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GROUP MEMBERS
SIDUMISILE NDLOVU N02420160P
SAMBULELO BUYELA MOYO
N02419754Y
TINOTENDA MACHINGA N02421130N
INTRODUCTION
The self ?
is product of the affect, feelings about self leading to self esteem.
What is self ?
it is the interface between the inner biological processes of a human being
and the socio cultural networks to which the person belongs.
Self is a product of the society which gives the person a form of identity.
THE THREE PARTS OF SELF
Knowledge / self concept
Interpersonal self / public self
Agent self / executive function.
THE THREE PARTS OF SELF
Main approaches of self
Category Impulsive Institutional
Definitions Refers to the self as driven by internal forces. Sees the self as shaped by external social
structures and norms.
Focus Internal drivers External structures
e.g. emotions, desires and instincts. e.g. social norms and family expectation.
Agency Personal autonomy Institutional influence
e.g. making choices and taking risks. e.g. emotions, desires and instincts
Influence Internal forces External norms
e.g. motivation and self doubt. e.g. social media and cultural values
Perspective Individualistic Sociological
e.g. I am responsible for my life. e.g. my environment shapes me.
View of self
Independent self construal
the self is perceived as a unique, private and self sufficient entity.
Characteristics
Uniqueness, emphasizes individual traits and personal identity.
Autonomy, focuses on self reliance and individual decision making.
Personal values, centres on individual preferences, desires and motivations.
Examples
Statements or beliefs such as I am a creative artist or I value my
independence.
View of self
Interdependent self construal
the self is understood in relation to others and social contexts.
Characteristics
Social Embedded, emphasizes connections and relationships with others.
Emphasis on belonging and being part of a group.
Sharing resources and supporting others.
Examples
Our teams success is my success.
Role of self
To enable identity
To gain acceptance in the society
To gain trust and be entrusted with responsibilities
To have friends, family / forming and maintaining a connections with others
To play social role e.g. mother, father, teacher, preacher, community leader
To find purpose, meaning, direction and fulfilment in life
To cop with challenges, adapting to change and bouncing from setbacks
Self awareness
Self awareness reinforces good behavior based on set standards or ideals.
Though its has positive effects on one's life it also has negative ones.
Examples of a negative effect of self awareness is drinking alcohol, drug
abuse and suicide.
These are an effect of people being aware of how bad they are.
Self awareness
Self awareness
this is the attention that is directed at self, which can be
divided into two main kinds.
Private self awareness :
this refers to attending to your inner states including
emotions, thoughts, desires and traits.
Public self awareness:
this refers to attending to how one is
perceived by people, what people think of you.
Self awareness (glass self)
LOOKING GLASS SELF: people learn about themselves from others (Cooley,
1902)
This has three parts:
1. Your imagined appearance to other
2. You imagine how others will judge you
3. You develop an emotional response such as pride or mortification.
Glass self criticism
People generally do not tell the truth
Peoplechoose what ever they want to believe about
themselves
(they are not receptive to feedback)
Sometimes you may not want to hear what they think
They also might not want to tell you
Self Esteem
This is how one evaluates themselves.
Those with high self esteem have a positive
view of themselves.
This could result from competence, likability,
attractiveness and other good trates
Hence they are very adventurous .
Self Esteem
Those with low self esteem on the other hand do not want to
fail
in fact hold same goals and values like others but suffer from
low confidence
The focus on protecting their self esteem (avoid
embarrassment)
Have emotional highs and lows
Attitude
This is a strong evaluation towards an object or
issue.
It can be one of 2 i.e:
1. Implicit – it is automatic
2. Explicit – controlled evaluation response.
Attitude
They are the basis of decision making.
The also shape aspirations and success.
How is it formed?
Exposure to certain behaviour traits
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Social learning
Polarisation.
Belief and Coping
Belief perseverance
this is the assumption that once belief form, they are resistant to
change even if the information in which they are based are discredited
Belief helps people understand their surroundings.
Coping
ability to deal with problems.
Coping mechanism
belief plays a role to help an individual recover from misfortune.
Belief and Coping
Examples of these include:
1. Downward comparison (it could have
been worse)
2. Religious belief
Irrational beliefs should be controlled
(they make problems worse)
Prejudice
A negative feeling or attitude towards an individual based solely on the
membership of a particular group.
Stereotype
these are beliefs attributable toward groups.
They can be overcome by
Conscious efforts towards fairness and equality.
Avoiding blaming misfortune on some scapegoats or out groups.
Belief that prejudice is morally wrong.
IMPORTANCE OF SELF AWARENESS
Improved decsion making
Bettter relationships
Improved mwntal health
more effective communication
Increased self confidence
Greater self acceptance
Increased personal growth.
CONCLUSION
Understanding the self and cultivating self awareness is
crucial for persnal growth and success. Understandig the
self is cucial for navigating societal expectations and
norms. Self awareness is a powerful tool as individuals
can negotiate can constrct their identities within
societal contexts.
QUESTIONS
REFERENCES
Menéndez Domingo, R. (2021). The real self revisited: From impulse to institution. Semantic scholar.
Available at [Link] Accessed (8 August 2024).
Nathan N. Cheek and Jonathan M. Cheek (2020) Independent/Interdependent Self. Research gate .
Available at:[Link] 346786457_Independent Interdependent
_Self. Accessed (8 August 2024).
