Topic 5: Data and databases
5.1 Data and information
Multiple choice questions and answers:
1. What is the difference between data and information? a. Data is raw and unprocessed, while
information is processed and useful. b. Information is raw and unprocessed, while data is
processed and useful. c. Data and information are the same thing. d. Data is the input, while
information is the output. Answer: a. Data is raw and unprocessed, while information is
processed and useful.
2. What are the sources of data? a. Social media b. Surveys c. Transactions d. All of the above
Answer: d. All of the above
3. What is the difference between structured and unstructured data? a. Structured data is
organized and easy to process, while unstructured data is disorganized and difficult to process. b.
Unstructured data is organized and easy to process, while structured data is disorganized and
difficult to process. c. Structured and unstructured data are the same thing. d. Structured data is
text-based, while unstructured data is non-text based. Answer: a. Structured data is organized
and easy to process, while unstructured data is disorganized and difficult to process.
Brief questions and answers:
1. What is the difference between data and information? Answer: Data is raw and unprocessed,
while information is processed and made useful to individuals and organizations.
2. What is the value of extracting meaningful information from data for organizations? Answer:
Extracting meaningful information from data allows organizations to make informed decisions,
improve operations, and gain a competitive advantage.
Describe type questions and answers:
1. Describe the difference between structured and unstructured data. Answer: Structured data is
organized and follows a specific format, such as tables or spreadsheets. It is easy to process and
analyze using computer programs. On the other hand, unstructured data is disorganized and
does not follow a specific format. It can include text, images, audio and video files, and is more
difficult to process and analyze.
2. Describe the value of extracting meaningful information from data for organizations. Answer:
Extracting meaningful information from data can bring numerous benefits to organizations. It can
help organizations to make informed decisions, identify patterns and trends, and improve
operations. Additionally, by turning data into meaningful information, organizations can gain a
competitive advantage, better understand their customers, and optimize their marketing and
sales efforts.
5.2 Structured data
Multiple Choice Questions and Answers:
1. What is the purpose of using databases in IT systems? a. To store data in a structured manner b.
To store data in an unstructured manner c. To store only images d. To store only videos Answer:
a. To store data in a structured manner
2. What is a primary key in a relational database? a. A unique identifier for each record in a table b.
A field in a table that has a many-to-many relationship with another table c. A field in a table that
refers to the primary key of another table d. A combination of two or more fields in a table
Answer: a. A unique identifier for each record in a table
3. What type of relationship is represented by a one-to-many relationship in a database? a. One
record in one table is related to multiple records in another table b. One record in one table is
related to one record in another table c. Many records in one table are related to one record in
another table d. Many records in one table are related to many records in another table Answer:
a. One record in one table is related to multiple records in another table
Fill in the Blanks and Answers:
1. A __________ is a unique identifier for each record in a table in a relational database. Answer:
primary key
2. In a relational database, a __________ refers to the primary key of another table. Answer:
foreign key
3. A __________ relationship in a database represents that one record in one table is related to
multiple records in another table. Answer: one-to-many
Brief Questions and Answers:
1. What is an entity relationship diagram? Answer: An entity relationship diagram is a graphical
representation of entities and the relationships between them in a database.
2. What is the difference between structured and unstructured data? Answer: Structured data is
organized and formatted in a specific way, while unstructured data is unorganized and does not
have a specific format.
Describe Type Questions and Answers:
1. Explain the structure of a relational database. Answer: A relational database is made up of tables,
each containing records and fields. A primary key is used as a unique identifier for each record in
a table. Foreign keys are used to refer to the primary key of another table in the database, and
tables can be related through one-to-one, one-to-many, or many-to-many relationships.
2. What is the purpose of using databases in IT systems? Answer: Databases are used in IT systems
to store and structure data in a organized manner. By using databases, data can be easily
retrieved, manipulated, and analyzed to extract meaningful information for organizations.
5.3 Structured query language (SQL)
Multiple choice questions and answers:
1. What is the main purpose of SQL? A) To manipulate data and data structures B) To create
websites C) To develop software applications D) To store images
Answer: A
2. What is the function of the JOIN command in SQL? A) To order data B) To count data C)
To link tables D) To insert data into tables
Answer: C
3. What is the purpose of using wildcards in SQL? A) To select specific data B) To delete data
C) To link tables D) To match patterns in data
Answer: D
Fill in the blanks and answers:
1. The ________ command is used to insert data into tables. Answer: INSERT
2. The ________ function is used to count data in SQL. Answer: COUNT
3. The ________ command is used to link tables in SQL. Answer: JOIN
Brief questions and answers:
1. What is the purpose of the UNION command in SQL? Answer: The UNION command in
SQL is used to combine the result of two or more SELECT statements into a single result
set.
2. What is the purpose of the GROUP command in SQL? Answer: The GROUP command in
SQL is used to group data based on one or more columns.
Describe type questions and answers:
1. How do you create tables in SQL using appropriate data types? Answer: To create tables
in SQL using appropriate data types, you need to specify the names and data types of the
columns in the table using the CREATE TABLE command. For example:
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CREATE TABLE table_name (
column1 data_type,
column2 data_type,
...
);
where table_name is the name of the table, column1 and column2 are the names of the
columns, and data_type is the data type for each column (e.g. INT, VARCHAR, DATE, etc.).
2. How do you perform queries and subqueries in SQL? Answer: To perform queries in SQL,
you use the SELECT statement to retrieve data from one or more tables. A subquery is a
query within another query, and it is used to return a set of data that will be used in the
main query. For example:
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SELECT column1, column2
FROM table_name
WHERE column1 = (SELECT value
FROM another_table
WHERE condition );
In this example, the subquery is used to retrieve the value from the another_table that
meets the specified condition, and the main query uses this value to retrieve data from the
table_name.
