International Journal of Computer Information Systems, Vol. 3, No.
6, 2011
The Influence of Various Factors in the use of Mobile Phones
Dr. [Link] & Dr. G. Subba Raju
Shri Vishnu Engg. College for Women, Bhimavaram. West Godavari dist, A.P, India. e-mail: sriram_pavan123@[Link] e-mail: Gsr38272@[Link]
D. Siva Rama Krishna
Swarnandhra Institute of Engg. & Tech, Narsapuram. West Godavari dist, A.P, India. e -mail: srkd999@[Link]
Abstract- The present paper is a sample survey analysis done based on the statistical techniques. The utility of mobile phones has become almost basic necessity these days and as such the authors have made a systematic survey through a well prepared questionnaire on the utility of mobile phones. The samples are various economical groups across a population of over fifty thousand. The results are scientifically analyzed and interpreted to match the ground reality Keywords- Percentages, Null Hypothesis, Alternative Hypothesis, Level of Significance, Analysis of Variance
accessibility to the growing volume of people who can no longer be reached by traditional landline telephones. The % of adults living in wireless-only households in the US in 2010 versus in 2007, only enforces the need to consider adding mobile to their research toolkit. Nielsen has also offered some interesting information about the change in trends for the segments of the community. In a wireless survey, observed that 91% of Americans use cell phones. In this paper. the Following are the various aspects that influence the use of mobile phones have been formed the ground for the present survey: The back ground of various people using the mobile phone. The ratio of male and female users of mobile phones. The utilization of mobile phone with regard to the occupation of all sectors of people. The maximum mobile usage of various brands by maximum number of people. The maximum purchase of mobile phones with respect to the influence made by friends, neighbors, advertisements, cell cost and similar reasons. Whether the users suffer from the battery backup. The study with regard to various networks (SIM cards) utilized by the mobile users. Whether the different networks (SIM cards) influence the purchaser. The study of net work connection with respect to pre-paid and post paid connections. The monthly expenditure to estimate the utility of cell phone users. To test the significance difference between the male and female mobile users by testing of hypothesis. To test the significance difference between the prepaid and postpaid connections by testing of hypothesis. To test the significance difference between various factors involved by using analysis of variance.
1.
INTRODUCTION
In the modern times, technology has become an integral part of our living. It has crept into every field. Technology is primarily used for communication. It is also used for enhancing our knowledge in myriad ways. The world has become one single place as many innovations have been developed, from decade to decade. Of all the innovations, the most popular gadget is mobile phone which makes us easy to communicate with each others globally. The cell phone is the need of every one. It is for the fact that now- a- days, having a mobile phone is a sort of necessity and it is an inevitable truth that the mobile industry is taking every one by the storm. In spite of its advantages, there are also some disadvantages of mobile phone. So it all depends on the user how he makes use of it for better living. Many studies have shown that mobile phone in various communities has positive as well as negative impact on Society. Gangadhar and Santosh have studied and analyzed the mobile phone usage on Academic Environment. Recently Nielson shows us that the three major mobile operating systems (mobile OSs) are in a three-way-tie. The inevitable battle for leadership can only be good for end customers, where value and features will be more readily compared before committing to a handset and platform. For Market Researchers this offers the hope of greater
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2. Methodology To satisfy the objectives of the study, qualitative methodologies along with quantitative techniques are employed. The study is in descriptive nature. A total of 2131 people are made to participate in this survey. The survey made, keeping in mind all classes of people such as business persons, farmers, house wives, workers, students, employees and educationalists. The survey is also made, keeping in mind people of low class, middle class and high class. All the survey is made in the town of Bhimavaram as it has all types of people and business practices. The survey is made in eight different localities of Bhimavaram to meet the overall objectives of the present work. The Primary Data is collected by the MBA students of 200911 Batch of Shri Vishnu Engineering College for Women, Bhimavaram. Out of 2131 people, nearly 500 high class people, 1000 middle class people and 500 low class people in the society are taken into consideration. With the help of the faculty and the students of MBA, a questionnaire is framed after detailed discussions to get holistic understanding of subject. In this paper, the eight localities are merged into one and taken as a whole for study and also for hypothesis testing and analysis of variance, we consider all the eight localities. The Secondary Data is collected from various magazines, news papers and internet websites on different aspects of mobile phone utilization. After collecting the data from various sources, the data is subjected to verification, quantification and coding with referred coding keys. Then, the coded data is keyed into computer for data processing and analysis. The Statistical packages R, SPSS, MicrosoftExcel were used for calculation, percentage, frequency, distribution. In testing of hypothesis, we consider single proportion. In this the null hypothesis states that there is no significance difference between male and female mobile users against the alternative hypothesis there is a significant difference between the male and female mobile users and secondly for the network connection, the null hypothesis states that there is no significance difference between prepaid and postpaid connections against the alternative hypothesis there is a significant difference between the prepaid and postpaid connections. In analysis of variance, the null hypothesis states that there is no significance difference between various factors involved, against the alternative hypothesis there is a significant difference between various factors involved.
3. Analysis and Interpretation
Most of the mobile phone users are male, and the investigator claims that the maximum mobile users are male than female users which is verified by testing of hypothesis in which the number of male users is 1266 and the number of female users is 865. Thereby the total number of persons is 2131. The percentage of male and female users is also shown table (1.1).
International Journal of Computer Information Systems, Vol.3, No.6, 2011 The lions share of mobile users belongs to the age group of 20-40 irrespective of male and female users, namely employees and business people and the people of more than 60 years have negligible share in using the cell phone. From the point of view of occupation, business people, employees, others (students & house wives) are using the cell phone more than the farmers and workers. With regard to mobile companies, the lions share goes to brand A which is nearly 56.87 percent. Lowest share of 2.88 percent is owned by brand F. Considering the influence factor, others mentioned in the others column play a very important role. The people are less influenced by advertisement and price of the cell phone. They bought the cell phone as per their own discretion without being influenced by any other factor. Neighbors and friends have very little role in influencing these people to purchase the cell phone. Taking into account the battery back-up of cell phone, maximum number of cell phones satisfies the customers with cell phones having long lasting battery backup and comparatively very less number of persons are influenced by the cell phones with less battery backup. Regarding network of cell phone, Brand A is taking a leading role compared to the remaining brands with a percentage of about 35.36. Considering the network, the company which can provide minimum call cost for the maximum time is attracting the users very much. The selection by the user is made considering the call cost of the other networks. The percent of buyers with regard to this is 36.47. Friends, neighbors, advertisements and call cost, did not effect 39.24 percent of users. Regarding pre-paid and post-paid connection, uncompromisingly majority of mobile users are prepaid customers with a percentage of nearly 80. This also shows the awareness of people in selecting a suitable network. 45.23 percent of mobile users spend less than Rs.300/- per month where as 9.42 percent of mobile users spend more than Rs.1200/- per month. Regarding gender, the null hypothesis is rejected. That is, there is a significant difference between the male and female mobile users at 5% level of significance by hypothesis testing which shows in table (1.3) For the network connection, the null hypothesis is rejected. We conclude that there is a significant difference between the prepaid and postpaid connections at 5% level of significance by hypothesis testing which shows in table (1.3). Regarding the factors involved, the null hypothesis is rejected. We conclude that there is a significant difference between various factors involved which shows in table (1.4).
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TABLE ( 1.1)
Gender Male Female TOTAL Age <20 20-40 40-60 >60 TOTAL Occupation Business Employees Formers/Workers Others TOTAL Mobile company A B C D E F G TOTAL Influenced factors Friends/Neighbors Advertisements Cell cost Others TOTAL Battery backup Good Average Poor TOTAL
Frequency 1266 865 2131 Frequency 276 983 478 67 1804 Frequency 583 486 247 488 1804 Frequency 1026 184 84 156 92 52 210 1804 Frequency 414 272 264 854 1804 Frequency 1348 324 132 1804
Percentage 59.4 40.59 100
Networks A B C
Frequency 638 126 312 184 118 112 21 246 47 1804 Frequency 310 128 658 708 1804 Frequency 1439 365 1804 Frequency 816 504 314 170 1804
Percentage 35.36 6.98 17.29 10.19 6.54 6.2 1.16 13.63 2.6 99.95 Percentage 17.18 7.09 36.47 39.24 99.98 Percentage 79.76 20.23 99.99 Percentage 45.23 27.93 17.4 9.42 99.98
Percentage 15.29 54.49 26.49 3.71 99.98 Percentage 32.31 26.94 13.69 27.05 99.99 Percentage 56.87 10.19 4.65 8.64 5.09 2.88 11.64 99.96 Percentage 22.94 15.07 14.63 47.33 99.97 Percentage 74.72 17.96 7.31 99.99 postpaid Total Monthly expenditure <300 300-600 600-1200 >1200 TOTAL D E F G H I TOTAL Influenced factors Friends/Neighbors Advertisements Cc others TOTAL Connection prepaid
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TABLE ( 1.2) AGE <20= (X1) 80 20 18 18 33 36 36 Total 35 276 Occupation Business(X1) 156 66 51 43 41 79 80 Total A(X1) 244 115 61 71 76 142 182 135 Total 1026 67 583 Mobile company (X12) 59536 13225 3721 5041 5776 20164 33124 18225 158812 B(X2) 43 25 8 12 12 29 25 30 184 (X22) 1849 625 64 144 144 841 625 900 5192 C(X3) 14 9 12 12 9 6 14 8 84 (X32) 196 81 144 144 81 36 196 64 942 D(X4) 33 28 13 18 14 12 21 17 156 (X42) 1089 784 169 324 196 144 441 289 3436 E(X5) 25 17 9 6 6 9 9 11 92 (X52) 625 289 81 36 36 81 81 121 1350 F(X6) 11 6 2 2 3 14 3 11 52 (X62) 121 36 4 4 9 196 9 121 500 G(X7) 49 20 10 15 14 16 46 40 210 (X12) 24336 4356 2601 1849 1681 6241 6400 4489 51953 Employees(X2) 100 48 41 53 40 73 89 42 486 (X22) 10000 2304 1681 2809 1600 5329 7921 1764 33408 F/W(X3) 57 34 7 33 16 38 37 25 247 (X32) 3249 1156 49 1089 256 1444 1369 625 9237 Others(X4) 106 72 16 7 37 38 94 118 488 (X42) 11236 5184 256 49 1369 1444 8836 13924 42298 (X12) 6400 400 324 324 1089 1296 1296 1225 12354 20-40=(X2) 223 127 53 60 60 136 184 140 983 (X22) 49729 16129 2809 3600 3600 18496 33856 19600 147819 40-60 (X3) 105 65 37 52 37 49 69 64 478 (X32) 11025 4225 1369 2704 1369 2401 4761 4096 31950 >60=(X4) 11 8 7 6 4 7 11 13 67 (X42) 121 64 49 36 16 49 121 169 625
(X72)
2401 400 100 225 196 256 2116 1600 7294
Influenced factors F/N(X1) 90 54 17 20 9 30 133 61 Total 414 (X12) 8100 2916 289 400 81 900 17689 3721 34096 A(X2) 49 34 15 24 13 42 61 34 272 (X22) 2401 1156 225 576 169 1764 3721 1156 11168 CC (X3) 108 28 1 14 14 62 20 17 264 (X32) 11664 784 1 196 196 3844 400 289 17374 Others(X4) 172 104 82 78 98 94 86 140 854 (X42) 29584 10816 6724 6084 9604 8836 7396 19600 98644
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Battery backup Good(X1) 328 140 85 109 99 173 238 176 Total 1348 (X12) 107584 19600 7225 11881 9801 29929 56644 30976 273640 Average(X2) 63 70 10 19 22 42 40 58 324 (X22) 3969 4900 100 361 484 1764 1600 3364 16542 Poor(X3) 28 10 20 8 13 13 22 18 132 (X32) 784 100 400 64 169 169 484 324 2494
Net works A (X1) 151 69 41 51 42 89 115 80 638 (X12) 22801 4761 1681 2601 1764 7921 13225 6400 61154 B (X2) 34 10 9 9 9 20 17 18 126 (X22) 1156 100 81 81 81 400 289 324 2512 C (X3) 66 50 16 19 18 48 53 42 312 (X32) 4356 2500 256 361 324 2304 2809 1764 14674 D (X4) 41 30 18 16 18 11 27 23 184 (X42) 1681 900 324 256 324 121 729 529 4864 E (X5) 25 14 9 16 12 13 14 15 118 (X52) 625 196 81 256 144 169 196 225 1892 F (X6) 36 17 7 6 6 13 8 19 112 (X62) 1296 289 49 36 36 169 64 361 2300 G (X7) 8 0 2 2 2 0 3 4 21 (X7) 64 0 4 4 4 0 9 16 101 H (X8) 47 23 10 16 19 28 60 43 246 (X82) 2209 529 100 256 361 784 3600 1849 9688 I (X9 ) 11 7 3 1 8 6 3 8 47 (X92) 121 49 9 1 64 36 9 64 353
Influenced factors F/N (X1) 75 42 16 20 2 15 120 Total 20 310 Monthly expenditure <300(X1) 184 119 52 64 88 144 113 52 Total 816 (X12) 33856 14161 2704 4096 7744 20736 12769 2704 98770 300-600(X2) 114 70 42 45 58 75 75 25 504 (X22) 12996 4900 1764 2025 3364 5625 5625 625 36924 600-1200 (X3) 73 23 24 19 57 50 36 32 314 (X32) 5329 529 576 361 3249 2500 1296 1024 14864 >1200 (X4) 48 8 18 6 25 31 28 6 170 (X42) 2304 64 324 36 625 961 784 36 5134 (X12) 5625 1764 256 400 4 225 14400 400 23074 A(X2) 20 27 14 9 8 17 10 23 128 (X22) 400 729 196 81 64 289 100 529 2388 CC(X3) 197 54 17 19 48 131 84 108 658 (X32) 38809 2916 289 361 2304 17161 7056 11664 80560 Others(X4) 127 97 68 88 76 65 86 101 708 (X42) 16129 9409 4624 7744 5776 4225 7396 10201 65504
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TABLE 1. 3 Table Value of Z at 5% Level of Significance Test Statistic Computation
Item
Null Hypothesis HO: P = 5
Alternative Hypothesis H1:P 5
pP PQ n
Concl usion
Gender
There is no ignificance difference between Males and female Mobile phone users
There is a ignificance difference between Males and female Mobile phone users
1.96
Here total umber of users , n=2131 The number of male users =1266
8.54
Reject H0
Connectio n
There is no Significance difference between the prepaid and postpaid connection users
There is a Significance difference between the prepaid and postpaid connection users
1.96
In this n= 2131, and the number of Prepaid users are 1439
15.92 Reject H0
TABLE 1. 4
ANOVA TABLE degrees of freedom 3 28 31 3 28 31 6 49 55 3 28 31 2 21 23 8 63 71
Item
source of variance Between samples Within samples Total Between samples Within samples Total Between samples Within samples Total Between samples Within samples Total Between samples Within samples Total Between samples Within samples Total
Sum of Squares 57729.25 33318.25 91047.5 7704.25 27491.25 35195.5 88534.42857 30877.00003 119411.4286 28848.5 30733 59581.5 106837.3333 50238 157075.3333 35269.02778 17068.75 52337.77778
Mean Squares 19243.08333 1189.9375 20433.02083 2568.083333 981.8303571 3549.91369 14755.7381 630.1428578 15385.88096 9616.166667 1097.607143 10713.77381 53418.66665 2392.285714 55810.95236 4408.628473 270.9325397 4679.561013
Test Statistic F
Table Value at 5% L.O.S
Result
16.1715076
F(3,28) = 2.95
Reject H0
Age
2.615607996
F(3,28) = 2.95
Reject H0
Occupation
23.41649646
F(6,49) = 2.3
Reject H0
Mobile Company
8.761027776
F(3,28) = 2.95
Reject H0
Influence Factors
22.32955133
F(2,21) = 3.47
Reject H0
Battery Backup
16.27205236
F(8,63) = 2.1
Reject H0
Networks
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Between samples Within samples Influenced Factors Total Between samples Within samples Total 29138.5 40687 69825.5 29220.5 24771 53991.5 3 28 31 3 28 31 9712.833333 1453.107143 11165.94048 9740.166667 884.6785714 10624.84524 11.00983677 F(3,28) = 2.95 Reject H0 6.684182498 F(3,28) = 2.95 Reject H0
Monthly Expenditure
4.
CONCLUSIONS [1]
REFERENCES
Gangadhar [Link] and Santosh [Link](2006)-Impact of Mobile Phone usage on academic Environment:A Study from Management Perspective.(Vol.2No.3 Oct 2006 Issue of Journal of Global Economy, Mumbai). Fraunholz B and unnithan C (2004) critical success factors in mobile communication:A comparative roadmap for germony and india international journal of mobile communication,Vol.2.,[Link].87-101 Merisavo M,Vesanen J, Arpponen Aet al (2006),The Effectiveness of Targeted Mobile Advertising in Selling Mobile Services: An Empirical Study International Journel of Mobile Communications,Vol-4,No.2,PP.119-127. Singh Fulbag and Sharma Reema(2007),Cellular Services and Consumer Buying Behaviour in Amritsar City ,The IUP Journel of Consumer Behaviour ,Vol.2,No.3,PP.39-51. D. Estrin, R. Govindan, J. Heidemann, and S. Kumar, "Next century challenges: Scalable coordination in sensor networks", in Proceedings of ACM Mobicom, Seattle, Washington, USA, August 1999, pp 263-- 270, ACM. I.F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam and E. Cayirci, "A Survey on Sensor Networks", IEEE Communications Magazine, pp. 102--114, August 2002. D. Estrin, L. Girod, G. Pottie, M. Srivastava, Instrumenting the world with wireless sensor networks, In Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP 2001. L. M. S. D. Souza, H. Vogt and M. Beigl, A survey on fault tolerance in wireless sensor networks,2007. T.N. Srivastava, Shailaja Rego Statistics for Management Tata Mc Graw-Hill [10] Barry Render, Ralph M. Stair, JR, Michael. E. Hanna Quantitative analysis for Management Pearson education, 9th edition. Dr T S R Murthy & D S R Krishna Analysis of Cell phone usage using Correlation Techniques - IJWMN, volume 3, Number 2, April 2011
Cell phone is revolutionary. It is influencing the whole word right from a school going child to an age old man. But the utility of it varies from one age group to the other. Investigation has proved that majority of users are men. Business persons and employees are also using the cell phones more than the others. There is only one mobile company Brand-A which is selling the maximum number of cell phones and is far ahead of others. The people who are buying it are very intelligent and taking their own decisions in the choice of cell phones. The other factors like friends, neighbors, cell cost and advertisements are less influencing factors in the purchase of cell phones. People are also selecting network connections with different options in mind. People who are using cell phones are interested to have prepaid connection rather than post paid connection. Majority of people are more economical when compared to all other sectors of users. Only less percentage of these users spends more than Rs.1200/- per month. Generally the monthly expenditure of a cell phone user is less than Rs.300/Though the study is restricted to a particular town and the samples were known to interviewers closely. Another serious study is required with larger sample size so that important factors other than these may be found which influence the society to use mobiles so frequently. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors are thankful to the students of Shri Vishnu Engineering College for Women, 2009-2011 batch of MBA for their cooperation in collecting the data, and also thankful to their managements to provide necessary facilities.
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AUTHORS PROFILE
Dr. T.S.R. Murthy completed [Link]., (Statistics), Andhra University, Visakhapatnam and Ph.D. (Operations Research), Andhra University, Visakhapatnam and at present working as Professor of Mathematics at Shri Vishnu Engineering College for Women, Bhimavaram. He has nearly 20 years of teaching experience for [Link]., [Link], M.C.A., M.B.A., Pharmacy, etc., students. He is also handling classes for competitive examinations. T.S.R. Murthy has published several papers in reputed journals. He is also authoring some books. He is a life member of Indian Society of Technical Education. He is an active participant in various faculty development programs .
Dr. G. Subba Raju obtained his MBA (Marketing and Finance) from Sivaji University, Kolhapur and Ph.D. (Management), Andhra University, Visakhapatnam. At present, he is Professor and Head, Department of MBA at Shri Vishnu Engineering College for Women, Bhimavaram. He is also the coordinator for placement Cell. .He has 20 years of teaching experience as well as Industry experience. He has been teaching to the students of MBA, M.C.A, [Link]. and [Link]. He is coaching students for competitive examinations. Dr .G. Subba Raju has many national and international papers to his credit. He is a life member of Indian Society of Technical Education and Indian Commerce Association.
D. Siva Rama Krishna completed [Link]., (Pure Mathematics), Andhra University and [Link] (Pure Mathematics), Alagapa University and (Ph.D) pursuing and at present working as Asst. Professor of Mathematics at Swarnandhra Institute of Engineering & Technology, Narsapuram. He has nearly 12 years of teaching experience for [Link]., [Link], M.C.A., M.B.A., [Link] , etc., students. He research interests are in areas of Operations Research, Queueing Models, Orthomodular lattices. He is guiding students regarding academic matters. He counsels students regularly who are backward and motivates them to achieve their goals.
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