Class 9 Science Question Paper Pattern
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Diksha KumariClass 9 Science Question Paper Pattern
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Diksha KumariCommon questions
Powered by AIThe postulate of Dalton’s atomic theory that results from the law of conservation of mass is that atoms are indivisible particles that cannot be created or destroyed during chemical reactions. This embodies the principle that the total mass in a closed system remains constant despite the reactions occurring within the system .
Holding a heavy luggage on the head without movement leads to tiredness despite no mechanical work being done (because there’s no displacement) due to physiological work. Muscles exert force to maintain posture by constant tension, consuming energy in the form of ATP, which results in fatigue without producing displacement-based work .
In Kamal's experiment, the formation of a white precipitate demonstrates a chemical reaction wherein an insoluble compound, barium sulfate, is formed. This supports the law of conservation of mass, as the total mass of precipitate and remaining solution equals the mass of the initial reactants, indicating matter is neither created nor destroyed in the reaction process .
Heavy objects do not fall faster than light objects because the acceleration due to gravity is independent of the mass of the object. While gravitational force is proportional to mass, the acceleration it imparts (given by F = ma) is the same for all objects due to the fact that mass cancels out (g = F/m = GM/R^2).
To calculate the ratio of gold atoms to copper atoms in an ornament that contains 80% gold by mass, one must consider the atomic masses: gold (Au) is approximately 197 amu and copper (Cu) is approximately 63.5 amu. Assuming 100 grams total mass with 80 grams of gold and 20 grams of copper, the number of moles of gold is 80/197 = 0.406 and copper is 20/63.5 = 0.315. Thus, the ratio of gold to copper atoms is 0.406:0.315 or approximately 1.29:1 .
The initial velocity of the ball can be found using the time taken for the complete journey (up and down), which is 10 seconds. The time to reach the maximum height is half of the total time, 5 seconds. Using the formula v = u + at, where the final velocity v at the peak is 0, and acceleration a is -9.8 m/s² (negative due to gravity), the calculation is: 0 = u - 9.8 * 5, resulting in an initial velocity u = 49 m/s .
The principle of immunization involves introducing a vaccine, which contains an antigen derived from the pathogen, into the body to stimulate an immune response. The vaccine prepares the immune system to recognize and fight the pathogen without causing the disease. It creates memory cells that will respond more quickly and effectively if the body is exposed to the pathogen in the future .
In a school environment, precautions to reduce the spread of infectious diseases include frequent handwashing, using hand sanitizers, ensuring proper ventilation, regular cleaning of surfaces, promoting flu vaccinations, and enforcing policies to keep symptomatic children and staff at home. Educational campaigns on hygiene practices can also be effective .
Rutherford’s α-particle scattering experiment challenged the 'plum pudding' model of the atom by demonstrating that a small number of α-particles were deflected at large angles, which implied the presence of a dense, positively charged nucleus at the center of the atom. This led to the conclusion that most of the atom's mass and positive charge is concentrated in a small region, contrary to the then-accepted idea of a uniformly distributed mass .
The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of its atoms. For example, the atomic number of hydrogen is 1, and for carbon, it is 6. The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. For instance, an atom of sodium has a mass number of 23 with 11 protons and 12 neutrons in its nucleus .
