggled or trafficked firearms. It is known as the INTERPOL Illicit
Arms Records and tracing Management System (¡ARMS).
 Authorized users will be able to query the iARMS system and instantly determine whether the
firearm they seized has been reported to INTERPOL by another member country.
 The iARMS project has been funded by the European Union and will be completed in December
2012.

INTERNATIONAL ALERTS
INTERPOL's system of notices can be used to alert member countries to firearm-related threats.
1. An ORANGE NOTICE can be issued to warn police, public entities and other international
organizations about potential threats posed by disguised firearms, which may not be easy to detect
under normal circumstances. A Purple Notice can be issued to share information about specific
firearms, their parts and related objects, as well as modus operandi for firearm-related crimes.

7. MARITIME PIRACY
 In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of attacks on vessels by
pirates, in particular in the Gulf of Aden, Somali Basin and the Indian Ocean. Vast areas of
waters are affected making it a challenge to prevent maritime piracy incidents.
 Maritime piracy affects major shipping lanes, and puts at risk the lives of seafarers and
merchant seamen from all over the world, of whom hundreds are taken captive each year.
 Millions of dollars in ransom payments are paid to pirates. It is believed that these payments are
divided between the pirates, their leaders and those who finance them. Intelligence indicates
that part of the money is reinvested abroad through Somali emigrants.
 Tracing the financial flows of ransom money is one of the main challenges faced by law
enforcement agencies.

INTERPOL's response
 The INTERPOL Maritime Piracy Task Force focuses on three main areas to counter maritime
piracy, working closely with the international community:
1. Improving evidence collection
2. Facilitating data exchange
3. Building regional capabilities

WORKING IN PARTNERSHIP
Due to extent and nature of maritime piracy, international and cross-sector partnerships are vital in
order to prevent, investigate and prosecute these crimes. Interpol work with the following
international organizations:
 United Nations;
 International Maritime Organization;
 Baltic and International Maritime Council;
 European Union;
 Europol;
 Eurojust;
 African Union.

8. ORGANIZED CRIME
  Definitions of what constitutes organized crime vary widely from country to country Organized
networks are typically involved in many different types of criminal activity spanning several
countries.
 These activities may include trafficking in humans, illicit goods, weapons and drugs, armed
crimes areas that we robbery, counterfeiting and money laundering. Indeed, almost all the
tackle at INTERPOL have an organized aspect.
 In this section INTERPOL focus on three projects that were set up in response to very particular
types of criminal network, each of which comes with its unique set of challenges.

PINK PANTHERS - armed jewelry robberies

AOC - Asian Organized Crime
Millennium - Eurasian Criminal Organizations
These projects facilitate cooperation among our member countries and stimulate the exchange of
information between all national and international enforcement bodies concerned with countering
these problems.
Aims within these projects are to:
 Provide professional and technical expertise;
 Collect, analyse and disseminate relevant police data;
 Coordinate international investigations;
 Identify, establish and maintain contact with experts in the field;
 Publish manuals, handbooks and reports for investigators.

9. PHARMACEUTICAL CRIME
A major threat to public health
 Pharmaceutical crime involves the manufacture, trade and distribution of fake, stolen or illicit
medicines and medical devices. It encompasses the counterfeiting and falsification of medical
products, their packaging and associated documentation, as well as theft, fraud, illicit diversion,
smuggling, trafficking, the illegal trade of medical products and the money laundering
associated with it.

 Illicit drugs can contain the wrong dose of active ingredient, or none at all, or a different
ingredient. They are associated with a number of dangers and, at worst, can result in heart
attack, coma or death.

The fight against counterfeit medicines is crucial in order to ensure the quality of products in circulation
and to protect public health on a global scale.

The increasing prevalence of counterfeit and illicit goods has been compounded by the rise in Internet
trade, where they can be bought easily, cheaply and without prescription. It is impossible to
quantify the extent of the problem, but in some areas of Asia, Africa and Latin America counterfeit
medical goods can form up to 30% of the market.

The problem of Organized Crime

Organized Criminal Networks are attracted by the huge profits to be made through pharmaceutical
crime. They operate across national borders in activities that include the import, export,
manufacture and distribution of counterfeit and illicit medicines. Coordinated and cross-sector
action on an international level is therefore vital in order to identify, investigate and prosecute the
criminals these crimes.

INTERPOL'S RESPONSE
At INTERPOL, we are tackling this major problem in three main ways:
 Coordinating operations in the field to disrupt transnational criminal networks;
 Delivering training in order to build the skills and knowledge of all those agencies involved in the
fight against pharmaceutical crime;
 Building partnerships across a variety of sectors.
10. TERRORISM
 Terrorism poses a grave threat to national security and the lives of individuals around the world.
At INTERPOL, we run a number of initiatives to support our member countries in their efforts to
protect their citizens from terrorism in its many forms.
 Experts at the General Secretariat collect, store and analyse information about suspected
individuals and groups and their activities, and exchange data without member countries and
other international organizations.
 A chief initiative in this area is the Fusion Task Force, which was created in the aftermath of the
11 September attacks in the United States.

CBRNE TERRORISM
The umbrella term 'CBRNE' refers to terrorist incidents carried out with chemical, biological,
radiological, nuclear and explosives materials. Clearly, an attack of this nature would constitute a
major threat to public safety and security, both nationally and internationally.
 CBRNE Terrorism Prevention Programme
 Radiological and Nuclear Terrorism Prevention Unit
 Bioterrorism Prevention Unit
 Chemical and Explosives Terrorism Prevention Unit

COUNTER-TERRORISM TOOLS
We also circulate alerts and warnings on terrorists, dangerous criminals and weapons threats to police
in member countries. These alerts are known as Orange Notices.

Additionally, the INTERPOL-United Nations Security Council Special Notice is used to alert member
countries to individuals and entities associated with Al-Qaida and the Taliban, as listed by the 1267
Committee of the UN Security Council, and to help countries implement the freezing of assets,
travel bans and arms embargoes.

In the event of a terrorist attack, member countries may request the assistance of in INTERPOL Incident
Response Team (IRT). Experts can be quickly deployed to the site of the incident to provide a range
of investigative and analytical support services, in coordination with the General Secretariat.

11.TAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS

 Trafficking in human beings is a multi-billion dollar form of international organized crime,
constituting modern-day slavery.
 Victims are recruited and trafficked between countries and regions using deception or coercion.
They are stripped of their autonomy, freedom of movement and choice, and face various forms
of physical and mental abuse.

THREE MAIN TYPES OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING:

1. Trafficking for forced labour;
2. Trafficking for sexual exploitation;
3. Trafficking of organs.

Closely connected is the issue of people smuggling in which smugglers procure, for financial or material
gain, the illegal entry of an individual into a country of which he is neither or a citizen nor a
permanent resident. Generally speaking, once payment is completed, the relationship between the
illegal immigrant and the smuggler is terminated.

INTERPOL's response
Trafficking in human beings is a crime under international law and many national and regional legal
systems. Given the complexities of the issue, a multitude of strategies are necessary at a range of
levels in order to reduce the problem.
 Operations and projects - concrete action in the field to dismantle human trafficking
networks;
  INTERPOL tools - technical tools and systems for sharing information globally;
 Partnership - strengthening our approach by working across sectors;
 Events and conferences bringing together experts from across the world.

12. TRAFFICKING IN ILLICIT GOODS

 At INTERPOL, working to identify, disrupt and dismantle transnational organized networks
behind the trafficking in illicit goods.
 Trafficking in illicit goods is a generic term used by INTERPOL to describe all types of illicit trade.
It includes such practices as counterfeiting (trademark infringements), piracy (copyright
infringements), smuggling of legitimate products and tax evasion. Selling fake or counterfeit
products as the real thing is one aspect of this crime; so is selling genuine goods on the black
market to avoid paying taxes. By avoiding regulatory controls the criminals behind these
activities typically peddle often dangerous goods with a complete disregard for the health and
safety of consumers. The phenomenon has grown to an unprecedented level, posing
tremendous risks to society and the global economy.

 All levels of society are impacted by trafficking in illicit goods. For example, counterfeiting harms
businesses which produce and sell legitimate products, governments lose tax revenue from
products manufactured or sold on the black market, and consumers are at risk from
substandard products.

THE ROLE OF ORGANIZED CRIME

 A clear link has been established between the trafficking of illicit goods and transnational
organized crime. Criminal organizations are attracted by the lucrative profits involved in trading
counterfeit or fake goods, or in trading legitimate goods through illicit channels. The criminals
involved manufacture and trade illicit goods on a regional and increasingly global scale.

 Organized Crime Networks exploit new technology, differences among national regulatory
regimes and links between the global economic, finance and transportation systems for their
own gain. They use the profits to fund other criminal activities such as drug trafficking, people
smuggling and robbery.

INTERPOL's response
Our activities revolve around three main areas:
1. Operations: support regional and global operations to break up the networks behind trafficking
in illicit goods and to remove dangerous and sub-standard goods from circulation.

2. Training: deliver clear, consistent and specialized training programmes under the umbrella of
the International IP Crime Investigators College (IIPCIC). These enable investigators to effectively
combat current and emerging threats posed by all types of trafficking in illicit goods.

3. Databases: facilitate the sharing of intelligence on trafficking in illicit goods via our secure police
communications system and specialized databases. These databases help us to analyse trends
and better target our on-the-ground interventions in partnership with police, customs,
regulatory bodies and the private sector.

Additionally, provide a central reference point on trafficking in illicit goods for all INTERPOL member
countries and public and private stakeholders. We work to build partnerships with a wide range of
representatives across sectors in order to facilitate a multidisciplinary response to this complex
issue. We currently partner with more than 40 different industry sectors and a number of cross-
industry associations and representative bodies.

As part of this, we organize and participate in a number of international and cross-sector events and
conferences. We are interested in cooperating with law enforcement authorities, the public and
private sectors in the fight against trafficking in illicit goods. If you represent one of these entities
and would like to have further information please contact us.

13. VEHICLE CRIME

  Vehicle crime is a highly organized criminal activity affecting all regions of the whole world and
with clear links to organized crime and terrorism. Vehicles are not only stolen for their own sake,
but are also trafficked to finance other crimes. They can also be used as bomb carriers or in the
perpetration of other crimes.

STOLEN MOTOR VEHICLE DATABASE

1. The INTERPOL Stolen Motor Vehicle (SMV) database is a vital tool in the fight against
international vehicle theft and trafficking.
2. It allows police in our member countries to run a check against a suspicious vehicle and find out
instantly whether it has been reported as stolen. An international database of this is crucial as
vehicles are often trafficked across national borders, sometimes ending up thousands of miles
away from the location where they were stolen.
3. In 2011, more than 42,000 motor vehicles worldwide were identified as stolen, thanks to the
SMV database. By the end of the year, the number of database records had risen to more than
7.1 million.

GLOBAL INITIATIVES
At INTERPOL, we have set up a number of working groups, bringing together experts from across the
world. These working groups have developed a range of projects focusing on specific issues, for
example:
 Delivering training (Project Formatrain)
 Working with car manufacturers (Project INVEX)
 Supporting operations (SMV Task Force)

14. WORKS OF ART

 The theft of cultural objects affects developed and developing countries alike. The illicit traffic in
cultural heritage is a transnational crime that affects the countries of origin, transit and final
destination.
 The illicit trade in works of art is sustained by the demand from the arts market, the opening of
borders, the improvement in transport systems and the political instability of certain countries.

At INTERPOL, we are working to raise awareness of the problem among the relevant organizations and
the general public. We encourage not only police, but also art and antiques dealers and owners of
works of art to play an active role in the exchange of information. This combined action will
strengthen our efforts to curb the erosion of our cultural heritage.

INTERNATIONAL DATA
 Published the first INTERPOL Notice on stolen works of art in 1947. Since then, we have
developed a highly efficient system for circulating information in the form of a database
accessible not only to law enforcement agencies but also to members of the public who have
been provided with specific access rights.

In addition, certain types of data can be accessed openly by the general public:
o The most recent stolen works of art reported to INTERPOL;
o Recovered works of art;
o Works of art that have been recovered but remain unclaimed by their owners;
Further resources are also available on this website:
 The latest INTERPOL posters showing the most wanted works of art.
 Object ID: the international standard for describing cultural objects, in order to facilitate their
identification;
 Frequently asked questions.

15.CORRUPTION
 The effects of corruption are far-reaching: it can undermine political, social and economic
stability, and ultimately threaten the safety and security of society as a whole.
  Corruption creates a fertile ground for organized criminal activities, even terrorism, as criminals
are aided in their illegal activities by the complicity of corrupt public officials.
 Economic globalization has made corruption a borderless crime. The competitive world of
international business can leave companies exposed to bribes and fraudulent financial practices.
 Corrupt transactions can cross multiple jurisdictions, making the ensuing police investigation
both time-consuming and complex.

Returning stolen public funds

 The Global Focal Point Network on Asset Recovery provides a secure information exchange
platform for the recovery of criminal assets. Authorized law enforcement officers from each
member country are designated as focal points and can respond quickly when another country
requires assistance.
 The aim of this initiative is to support asset freezing, and the seizure, confiscation and recovery
of stolen assets. It facilitates the secure exchange of sensitive information among the focal
points from anti-corruption and asset recovery agencies.

Working in partnership
 We cooperate closely with a number of national, regional and international bodies such as the
International Anti-Corruption Coordination Centre (IACCC). The IACCC brings together
specialist law enforcement officers from multiple agencies around the world to tackle allegations
of grand corruption and help bring corrupt elites to justice.
 INTERPOL has deployed a liaison officer to the IACCC to provide support and advice to member
countries, facilitate secure communications, and coordinate training and capacity building.

INTERPOL works in partnership with other international organizations, such as:

 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO):
 International Council of Museums (ICOM):
 United Nations Organization for Drugs and Crime (UNODC);
 World Customs Organization (WCO).

INTERPOL’s Structure

Introduction
 INTERPOL's activities are driven by member countries, within a clear framework of governing
bodies and statutory meetings.

STRATEGY
 The General Assembly and Executive Committee form the Organization's governance.
o GENERAL ASSEMBLY - INTERPOL's supreme governing body, the General Assembly
is composed of delegates appointed by each member country. It meets annually to
take all important decisions related to policy, resources, working methods, finances,
activities and programmes.

o The General Assembly takes decisions in the form of Resolutions. Each member
country represented has one vote. The decision-making process is made by either a
simple or two-thirds majority, depending on the subject matter. These Resolutions are
public documents and available from 1960 to the current date.

o EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE elected by the General Assembly, the Executive -

Committee is headed by the President of the organization. It provides guidance and
direction to the Organization and oversees the implementation of decisions made at
the annual General Assembly.
 o The Executive Committee has 13 members comprising the President of the
Organization, two vice-presidents and nine delegates. They are all from different
countries and the geographical distribution is balanced.

o Tour of Duty
 President - 4 years
 Vice Presidents and Delegates - 3 years
 They are not immediately eligible for re-election either to the same posts or as
delegates to the Executive Committee.

Current members of the Executive

 President
o Kim Jong Yang (Republic of Korea)
o INTERPOL's current President is Kim Jong Yang, who was elected at the 87th General
Assembly in Dubai in November 2018.

 Vice-Presidents
o Benyamina Abbad (Algeria)
o Šárka Havránková (Czech Republic) Vice-President for the Americas – Vacant

 Delegates
o Khaled Jameel Al Materyeen (Jordan)
o Ahmed Nasser Al-Raisi (United Arab Emirates)
o Jean-Jacques Colombi (France)
o Héctor Espinosa Valenzuela (Chile)
o Rogerio Galloro (Brazil)
o Robert Guirao Bailén (Andorra)
o Destino Pedro (Angola)
o Olushola Kamar Subair (Nigeria)
o Jannine Van den Berg (The Netherlands)

Implementation
 Day-to-day implementation of the Organization's strategic decisions is carried out by the
General Secretariat and National Central Bureaus.
o GENERAL SECRETARIAT - located in Lyon, France, the General Secretariat operates 24
hours a day, 365 days a year and is run by the Secretary General. The Secretariat has
seven regional offices across the world along with Special Representatives at the United
Nations in New York and at the European Union in Brussels.

o NATIONAL CENTRAL BUREAUS (NCBs) - each INTERPOL member country maintains a

National Central Bureau linking national police with our global network. Staffed by highly
trained national law enforcement officers, NCBS are the lifeblood of INTERPOL,
contributing to our criminal databases and cooperating together on cross-border
investigations, operations and arrests.
OVERSIGHT
Advisers - these are experts in a pure advisory capacity, who may be appointed by the Executive
Committee and confirmed by the General Assembly.
Commission for the Control of INTERPOL's Files (CCF) - the CCF ensures that the processing of
personal data - such as names and fingerprints - is in line with INTERPOL's rules, in order to protect
both the fundamental rights of individuals and the cooperation among police internationally.

TECHNICAL TOOLS
 All 190 INTERPOL member countries are connected through a secure communications system
known as 1-24/7. This gives police real-time access to criminal databases containing millions of
records. Our unique system of Notices is used to alert member countries to fugitives, dangerous
criminals, missing persons or weapons threats.

24-HOUR RESPONSE
  Our Command and Coordination Centre is operational around the clock and serves as the first
point of contract for any member country faced with a crisis situation. we can deploy specialized
response teams to the scene of a serious crime or disaster or to assist with security preparations
for a major international event.

INVESTIGATIVE SKILLS
 Forensic experts provide targeted support to member countries in the areas of fingerprint, DNA
analysis and Disaster Victim Identification. Criminal Intelligence analysts monitor and analyze
information related to specific areas of crime and criminal organizations, and inform member
countries about evolving trends and patterns.

POLICE TRAINING
 We are committed to building the capacity of police around the world through training sessions
and our online learning centre. Our training portfolio ranges from practical courses in specific
crime areas and investigative techniques for frontline officers, to high-level management
programmes for senior police staff.

INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS
 Criminal intelligence analysis (also referred to as "crime analysis") is a recognized law
enforcement support tool.
 In recent years, analysis techniques have become increasingly used by police forces,
international organizations and the private sector.
INTERPOL's definition of criminal intelligence analysis is as follows:
"The identification of and provision of insight into the relationship between crime data and other
potentially relevant data with a view to police and judicial practice."
The central tasks of analysis are to:
 Help officials - law enforcers, policy makers, and decision makers - deal more effectively with
uncertainty:
 Provide timely warning of threats;
 Support operational activity by analyzing crime.

OPERATIONAL AND STRATEGIC ANALYSIS Criminal intelligence analysis is divided into operational
(or tactical) and strategic analysis. The basic skills required are similar, and the difference lies in
the level of detail and the type of client for whom the products are produced.
 Operational analysis aims to achieve a specific law enforcement outcome. This might be arrests,
seizure or forfeiture of assets or money gained from criminal activities, or the disruption of a
criminal group. Operational analysis usually has an immediate benefit.
 Strategic analysis is intended to inform higher level decision making and the benefits are
realized over the longer term. It is usually aimed at managers and policy-makers rather than
individual investigators. The intention is to provide early warning of threats and to support
senior decision-makers in setting priorities to prepare their organizations to be able to deal with
emerging criminal issues. This might mean allocating resources to different areas of crime,
increased training in a crime fighting technique, or taking steps to close a loophole in a process.

At INTERPOL, our criminal analysts provide both operational and strategic analytical support - to units
focusing on specialized crime areas, and to our member countries - as well as providing traning
and consultancy in analytical matters.

INTERPOL MANILA
 1961-1993> NBI Taft avenue MANILA
 1993-1999> PNP Camp Crame, Quezon City by virtue of MO no.92 dated February 15, 1993 by
Fidel V Ramos.
 1999-Present> PCTC by virtue of EO 62 as amended by EO 100.
Executive Order 62
 Creating the Philippine Center on Transnational Crime to formulate and implement a concerted
program of action of all law enforcement, intelligence and control of transnational crime.
Executive Order No. 100, dated 7 May 1999
 Strengthening the Operational, Administrative and Information Support System of the PCTC" this
Executive Order sought to strengthen the operational, administrative and information support
system and capacity of PCTC by placing the following agencies/offices/instrumentalities of under
the general supervision and control of the Center: o Loop Center of the NACAHT; (National
Action Committee on Anti-Hijacking and Anti-Terrorism)
o INTERPOL NCB- Manila;
o Police Attaches of the PNP: and
o Political Attaches/Counselors for Security Matters of the DILG.

 The Philippine Center on Transnational Crime (PCTC), which houses INTERPOL Manila, is the
national law enforcement agency which carries Investigations beyond the borders of the
Philippines. Its priority crime areas include:
o Illicit trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances;
o Money laundering:
o Terrorism
o Arms smuggling;
o Trafficking in persons;
o Piracy:
o Any crime which impacts the stability and security of the Philippines.

The PCTC coordinates all transnational crime operations carried out by other government agencies of
the Philippines. It designs new projects to strengthen the country's combined response and ensures
the efficient exchange of Information. The PCTC recommends ways to better prevent transnational
crime and to detect and apprehend criminals operating across borders. A central database of
national and International legislation underpins these recommendations. Activities are reinforced
through training programs delivered In cooperation with national government agencies, other
countries and international organizations.

The PCTC is assisted by the Philippino's 22 national law enforcement agencies:

1. Philippine National Police
2. National Bureau of Investigation
3. Department of Justice
4. Anti-Money Laundering Council
5. Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (Philippine Central Bank)
6. Bureau of Customs
7. Bureau of Immigration
8. Bureau of Internal revenue
9. Dangerous Drugs Board
10. Department of Finance
11. Department of Foreign Affairs
12. Department of Tourism
13. Philippine Center on Transnational Crime
14. Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency.
15. Optical Media Board
16. Philippine Coast Guard
17. Philippine Overseas Employment Administration
18. Philippine Ports Authority
19. Philippine Postal Corporation
20. Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Commission
21. Securities and Exchange Commission
22. Office for Transportation Security

INTERPOL MANILA
 THE NATIONAL CENTRAL BUREAU (NCB) for the Philippines
o It is an inter-ministerial entity which is not part of the Philippine National Police but
instead is directly attached to the Office of the President. As such it benefits from
direct access to the services of all law enforcement agencies in the Philippines.
o The NCB is referred to as "NALECC-SCILEC" (National Law Enforcement
Coordinating Committee - Sub Committee on International Law Enforcement
Cooperation).

o INTERPOL Manila is an integral part of the PCTC. Its mission is to serve as the liaison
office and main coordinating body for international police cooperation on behalf of all
law enforcement agencies in the Philippines. Its main duties include:
 Monitoring and coordinating law enforcement activities relating to
transnational crimes affecting the Philippines;
 Operating and maintaining an operations centre to serve as the focal point for
international cooperation on transnational crime for all law enforcement
agencies in the Philippines;
 Acting as a NALECC Sub Committee in the monitoring of crime and activities
which threaten national security and the economy.
 INTERPOL Manila works around the clock and uses English as its main working
language.