FEDERAL COLLEGE OF ANIMAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTION

TECHNOLOGY, IBADAN.

MOOR PLANTATION, P.M.B 5029, IBADAN, OYO STATE,

NIGERIA.

PRESENTATION ON

COURSE: COMPUTER AND SOCIETY

TOPIC: COMPUTER AND SECURITY

SUB-TOPIC: IMPACT OF COMPUTER AND SECURITY ON

NETWORK SECURITY

GROUP 4

MATRIC NUMBER: NDCOM/DPT/22/043

NAME: SHOWOLE OLAMILEKAN FAVOUR

LECTURER: MRS. ADEWALE

 INTRODUCTION

The internet has revolutionized the modern world. Gone are the days of bulky desktop
computers and limited access to information. Today, thanks to the relentless advancement of
computer network technology, we hold the power of the world's knowledge in our pockets.
Mobile devices allow us to retrieve information efficiently, connect with loved ones
instantaneously, and conduct transactions seamlessly – all while transcending geographical
boundaries. However, this very convenience and accessibility come at a price: a heightened
vulnerability to cyber threats. As internet technology becomes intricately woven into the
fabric of our lives, from communication and finance to healthcare and entertainment, its
inherent openness creates a landscape ripe for exploitation by malicious actors. This essay
will explore the major security risks associated with internet technology and discuss
potential solutions to mitigate these dangers.

The most immediate security threat posed by the internet is the proliferation of malware.
This umbrella term encompasses malicious software programs designed to disrupt, damage,
or steal data from a computer system. Malware can take various forms, including viruses,
worms, Trojans, and spyware. Viruses, like biological ones, replicate themselves and spread
from one device to another, often through infected attachments or malicious websites.
Worms exploit network vulnerabilities to self-propagate and can quickly disable entire
systems. Trojans, disguised as legitimate software, trick users into installing them, granting
unauthorized access to attackers. Spyware silently runs in the background, gathering
sensitive information such as passwords and financial data.

These malicious programs can have devastating consequences. They can disrupt critical
infrastructure, cripple businesses, and cause significant financial losses. In 2021, for
instance, a ransomware attack on Colonial Pipeline, a major fuel pipeline operator in the
United States, forced a temporary shutdown, leading to fuel shortages and price hikes.
Furthermore, malware can be used for identity theft, a crime where personal information is
stolen and used for fraudulent purposes. This can damage an individual's credit score, lead
to financial losses, and cause immense stress.

Beyond malware, another significant security risk is phishing. Phishing scams involve
deceptive emails or messages designed to trick users into revealing sensitive information
such as usernames, passwords, or credit card details. These messages often appear to be
from legitimate sources like banks, social media platforms, or even trusted friends. Clicking
on malicious links embedded in these messages can lead to fake websites designed to steal
user credentials. Phishing attacks can be highly sophisticated, with scammers employing
social engineering techniques to manipulate victims into trusting their legitimacy. The
consequences of falling prey to a phishing scam can be severe, leading to compromised
accounts, financial losses, and even identity theft.

The very nature of the internet, its interconnectedness and reliance on open protocols,
creates vulnerabilities that can be exploited by hackers. Hackers are individuals with
advanced technical knowledge who gain unauthorized access to computer systems or
networks. Their motives can range from stealing data to causing disruptions or simply
demonstrating their skills. Hackers exploit software vulnerabilities, weak passwords, and
unsecured networks to gain access to systems. Once inside, they can steal sensitive
information, install malware, or disrupt operations. High-profile hacks targeting government
agencies, critical infrastructure, and major corporations have become a concerning trend,
highlighting the increasing sophistication of cyber-attacks.

The growing reliance on cloud computing also presents a unique set of security challenges.
Cloud computing involves storing data and applications on remote servers accessed over the
internet. While convenient and scalable, cloud-based systems introduce a single point of
failure. If a cloud service provider's security is breached, a vast amount of user data can be
compromised. Additionally, the transfer and storage of sensitive data on third-party servers
raise concerns about privacy and control.

The pervasiveness of social media further complicates the security landscape. Social media
platforms are treasure troves of personal information, making them attractive targets for
attackers. Malicious actors can exploit these platforms to spread malware, launch phishing
attacks, or gather intelligence for targeted attacks. Additionally, the constant sharing of
personal information on social media can make individuals more vulnerable to identity theft
and social engineering attacks.

Combating these security risks requires a multi-pronged approach. Individual vigilance is

paramount. Users need to be cautious about the information they share online, exercise
strong password hygiene, and be wary of suspicious emails or messages. Security software
plays a crucial role in protecting against malware and phishing attacks. Antivirus programs,
firewalls, and anti-spyware software should be kept up-to-date to ensure optimal protection.

Organizations have a responsibility to prioritize cyber security. This includes implementing

robust security policies, regularly patching software vulnerabilities, and conducting
employee training programs on cyberthreats. Businesses should also consider investing in
advanced security solutions such as intrusion detection systems and data encryption
technologies.

Governments need to play a proactive role in establishing a secure digital environment.

This could involve enacting stricter data privacy regulations, fostering collaboration
between public and private sector entities on cyberhreats.

COMPUTER SECURITY: Computer security, also referred to as cybersecurity, digital

security, or IT security, is a vast field encompassing the protection of computer systems and
networks from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction.
It's essentially a never-ending battle against malicious actors who constantly develop new
methods to exploit vulnerabilities.

Computer Security can specialize in different areas within the field of networks, including

Network Security and End-User Security :

1. Network Security: Focuses on securing computer networks and the devices connected to

them. Network security professionals design, implement, and manage security measures to

protect against unauthorized access, intrusion attempts, and malicious traffic.

Network Security computer security

2. End-User Security: Educates and empowers users to protect themselves from

cyberthreats. End-user security professionals create security awareness programs, train users

on best practices, and provide guidance on identifying and avoiding phishing attacks,

malware, and social engineering scams.

NETWORK SECURITY

What is Network: Network can be defined as a large system consisting of many similar
parts that are connected together to allow movement or communication between or along
the parts or between the parts and a control centre.
What is security: Potection of a person or thing against foreign attacks.

Network security is the protection of the underlying networking infrastructure from

unauthorized access, misuse, or theft. It involves creating a secure infrastructure for devices,
applications, users, and applications to work in a secure manner. Network security, at its
core, encompasses a comprehensive set of practices, technologies, and processes designed
to protect computer networks and devices from a multitude of threats. It's a multi-layered
defense strategy aimed at achieving three primary objectives:

 Confidentiality: Ensuring that information remains accessible only to authorized

individuals. Sensitive data like financial records, medical information, and
intellectual property must be shielded from unauthorized eyes. Network security
 measures achieve this by implementing access controls, data encryption, and secure
communication protocols.
 Integrity: Guaranteeing that data and systems are not altered or corrupted without
permission. Malicious actors might attempt to modify data for fraudulent purposes or
disrupt critical systems. Network security safeguards against such attacks through
measures like intrusion detection systems, data validation techniques, and regular
backups.
 Availability: Making sure authorized users can access information and systems
whenever needed. Network security ensures that legitimate users are not denied
access due to cyberattacks or system failures. This involves implementing robust
network infrastructure, redundancy measures, and disaster recovery plans.

These foundational principles form the bedrock of a secure network environment. Network
security professionals leverage a wide array of tools and techniques to achieve these
objectives, constantly adapting to the ever-changing threat landscape.

Understanding the Fundamentals:

 CIA triad: This principle emphasizes the three core objectives of security:
Confidentiality (ensuring data privacy), Integrity (maintaining data accuracy), and
Availability (guaranteeing access to data and systems).
 Threats and vulnerabilities: Identify the different types of threats like malware,
phishing attacks, and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. Explore how vulnerabilities in
software, hardware, and network configurations create openings for these threats.
 Network Security Concepts: Learn about firewalls, intrusion detection/prevention
systems (IDS/IPS), and virtual private networks (VPNs) that form the backbone of
network security.

All the measures used to safeguard a computer network's integrity and the
data on it are collectively referred to as network security. Network security is crucial
because it protects sensitive data from online threats and guarantees the network's
dependability. Multiple security measures are used in successful network security
plans to shield users and organizations from malware and online threats like
distributed denial of service.
Computers, servers, wireless networks, and other associated devices make up a
network. Many of these gadgets are open to possible intruders. Utilizing a range of
hardware and software tools on a network or as software as a service is necessary for
network security. As networks get increasingly complicated and businesses rely more
on their networks and data to operate, security becomes more crucial. As threat actors
develop new ways to target these more complex networks, security techniques must
change.

Security is typically described as everyone's duty since every user on the network
represents a potential vulnerability in that network, regardless of the exact method or
business security plan.

What is the difference between computer security and network security

Network security is a part of cyber security, which is a more general phrase. All of an
organization's digital data is shielded from cyberattacks through cybersecurity.
Network security only protects the network and the data being sent across it, while
Computer security deals with protecting your physical computers, laptops, and other
devices.

To protect your information, your network security system must include the
following components:

 Firewalls

 Anti-virus software

 Intrusion detection systems (IDS)

 Intrusion prevention systems (IPS)

Aspects of Network Security

Following are the desirable properties to achieve secure communication:

  Privacy: Privacy means both the sender and the receiver expects confidentiality. The
transmitted message should be sent only to the intended receiver while the message
should be opaque for other users. Only the sender and receiver should be able to
understand the transmitted message as eavesdroppers can intercept the message.
Therefore, there is a requirement to encrypt the message so that the message cannot
be intercepted. This aspect of confidentiality is commonly used to achieve secure
communication.
 Message Integrity: Data integrity means that the data must arrive at the receiver
exactly as it was sent. There must be no changes in the data content during
transmission, either maliciously or accident, in a transit. As there are more and more
monetary exchanges over the internet, data integrity is more crucial. The data
integrity must be preserved for secure communication.
 End-point authentication: Authentication means that the receiver is sure of the
sender’s identity, i.e., no imposter has sent the message.
 Non-Repudiation: Non-Repudiation means that the receiver must be able to prove
that the received message has come from a specific sender. The sender must not deny
sending a message that he or she send. The burden of proving the identity comes on
the receiver. For example, if a customer sends a request to transfer the money from
one account to another account, then the bank must have a proof that the customer
has requested for the transaction.

Impact of Computer in Network Security

Computers are a double-edged sword when it comes to network security. They provide the
foundation for security tools and protocols, but also introduce vulnerabilities that attackers
can exploit. Here's a breakdown of the impact of computers on network security:
1. Increased Attack Surface:

 From Standalone to Interconnected: Prior to widespread computer use, systems

were often isolated, limiting the potential for attacks. With computers becoming
networked, a vast and interconnected digital landscape emerged, creating a multitude
of entry points for malicious actors.
 Standardized Software: The rise of standardized operating systems and widely
distributed applications introduced a single point of failure. A vulnerability in a
popular operating system or application could potentially affect millions of devices,
making them susceptible to large-scale attacks.

2. New Threat Landscape:

 Remote Access: The ability to access computers remotely opened doors for
unauthorized access. Hackers could exploit vulnerabilities from anywhere in the
world, bypassing physical security measures.
 Malicious Software: The ease of developing and distributing malware programs
skyrocketed with the rise of computers. Viruses, worms, and other malicious software
could spread rapidly across networks, causing significant damage.
 Increased Value of Data: As computers became more sophisticated, the value of the
data they stored grew exponentially. This attracted malicious actors seeking to steal
sensitive information for financial gain or disrupt critical infrastructure.

3. Evolving Security Measures:

 Network Security Focus: The growing need to secure interconnected networks led
to the development of network security solutions like firewalls, intrusion detection
systems, and access controls. These measures focused on filtering traffic, identifying
suspicious activity, and restricting access to authorized users.
 Focus on Software Security: Software development methodologies incorporated
security best practices to identify and address vulnerabilities early in the development
lifecycle. Patch management became crucial to ensure that software is kept up-to-
date and secure.
  Cybersecurity Industry: The growing threat landscape fueled the development of a
dedicated cybersecurity industry. This industry provides a range of solutions and
services to help organizations protect their networks and data.

4. Shifting User Behavior:

 Security Awareness: User education and awareness training became crucial to

combat social engineering attacks and phishing scams. Empowering users to identify
and avoid cyber threats became a vital element of network security strategies.
 Shared Responsibility: As technology evolves, the responsibility for cybersecurity
extends beyond IT professionals and organizations. Individuals also have a role to
play in protecting their own devices and data.

5. Continuous Evolution:

The impact of computers on network security is a continuous process. As computing power

increases and new technologies emerge, so do the threats and vulnerabilities. The field of
network security is constantly evolving, adapting to new challenges and developing
innovative solutions to protect our interconnected digital world.

COMPUTER SOFTWARE USED IN NETWORK SECURITY

Network security relies on a diverse arsenal of software tools to combat ever-evolving
threats. Here's a breakdown of some of the most common and essential software used in
network security:
Core Security Software:

 Firewalls: These digital gatekeepers act as the first line of defense, filtering
incoming and outgoing traffic based on predefined security rules. Firewalls can block
unauthorized access attempts, malicious traffic, and certain types of content.
Examples include Cisco Firewall, pfSense (open-source option), Palo Alto Networks
Firewalls.
 Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDS/IPS): These systems
continuously monitor network traffic for suspicious activity. IDS systems detect and
alert security personnel of potential threats, while IPS systems can take automated
actions to block attacks in progress. Examples include Snort (open-source option),
Cisco Security IPS, AlienVault USM Anywhere.
 Antivirus and Anti-malware Software: These programs scan devices for malware
infections, quarantine threats, and prevent malware execution. Popular examples
include Bitdefender Antivirus, Kaspersky Endpoint Security, Malwarebytes.

Advanced Security Tools:

 Vulnerability Scanners: These tools identify weaknesses and misconfigurations in

software and systems, allowing security teams to prioritize and patch vulnerabilities.
Examples include Nessus by Tenable, OpenVAS (open-source option), Acunetix
Vulnerability Scanner.
 Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR): These tools provide continuous
monitoring and analysis of endpoint devices (laptops, desktops, mobile devices) for
suspicious activity, allowing for faster detection and response to threats. Examples
include CrowdStrike Falcon Insight, McAfee Endpoint Security, SentinelOne
Singularity XDR.
 Security Information and Event Management (SIEM): SIEM systems aggregate
and analyze security data from various sources (firewalls, IDS/IPS, endpoint
security) to identify potential threats and provide a holistic view of the security
 posture. Examples include Splunk Security SIEM, Elastic SIEM & Logstash,
ArcSight ESM by Micro Focus.

Encryption Software:

 Data Encryption Software: These tools encrypt data at rest (stored on devices) and
in transit (traveling across networks) to protect sensitive information in case of a
security breach. Popular options include AES 256 encryption supported by various
software and hardware solutions.
 Disk Encryption Software: Encrypts entire hard drives or storage devices to protect
all data stored on them. Examples include BitLocker (Windows), FileVault (Mac),
VeraCrypt (open-source).

Additional Tools:

 Web Application Firewalls (WAFs): These specialized firewalls focus on securing

web applications and APIs from attacks like SQL injection and cross-site scripting
(XSS). Examples include Imperva WAF, Barracuda WAF, Cloudflare WAF.
 Network Traffic Analysis (NTA) Tools: These tools provide deep insights into
network traffic patterns, helping to identify unusual activity or potential threats.
Examples include Wireshark (open-source option), SolarWinds Network
Performance Monitor (NPM), ManageEngine NetFlow Analyzer.
 Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR) Platforms: SOAR
platforms automate security tasks and workflows, allowing security teams to respond
to threats more efficiently. Examples include McAfee SOAR Platform, Palo Alto
Networks Cortex XSOAR, Demisto by Palo Alto Networks.

Network Security Measures: Following measures are to be taken to secure the network :

• A strong firewall and proxy to be used to keep unwanted people out.

• A strong Antivirus software package and Internet Security Software package should be
installed.

• For authentication, use strong passwords and change it on a weekly/bi-weekly basis.

• When using a wireless connection, use a robust password.

• Employees should be cautious about physical security.

• Prepare a network analyzer or network monitor and use it when needed.

• Implementation of physical security measures like closed circuit television for entry areas
and restricted zones.

• Security barriers to restrict the organization's perimeter.

• Fire asphyxiators can be used for fire-sensitive areas like server rooms and security rooms.

ADVANTAGES OF NETWORK SECURITY

In today's digital age, where our lives and businesses are increasingly reliant on
interconnected networks, network security emerges as an essential shield. Here's a deep dive
into the numerous advantages of implementing robust network security measures:

Safeguards Confidential Information: Network security protects sensitive data from

unauthorized access, disclosure, or theft. This includes financial records, medical
information, intellectual property, and personal data. Strong encryption and access controls
ensure that only authorized users can access confidential information.
1. Preserves Data Integrity: Malicious actors might attempt to modify or corrupt data for
fraudulent purposes or disrupt critical systems. Network security measures like intrusion
detection systems, data validation techniques, and regular backups help to maintain the
accuracy and consistency of data.

2. Ensures System Availability: Authorized users require uninterrupted access to

information and systems to perform their tasks effectively. Network security safeguards
against cyberattacks and system failures that could render systems unavailable. This
involves implementing robust network infrastructure, redundancy measures, and disaster
recovery plans.

3. Boosts Business Continuity: Network security is crucial for ensuring business continuity
in the face of cyber threats. By preventing disruptions and data breaches, organizations can
maintain their operational efficiency and minimize downtime.

4. Enhances Customer Trust: Consumers are increasingly concerned about data privacy
and security. Implementing strong network security measures demonstrates an
organization's commitment to protecting customer data and builds trust.

5. Maintains Regulatory Compliance: Many industries have specific data security

regulations that organizations must adhere to. Network security helps organizations meet
these compliance requirements and avoid hefty fines or penalties.

6. Reduces Financial Losses: Cyberattacks can result in significant financial losses due to
data breaches, extortion, and business disruptions. Implementing network security helps to
minimize these financial risks.
7. Protects Reputation: A successful cyberattack can damage an organization's reputation
and erode customer trust. Network security helps to safeguard an organization's brand
image.

8. Improves Employee Productivity: When employees feel confident that their data and
systems are secure, they can focus on their work without worrying about cyber threats. This
can lead to increased productivity and morale.

DISADVANTAGES OF NETWORK SECURITY

Network security, while undeniably crucial, isn't without its drawbacks. Here's a breakdown
of some potential disadvantages to consider:

Cost: Implementing and maintaining robust network security measures can be expensive.
This includes the cost of purchasing software licenses, hiring qualified security personnel,
and keeping systems up-to-date. For smaller organizations with limited budgets, achieving a
comprehensive security posture can be a challenge.

1. Complexity: Network security solutions can be complex to configure and manage,

requiring specialized skills and knowledge. Organizations might need to invest in training
for IT staff or hire security professionals to manage their security infrastructure effectively.

2. False Sense of Security: Implementing security measures can lead to a false sense of
security, potentially causing users to be less vigilant. It's important to remember that no
security system is foolproof, and a layered approach with user awareness training is crucial.

3. Inconvenience to Users: Some security measures, like strong password requirements or

multi-factor authentication, can add an extra layer of complexity to accessing systems and
information. This can be inconvenient for users who may find these measures time-
consuming or disruptive to their workflow.

4. Privacy Concerns: Some network security tools, such as web filtering or network traffic
monitoring, can raise privacy concerns. Organizations need to strike a balance between
security and user privacy, ensuring that security measures are implemented transparently
and comply with relevant data privacy regulations.

5. Limited Effectiveness Against Insider Threats: Network security measures are

primarily designed to defend against external threats. Malicious or negligent actions by
authorized users (insider threats) can still compromise security, highlighting the importance
of robust access controls and user training.

6. Impact on System Performance: Resource-intensive security software can slow down

system performance, particularly on older or less powerful devices. Balancing security with
performance optimization is crucial to ensure a smooth user experience.

7. Difficulties in Measuring ROI: Quantifying the return on investment (ROI) for network
security can be challenging. Security measures often act as a preventative measure, and it's
difficult to measure the number of attacks they prevent. However, the potential financial and
reputational damage from a successful cyberattack can be significant, making network
security a valuable investment.

8. Skilled Workforce Shortage: The cybersecurity industry faces a shortage of qualified

professionals. This can make it difficult for organizations to find and retain skilled personnel
to manage their network security effectively.

9. Evolving Threat Landscape: Cyber threats are constantly evolving, and new
vulnerabilities emerge regularly. Network security requires continuous adaptation and
investment in keeping defenses up-to-date to address the latest threats.

USES OF NETWORK SECURITY

Network security plays a vital role in safeguarding your devices, data, and overallnetwork
functionality. Here are some key uses of network security:

 Protection from breaches and intrusions: Network security acts as a shield against
unauthorized access attempts, malware infiltration, and other cyber threats. It
implements measures to identify and prevent these threats from compromising your
network's integrity.

 Data security: Network security ensures the confidentiality and privacy of sensitive
information flowing through your network. This includes encrypting data in transit
and at rest, preventing unauthorized access to databases and servers, and
safeguarding user credentials.

 Access control: Network security establishes protocols to control who can access
specific resources on your network. This involves user authentication, authorization
levels, and access restrictions to prevent unauthorized users or devices from
accessing sensitive data or applications.

 Maintaining network performance: By filtering unwanted traffic and preventing

malicious activities, network security helps optimize network performance. This
ensures smooth operation for legitimate users and applications on the network.

 Compliance with regulations: Many industries have data privacy regulations that
require organizations to implement appropriate security measures. Network security
helps ensure compliance with these regulations by protecting sensitive user data.

 Improved business continuity: Robust network security reduces the risk of

downtime caused by cyberattacks. This translates to better business continuity and
minimizes potential financial losses from network disruptions.

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, network security is the cornerstone of a secure digital world. It is the shield
that protects our privacy, the guardian of our data, and the foundation for trust in the online
realm. By understanding the challenges and embracing the advantages, we can navigate the
ever-changing threat landscape and build a more secure digital future for all. Remember, in
the ongoing battle against cybercrime, vigilance and collective action are our most potent
weapons. Let us continue to fortify our digital defenses, ensuring that the interconnected
world remains a space of opportunity, innovation, and progress.

The digital age has woven a complex tapestry of interconnected networks, revolutionizing
how we live, work, and interact. However, this very reliance on these virtual arteries
introduces a constant threat: cyberattacks. Network security emerges as the essential shield,
safeguarding the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of information flowing through
this digital lifeblood.

This exploration has delved into the multifaceted world of network security, unpacking its
core principles – confidentiality, integrity, and availability – and highlighting the ever-
evolving threatscape. We've navigated the treacherous waters of malware, phishing scams,
hacking attempts, and denial-of-service attacks, all under the ever-watchful eye of network
security measures.

The arsenal we employ to combat these threats is vast and ever-evolving. From the
gatekeeping prowess of firewalls to the watchful vigilance of intrusion detection systems,
we've explored the essential software tools that form the backbone of a secure network
environment. Encryption safeguards sensitive data, while access controls ensure only
authorized users can access critical systems.

The advantages of robust network security are undeniable. It protects sensitive information,
maintains data integrity, and ensures authorized users have uninterrupted access to the
resources they need. Network security fosters business continuity, builds customer trust, and
helps organizations navigate the labyrinthine world of regulatory compliance. It minimizes
financial losses, safeguards reputations, and empowers employees to focus on their work
without fear of cyber threats. In today's competitive landscape, a strong security posture can
even provide an edge, attracting customers and partners who value a secure environment.

However, the path to network security is not without its challenges. Implementing and
maintaining robust measures can be a costly endeavor, and the complexity of these solutions
can necessitate specialized skills and ongoing training. Striking a balance between security
and user experience is crucial, ensuring that security measures don't become an impediment
to productivity. Network security can lull users into a false sense of security, highlighting
the importance of ongoing user awareness training. Additionally, network security measures
are primarily designed to defend against external threats, and insider threats pose a
persistent risk.

The ever-evolving threat landscape demands constant vigilance. New vulnerabilities emerge
regularly, and the skilled workforce needed to combat these threats is often stretched thin.
The true value of network security can be challenging to quantify, but the potential
consequences of a successful cyberattack – financial losses, reputational damage, and
operational disruption – can be devastating.

The future of network security lies in continuous adaptation. As technology advances and
new threats emerge, we must constantly refine our strategies, invest in innovative solutions,
and foster a culture of cybersecurity awareness. Network security is not a one-time fix; it's
an ongoing process that requires collaboration between individuals, organizations, and
governments.

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