ID : id-8-Data-Handling-Probability-Statistics [1]

Grade 8
Data Handling-Probability Statistics
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Answer the questions

(1) Bayu is getting ready for his office. He has 7 pair of green socks and 12 pair of white socks. he reaches
into the cupboard and picks up a green sock Without looking. What is the probability that the next sock
he pulls out will be of same color?
(2) Jonathan is participating in a race. The probability that he will come first in the race is 0.3. The
probability that he will come second in the race is 0.2. The probability that he will come in 3rd is 0.4, and
the probability that he will be 4th is 0.1. What is the probability that he will come in 2nd position or better
in the race?
(3) From a deck of cards, Angga withdrew a card randomly. What is the probability that the number on the
card is a composite number?
(4) Adit throws a dice. What is the probability that he will roll a number less than 3?
(5) Renaldi tosses a die and a coin. What is the probability that he gets a 2 on the die and a head on the
coin?
(6) A group of students from a Swedish school are selected for a study. The color of the eyes of the
students are noted as below:
Color of Eyes Number of Students
brown 11
grey 4
blue 8
black 7
green 3

What is the probability that the color of a student's eyes, chosen randomly, is brown?

(7) From a deck of cards, Dewi randomly withdraws a card. What is the probability that the card is a black
face card (one of king, queen, or jack)?
(8) What is the probability that a leap year will contain 53 Tuesdays?
(9) Haliim draws one card from a shuffled deck of 52 cards. What is the probability that he drew a spade or
a 10?
(10) In 2008, the meteorological office predicted the weathers completely right for the months of february
and april, and completely wrong for all the other months. What is the probability that the forecast was
right for a given day that year?
(11) There are a total of 16 chocolates - 4 each in the flavors of orange, grape, strawberry and banana.
There are also 5 children. If each child is allowed to choose their own favorite flavor, what is the
probability that all of them will get flavors of their choice?

(12) Assume you toss a die 3 times. What is the probability that you will get exactly one "6" in the 3 tosses?
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 ID : id-8-Data-Handling-Probability-Statistics [2]
(13) While running late for school, Rafi picks up a fruit from the fruit basket that have the following fruits.
What is the probability that Rafi picked a pomegranate?

(14) The given figure shows some fruits in a basket. Syifa is getting late for school and just picks up a fruit
from the basket without looking at it. Which fruit is most likely to be picked?

Choose correct answer(s) from the given choices

50
(15) If an event will occur with a probability of then we can say that it is:
74
a. less likely to occur b. cannot occur
c. likely to occur d. will always occur

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 ID : id-8-Data-Handling-Probability-Statistics [3]

Answers

13
(1)
37

Step 1
According t the question, Bayu has 7 pair of green socks and 12 pair of white socks.
Total number of socks = 38
Number of socks after picking up a green sock = 37
Number of green socks = 14
Number of white socks = 24

Step 2
Probability that the next sock Bayu pulls out will be of the same color =
Number of green socks after picks a green sock
Number of socks after picking up a green sock
13
=
37

Step 3
13
Hence, the probability that the next sock Bayu pulls out will be of the same color is .
37

(2) 0.5

Step 1
We are looking for the probability that he will come 2nd or better in the race
This is the probability that he will either win the race or be 2nd
Since he can be first or second, the probabilities can be added

Step 2
The probability that he will be first is 0.3
The probability that he will be in second place is 0.2

Step 3
Adding them, we get 0.3 + 0.2 = 0.5

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 ID : id-8-Data-Handling-Probability-Statistics [4]

20
(3)
52

Step 1
According to the question, Angga randomly withdrew a card from the deck of cards.
Total number of cards in the deck = 52
Composite numbered cards in the deck = {(4, 6, 8, 9, 10) = Clubs,
(4, 6, 8, 9, 10) = Diamonds,
(4, 6, 8, 9, 10) = Hearts,
(4, 6, 8, 9, 10) = Spades}
Total composite cards = 20

Step 2
Probability that the number on the card is a composite number =
Total composite cards in the deck
Total number of cards in the deck
20
=
52

Step 3
20
Hence, the probability that the number on the card is a composite number = .
52

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 ID : id-8-Data-Handling-Probability-Statistics [5]

2
(4)
6

Step 1
Let us assume that S, E, and P are the sample space, event and probability of getting a number
less than 3 by throwing a dice, respectively.
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6}
E ={1, 2}

Step 2
n(E)
P(E) =
n(S)
(Since, P(E) is the probability of getting an event E, n(E) is the number of elements in the event E
and n(S) is the number of elements in the sample space S )
2
P(E) =
6

Step 3
2
Hence, the probability that Adit will roll a number less than 3 is .
6

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 ID : id-8-Data-Handling-Probability-Statistics [6]

1
(5)
12

Step 1
Let us assume that S, E, and P are the sample space, event, and probability that Renaldi gets a 2
on the die and a head from the coin toss, respectively.

S = { (1, T), (2, T), (3, T), (4, T), (5, T), (6, T)
(1, H), (2, H), (3, H), (4, H), (5, H), (6, H) }

E = { (2 , H) }

Step 2
n(E)
P(E) =
n(S)
(Since, P(E) is the probability of getting an event E, n(E) is the number of elements in the event E,
and n(S) is the number of elements in the sample space S. )
1
P(E) =
12

Step 3
1
Hence, the probability that Renaldi gets a 2 on the die and a head from the coin toss is .
12

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 ID : id-8-Data-Handling-Probability-Statistics [7]

11
(6)
33

Step 1
If we look at the question carefully, we notice that the color of the eyes of the students are noted
as below:
Color of Eyes Number of Students
brown 11
grey 4
blue 8
black 7
green 3

Total number of students = 11 + 4 + 8 + 7 + 3 = 33

Number of students with brown eyes = 11
Probability that the color of the student's eyes chosen randomly is green =
Number of students with brown eyes
Total number of students
11
=
33

Step 2
11
Hence, the probability that the color of the student's eyes, chosen randomly, is green = .
33

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 ID : id-8-Data-Handling-Probability-Statistics [8]

3
(7)
26

Step 1
We know that Dewi randomly withdrew a card from a deck of cards.
Total number of cards in the deck = 52 cards
Number of black face cards in the deck = 6 cards

Step 2
Number of black face cards
Probability that the card is a black face card =
Total number of cards
6
=
52
3
=
26

Step 3
3
Hence, the probability that the card is a black face card is .
26

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 ID : id-8-Data-Handling-Probability-Statistics [9]

2
(8)
7

Step 1
There are 366 days in a leap year.

Step 2
If we divide 366 by 7 (since there are seven days in a week), we will get a quotient of 52 and a
remainder of 2.
This means that a leap year will have 52 Sundays, 52 Mondays, 52 Tuesdays, 52 Wednesdays, 52
Thursdays, 52 Fridays and 52 Saturdays.
Apart from these there will be two other days.

Step 3
The two days could be (Sunday, Monday), (Monday, Tuesday), (Tuesday, Wednesday),
(Wednesday, Thursday), (Thursday, Friday), (Friday, Saturday) or (Saturday, Sunday) - a total of
seven combinations.

Step 4
Out of these seven combinations, two of them have a Tuesday.

Step 5
2
So, the probability that either of those two days will be a Tuesday is .
7

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 ID : id-8-Data-Handling-Probability-Statistics [10]

4
(9)
13

Step 1
We know that there are 52 cards in a deck out of which 13 cards are of spade.
13 1
The probability that he drew a spade is = .
52 4

Step 2
4 1
There are 4 cards of 10 in a deck. So, the probability that he drew a 10 is = .
52 13

Step 3
We need to add these two probabilities as we are asked for the probability of getting a spade or a
10.
1 1 17
This gives us + = .
4 13 52

Step 4
But,there is another thing to keep track of. In our list, we have counted the 10 of spade twice,
- once as a spade in the first component of the sum above,
- and second as a 10 in the second component above.
We should only count it once, so we remove one of the times we count it.
1
The probability of a specific card being chosen is , so we subtract that to get the result.
52

Step 5
17 1 4
The probability that he drew a spade or a 10 = - = .
52 52 13

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 ID : id-8-Data-Handling-Probability-Statistics [11]

59
(10)
366

Step 1
The key thing to note here is that 2008 is a leap year
A leap year has 366 days

Step 2
Now we need to figure out the number of days in february and april
february has 29 days and april has 30 days

Step 3
Adding them together we get 29 + 30 = 59 days

Step 4
So the forecast was right for 59 days and wrong for 307 days

Step 5
59
The probability that the forecast was right on a given day would therefore be
366

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 ID : id-8-Data-Handling-Probability-Statistics [12]

255
(11)
256

Step 1
There are 5 children. They each have some favourite flavor from among orange, grape, strawberry
and banana. Each child's favourite could be any one of the 4 choices
The possible combinations of flavors they like = 4 x 4 x 4 x 4 x 4 = 1024

Step 2
Let's now consider the options where even one child, no matter what his or her favourite flavour is,
does not get his or her choice
Now there are 4 flavors in each choice, and 5 children.
The only way for a child not to get his or her favourite is if all 5 children choose the same flavor.
This is because if even one child chooses some other flavor from the rest, the other 4 children
could get their favourite, no matter what they choose

Step 3
The cases where some child might not get his or her choice is therefore when they all choose the
same flavor
Since there are 4 flavors, this can happen in 4 cases
4
So the probability that a child does not get his or her flavor =
1024

Step 4
4 255
Therefore the probability that all children get their choice = 1 - =
1024 256

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 ID : id-8-Data-Handling-Probability-Statistics [13]

75
(12)
216

Step 1
According to the question, a die tosses 3 times
So, the Sample Space(S) is { (i, j, k): i, j, k = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }

Step 2
Total number of outcomes in sample space n(S) = 216

Step 3
Let E be the event that you will get exactly one "6" .
n(E) = 75

Step 4
n(E)
Probability, P(E) =
n(S)
75
=
216

Step 5
75
Therefore, the probability of getting exactly one "6" is .
216

9
(13)
27

Step 1
According to the question, there are 27 fruits in the basket out of which 9 are pomegranates.

Step 2
Number of pomegranates in the basket
Hence, the probability that Rafi picked a pomegranate =
Total number of fruits in the basket
9
=
27

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(14) Pear

Step 1
Total number of fruits in the basket = 12
Number of pears in the basket = 5
Number of pomegranates in the basket = 3
Number of mangoes in the basket = 4

Step 2
As, the number of pears is the maximum. Hence, pear is most likely to be picked from the basket.

(15) c. likely to occur

Step 1
If the probability of an event is greater than 50% then an event is likely to occur and if, the
probability of an event is less than 50% then an event is less likely to occur.

Step 2
50
According to the question, the probability of the event is
74
50
= × 100 %
74
= 67.57%.
Thus, we can say that the event is likely to occur.

Step 3
Hence, option c is the correct answer.

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