Pumps in Soho, August–September 1854

Pump Actual Deaths Expected DeathsDifference Residual Latitude Longitude

Broad St 359 49 310 44.3 51.5133017 -0.13661482
So Soho 64 34 30 5.1 51.51211688 -0.13356234
Crown Chapel 61 72 -11 -1.3 51.51383919 -0.13954379
Warwick 16 40 -24 -3.8 51.51131598 -0.1382331
Briddle St 27 28 -1 -0.2 51.51152561 -0.13591208
Oxford St #2 24 55 -31 -4.2 51.51624846 -0.1346554
Oxford St #1 12 25 -13 -2.6 51.51605151 -0.1358463
Gt Marlborough 6 48 -42 -6 51.5148831 -0.13961748
Vigo St 4 84 -80 -8.7 51.51015828 -0.13957708
Coventry St 2 53 -51 -7 51.5101622 -0.13400594
Dean St 2 44 -42 -6.4 51.51234056 -0.13161505
Castle St 1 11 -10 -3.1 51.51661259 -0.13771839
Oxford Market 0 35 -35 -5.9 51.51633628 -0.13957775
Total 578
Data source: [Link]

400 359
350
300
250
200
150
100
49 53
50 2827 11 1 2
0
m
p St St St St
Pu dl
e
oa
d
st
le
ntry
B rid Br Ca ve
Co o
Cr
 Data
Pump Sum of Expected Deaths Sum of Actual Deaths
Briddle St 28 27
Broad St 49 359
Castle St 11 1
Coventry St 53 2
Crown Chapel 72 61
Dean St 44 2
Gt Marlborough 48 6
Oxford Market 35 0
Oxford St #1 25 12
Oxford St #2 55 24
So Soho 34 64
Vigo St 84 4
Warwick 40 16
Total Result 578 578

359

84 Data
7261 55 64
49 53 44 48 40 Column L
2827 35 2512 24 34
11 1 2 2 6 0 4 16

p St St St St el St gh ke
t #1 #2 ho St ick
um dl
e d le try ap n ou ar St St So o w
oa st n Ch
De
a r
So Vi
g ar
rid Br Ca ve n lb
o
d
M
or
d
or
d
W
B Co r ow ar f or O xf O xf
C
G tM Ox
Deaths during the Broad Street Outbreak by Date
Month Date No. of FataDeaths
August 19 1 1
August 20 1 0
700
August 21 1 2
604
August 22 0 0 600
August 23 1 0 498
500
August 24 1 2
August 25 0 0

No of Patiens
400
August 26 1 0 Month
August 27 1 1 300 August
August 28 1 0 September
200
August 29 1 1 Date unknown
August 30 8 2 100 73 Total
45
August 31 56 3 12 Total Result 0
September 1 143 70 0
August September Date unknown
September 2 116 127
Months
September 3 54 76
September 4 46 71
September 5 36 45
September 6 20 37
September 7 28 32
September 8 12 30
September 9 11 24
September 10 5 18
September 11 5 15
September 12 1 6
September 13 3 13
September 14 0 6
September 15 1 8
September 16 4 6
September 17 2 5
September 18 3 2
September 19 0 3
September 20 0 0
September 21 2 0
September 22 1 2
September 23 1 3
September 24 1 0
September 25 1 0
September 26 1 2
September 27 1 0
September 28 0 2
September 29 0 1
September 30 0 0
Date unknown 45 0
Total 616 616
[Link] (accessed
Aug. 31, 2022).
 604 616 616

498

Data
Sum of No. of Fatal Attacks Sum of Deaths
73 Sum12of No. of Fatal Attacks
498 Sum
604of Deaths

45 0
616 616
45
0 1232 1232
September Date unknown Total
Months
Epidemic of 1854: The Proportion of Deaths to 10,000 houses, during the first seven weeks of the epidemic

Deaths in
Deaths each
from 10000 # of Death of people
cholera houses houses

Southwark
and 1600
Vauxhall 1400 1263
Company 1263 315 40046
1200
Lambeth
1000
Company 98 37 26107
800
Rest of
London 1422 59 256423 600
400 315
Data source: [Link] 86. 200
0
Southwark and Vauxhall
Company

Deaths from ch
 Death of people because of each water suply
company
600
1422
400 1263
200
000
800
600
400 315
200 98 59
37
0
Southwark and Vauxhall Lambeth Company Rest of London
Company

Deaths from cholera Deaths in each 10000 houses

Mortality from Cholera in the Seven Weeks Ending August 26, 1854
Water Supply
Southwar
Sub- Populatio k& Pump- Thames & Unascerta
Districts n in 1851 Deaths Vauxhall Lambeth wells ditches ined

St.
Saviour,
Southwar
k 19,709 125 115 0 0 10 0
St. Olave,
Southwar
k 8,015 53 43 0 0 5 5
St. John,
Horsleydo
wn 11,360 51 48 0 0 3 0

St. James,
Bermonds
ey 18,899 123 102 0 0 21 0

St. Mary
Magdalen 13,934 87 83 0 0 4 0
Leather
Market 15,295 81 81 0 0 0 0
Rotherhit
he 17,805 103 68 0 0 35 0
Battersea 10,560 54 42 0 4 8 0
Wandswo
rth 9,611 11 1 0 2 8 0
Putney 5,280 1 0 0 1 0 0
Camberw
ell 17,742 96 96 0 0 0 0
Peckham 19,444 59 59 0 0 0 0
Christchur
ch,
Southwk 16,022 25 11 13 0 0 1

Kent Road 18,126 57 52 5 0 0 0

Borough
Road 15,862 71 61 7 0 0 3
London
Road 17,836 29 21 8 0 0 0
Trinity,
Newingto
n 20,922 58 52 6 0 0 0

St. Peter,
Walworth 29,861 90 84 4 0 0 2
St. Mary,
Newingto
n 14,033 21 19 1 1 0 0

Waterloo
Road (1st) 14,088 10 9 1 0 0 0
Waterloo
Road
(2nd) 18,348 36 25 8 1 2 0
Lambeth
Church
(1st) 18,409 18 6 9 0 1 2
Lambetb
Church
(2nd) 26,748 53 34 13 1 0 5
Kenningto
n (1st) 24,261 71 63 5 3 0 0
Kenningto
n (2nd) 18,848 38 34 3 1 0 0
Brixton 14,610 9 5 2 0 0 2
Clapham 16,290 24 19 0 5 0 0

St.
George,
Camberw
ell 15,849 42 30 9 2 0 1
Norwood 3,977 8 0 2 1 5 0
Streatha
m 9,023 6 0 1 5 0 0
Dulwich 1,632 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sydenha
m 4,501 4 0 1 2 0 1
 Data

Sub-Districts Sum of Deaths Sum of Southwark & Vauxhall Sum of Lambeth

Battersea 54 42 0

Borough Road 71 61 7

Brixton 9 5 2

Camberwell 96 96 0
Christchurch, Southwk 25 11 13

Clapham 24 19 0
Dulwich 0 0 0

Kennington (1st) 71 63 5
Kennington (2nd) 38 34 3

Kent Road 57 52 5

Lambetb Church (2nd) 53 34 13

Lambeth Church (1st) 18 6 9

Leather Market 81 81 0

London Road 29 21 8

Norwood 8 0 2
Peckham 59 59 0

Putney 1 0 0

Rotherhithe 103 68 0

St. George, Camberwell 42 30 9

St. James, Bermondsey 123 102 0

St. John, Horsleydown 51 48 0

St. Mary Magdalen 87 83 0

St. Mary, Newington 21 19 1
St. Olave, Southwark 53 43 0

St. Peter, Walworth 90 84 4

St. Saviour, Southwark 125 115 0

Streatham 6 0 1
Sydenham 4 0 1

Trinity, Newington 58 52 6
Wandsworth 11 1 0
Waterloo Road (1st) 10 9 1
Waterloo Road (2nd) 36 25 8
Total Result 1514 1263 98
 140

123
120

103 102
100 9696

8181
80
71 71
68
61 63
57 5959
60 54 53
52 5
42 42
40 38
34 34
29 30
25 24
19 21
20 18
1113 13
7 95 5 5 6
9 8 8 9
2 3
0 0 0 000 0 02 0 100 0 0
0
ts l k ) ) ) ) t ey l ey
ea ad on el am ich st nd ad nd st ke ad oo
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ith
e el
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ist tt e h B r
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be r
on
ey
-D Ba roug m S C t to e rc ur r do N P th m m s l
Su
b
Ca h, in
g
ng K
Ch
u
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Bo urc nn n ni b th e at Lo e ,C s , B n, H a
ch e t L g .M
is t
K Ke be be or m
e
J oh t
r m m e Ja . S
Ch La La . G S t. St
St
 123 125
115

103 102

90
87
83 84

68
5959 58
5148 53 52 Data
42 43 Column N
36 Column O
30
25
2119

9 11 109 8
4 6 4 6
0 100 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 01 01 10 1
y l ey k th k d)
am tne ith
e el n en n ar or ar m m on orth t)
kh u rh rw nds dow dal g to w w w tha nha ngt w ( 1s ( 2n
c e y n h l h a i
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th
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m rs M ew So W So St Sy Ne an Ro Ro
Ro C o ry N , r, r, ,
e, , , H Ma y, ve te u ity
W
lo
o
lo
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e o m J o S t M . t. a T a a
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Table showing the Estimated Average Monthly Strength of the Army; and the deaths and Annual Rate of Mortality per 1,000
Deaths Annual Rate of Mortality per 1,000

Estimated
Average
Monthly
Strength Wounds Wounds
of the Zymotic and All Other Zymotic and All Other
Month Year Army Diseases Injuries Causes Disease Injuries Causes
Apr 1854 8,571 1 0 5 1.4 0.0 7.0
May 1854 23,333 12 0 9 6.2 0.0 4.6
Jun 1854 28,333 11 0 6 4.7 0.0 2.5
Jul 1854 28,722 359 0 23 150.0 0.0 9.6
Aug 1854 30,246 828 1 30 328.5 0.4 11.9
Sep 1854 30,290 788 81 70 312.2 32.1 27.7
Oct 1854 30,643 503 132 128 197.0 51.7 50.1
Nov 1854 29,736 844 287 106 340.6 115.8 42.8
Dec 1854 32,779 1,725 114 131 631.5 41.7 48.0
Jan 1855 32,393 2,761 83 324 1,022.8 30.7 120.0
Feb 1855 30,919 2,120 42 361 822.8 16.3 140.1
Mar 1855 30,107 1,205 32 172 480.3 12.8 68.6
Apr 1855 32,252 477 48 57 177.5 17.9 21.2
May 1855 35,473 508 49 37 171.8 16.6 12.5
Jun 1855 38,863 802 209 31 247.6 64.5 9.6
Jul 1855 42,647 382 134 33 107.5 37.7 9.3
Aug 1855 44,614 483 164 25 129.9 44.1 6.7
Sep 1855 47,751 189 276 20 47.5 69.4 5.0
Oct 1855 46,852 128 53 18 32.8 13.6 4.6
Nov 1855 37,853 178 33 32 56.4 10.5 10.1
Dec 1855 43,217 91 18 28 25.3 5.0 7.8
Jan 1856 44,212 42 2 48 11.4 0.5 13.0
Feb 1856 43,485 24 0 19 6.6 0.0 5.2
Mar 1856 46,140 15 0 35 3.9 0.0 9.1

Note: This table contains the data that Nightingale used to produce “Diagram of the Causes of Mortality in the Army in the Eas

Data source: [Florence Nightingale], A Contribution to the Sanitary History of the British
Army during the Late War with Russia (London: John Parker and Son, 1859), 15, Open
Collections Program at Harvard University, Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine,
[Link] (accessed
Aug. 31, 2022).
nual Rate of Mortality per 1,000 in each month, from April 1854, to March 1856 (inclusive), in the Hospitals of the Army in the East

Data
Month Sum of Zymotic Diseases Sum of All Other Causes
Jan 2803 372
Feb 2144 380
Mar 1220 207
Apr 478 62
May 520 46
Jun 813 37
Jul 741 56
Aug 1311 55
Sep 977 90
Oct 631 146
Nov 1022 138
Dec 1816 159
Total Result 14476 1748
3000

2500

2000

Sum of Zymotic Diseases

1500 Sum of All Other Causes
Mortality in the Army in the East.” Sum of Wounds and Injuries
1000

500

0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
pitals of the Army in the East

Sum of Wounds and Injuries

85
42
32
48
49
209
134
165
357
185
320
132
1758

Sum of Zymotic Diseases

Sum of All Other Causes
Sum of Wounds and Injuries

Dec
Mortality in the Hospitals at Scutari and Kulali, from October 1, 1854, to September 30, 1855
Mortality per
1,000 Treated in
Date
10/1/1854-10/14/1854
the Hospital
192
Mortality
10/15/1854-11/11/1854 85
11/12/1854-12/9/1854 155
400
12/10/1854-1/6/1855 179
300
1/7/1855-1/31/1855 321 192
2/1/1855-2/28/1855 427 200 155
85
2/25/1855-3/17/1855 315 100
3/18/1855-4/7/1855 144 0
4/8/1855-4/28/1855 107 4 4 4
85 85 85
/1 /1 /1
4/29/1855-5/19/1855 52 /1
4
/1
1
2/
9
1/
10 11 -1 4-
5/20/1855-6/9/1855 48 54
-
54
-
85
4
18
5
6/10/1855-6/30/1855 22 / 18 18 2 /1 10/ /1
/ 1 1 5/
/ 1 2 / 1/7
7/1/1855-9/30/1855 22 10 10
/ 11 1

Data source: [Link] 16.

 Mortality per 1,000 Treated in the
Hospital
427
400
321 315
300
192 179
200 155 144
85 107
100 52 48 22 22
0
4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85
4 /1 1 /1 9/1 6/1 1 /1 8 /1 7 /1 7/1 8 /1 9 /1 9/1 0 /1 0/1
/1 /1 2/ 1/ /3 /2 /1 4/ /2 /1 6/ /3 /3
- 10 - 11 4-1 5 4- 5 -1 5-2 5-3 5 5- 5 -4 5-5 5 5- 5 -6 5-9
54 54 85 18 85 85 85 18 85 85 18 85 85
/ 18 / 18 2 /1 10/ 7/1 1/1 5 /1 18/ 8/1 9 /1 20/ 0 /1 1/1
/1 5 /1 / / / 2 / / 2 / 1 /
10 /1 11 12 1 2 2/ 3 4 4/ 5 6/ 7
10