BC-230410442
GSC-101
Assignment solution fall 2024-2025
QUESTION 1
Definitions:
Work:
Work is defined as the product of force and displacement in the direction of the force.
Mathematically,
W=F⋅d⋅cosθ
where W is work, F is the force, d is the displacement, and θ is the angle between the force and
displacement. The SI unit of work is the joule (J).
Energy:
Energy is the capacity to do work. It exists in various forms, such as kinetic energy, potential
energy, thermal energy, etc. The SI unit of energy is also the joule (J).
Power:
Power is the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred. It is mathematically expressed
as:
P=W/t
where P is power, W is work, and t is time. The SI unit of power is the watt (W), where 1 W=1
J/s.
Relationship Between Work, Energy, and Power:
Work and Energy: Work is the transfer of energy. When work is done on an object, energy
is transferred to or from it. For example, applying a force to move an object increases its kinetic
energy.
Energy and Power: Power quantifies how quickly energy is transferred or converted. High
power implies that energy is transferred or work is done more rapidly.
Work and Power: Power is the rate of doing work. For a constant power, work done
increases with time.
These quantities are interconnected, and their understanding is essential in analyzing physical
systems.
QUESTION 2:
To calculate the power output of the motor, we use the formula for power:
P=W/t
Where:
P is the power output,
W=5000 J is the work done,
t=25 s is the time taken.
Substitute the values:
P=5000/25P
P=200W
Final Answer:
The power output of the motor is 200 watts (W).
QUESTION 3:
Given Data:
[Link] of the box, m=10 kg
[Link] lifted, h=2 m
[Link] due to gravity, g=9.8 m/s2
[Link] Done:
Work done to lift the box is equal to the force exerted (F) times the displacement (h):
W=F.h
The force exerted is equal to the weight of the box:
F=m⋅g
Substitute the values:
F=10.9.8=98 N
Now, calculate the work done:
W=98.2=196 J
[Link] Potential Energy:
The gravitational potential energy (Ep ) gained by the box at the height h is given by:
Ep=m.g.h
Substitute the values:
Ep=[Link]=196 J
Final Answer:
Work done by the person = 196 J
Gravitational potential energy gained by the box = 196 J
These values are the same, as all the work done goes into increasing the
potential energy of the box.
QUESTION 4:
Newton's Three Laws of Motion:
1. First Law (Law of Inertia):
Statement:
An object remains in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line
unless acted upon by an external force.
Explanation:
This law describes the tendency of objects to resist changes in their motion.
If no net force acts on an object, its velocity will remain constant. This is due
to its inertia, which depends on its mass.
Example:
a).A book on a table remains stationary unless you push it.
b).A moving car continues to move unless brakes or friction slow it down.
2. Second Law (Law of Acceleration):
Statement:
The rate of change of momentum of an object is directly proportional to the
net external force applied and occurs in the direction of the force.
Mathematically: F=m.a
where f is the force, m is the mass, and a is the acceleration.
Explanation:
This law shows how the motion of an object changes when a force is applied.
The greater the force applied, the greater the acceleration, and for the same
force, heavier objects accelerate less.
Example:
Pushing a light object (e.g., a small toy car) requires less force to accelerate
it compared to a heavy object (e.g., a real car).
[Link] Law (Action-Reaction Law):
Statement:
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Explanation:
When one object applies a force on another, the second object applies an
equal and opposite force on the first. These forces act on different objects
and do not cancel out.
Example:
a).When you jump off a boat, you push the boat backward (action) while
propelling yourself forward (reaction).
b).A rocket launches because the exhaust gases are expelled downward
(action), producing an upward thrust (reaction).
