RC solid slab – Example 3: simply supported two-way slab

using the prescribed 1 m width in the design

Design a slab simply supported by beams at its four edges with the plan dimensions as shown
7500 Design data:
Permanent action = 1.2 kN/m2 (excluding self-weight)
Variable action = 2.5 kN/m2
Design life = 50 years
5000 Fire resistance = 90 minutes
Exposure class = XC1
Concrete class = C25
Steel strength = 500 N/mm2
RC density = 25 kN/m3
Bar diameter = 10 mm (assumed)
Slab thickness (h):

ly/lx = 7500/5000 = 1.5 < 2.0 → 2-way slab

Minimum thickness for fire = 120 mm (Table 5.8 EC2 pt. 1-2)
Estimated thickness: l/h = 25 (simply supported + 2-way) → h = 200 mm
➔ h = 200 mm (trial thickness – to be justify during design and deflection check)
Cover (durability, fire & bond requirements):

cmin (bond) = 10 mm (Table 4.2)

cmin (durability) = 15 mm (Table 4.4: XC1 + S4)
Min. axis distance for fire, a = 15mm (REI = 90) → cmin (fire) = 15 – 10/2 = 10 mm
→ cmin = 15 mm ➔ cnom = 15 + 10 = 25 mm (cdev = 10 mm)

Design action (loading):

Total charac. permanent action, gk = 25(0.2) + 1.2 = 6.20 kN/m2

Total charac. variable action, qk = 2.5 kN/m2
Design load, n = 1.35(6.2) + 1.5(2.5) = 12.12 kN/m2
Consider 1 m width of slab, w = 12.12 x 1 m = 12.12 kN/m2/m

Analysis:
Simply supported 2-way slab → Table 3.13 BS8110

Msx = sxnlx2 = 0.104 x 12.12 x 52 = 31.51 kNm/m (short span – primary)

Msy = synlx2 = 0.046 x 12.12 x 52 = 13.94 kNm/m (long span – secondary)
Bending reinf’t (main) design: As,min = max{0.26fctm(1000)(170)/500;
Effective depth 0.0013(1000)(170)}
dx = h – cnom – 0.5bar = 200 – 25 – 10/2 = 170 mm = max{229; 221} = 229 mm2/m
As,max = 0.04Ac = 0.04(1000)(200)
dy = h – cnom – 1.5bar = 200 – 25 – 10(1.5) = 160 mm
= 8000 mm2/m
Short span: Long span:
Msx = 31.5 kNm/m Msy = 13.94 kNm/m
K = 31.5x106/(1000x1702x25) K = 13.94x106/(1000x1602x25)
= 0.044 < Kbal (0.167) → singly = 0.022 < Kbal (0.167) → singly
z = 0.96d > 0.95d → 0.95d z = 0.98d > 0.95d → 0.95d
As,req = 31.5x106/(0.87x500x0.95x170) As,req = 13.94x106/(0.87x500x0.95x160)
= 449 mm2/m > As,min = 211 mm2/m < As,min
→ propose H10-150 (523 mm2/m) < As,max → propose H10-325 (241 mm2/m) < As,max
(Bottom) (Bottom)

Shear check:
(no shear coefficient in Table 3.13 → use the last case in Table 3.15)
Short span: Long span:
Vsx = vxnlx = 0.45 x 12.12 x 5 Vsy = vynlx = 0.33 x 12.12 x 5
= 27.27 kN/m = 20.0 kN/m
Short span: Long span:
Vsx = 27.27 kN/m Vsy = 20.0 kN/m
k = 1 + (200/170)0.5 = 2.08 > 2.0 k = 1 + (200/160)0.5 = 2.12 > 2.0
l = 523/(1000 x 170) = 0.003 < 0.02 l = 241/(1000 x 160) = 0.002 < 0.02

VRd,c = max {0.12k(100 l fck)1/3; 0.035 k3/2 fck1/2} bd VRd,c = max {0.41; 0.49}(1000)(160)
= max {0.47; 0.49} (1000)(170) = 78.4kN/m > Vsx (20.0 kN/m)
= 83.3 kN/m > Vsx (27.27 kN/m) → no shear reinf’t req’d
→ no shear reinf’t req’d

Deflection check (checking is required only for shorter span):

 = As,req/bd = 449/(1000 x 170) = 0.0026; 0 = (25)0.5 x 10-3 = 0.005 →  < 0

→ Use eq 7.16a; From table 7.4N, K = 1.0 (simply supported)
3ൗ
𝑙 0.005 0.005 2
= 1.0 11 + 1.5 25 + 3.2 25 −1 = 39.61
𝑑𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 0.0026 0.0026
modification factor: span (5 m) < 7 m → MF1 = 1.0; section shape = rectangular → MF2 = 1.0
MF3 = 310/s = 500/500 x 523/449 = 1.16 < 1.5

(l/d)allowable = (l/d)basic x MF1,2,3 = 39.61 x 1.16 = 45.94 > (l/d)actual = 5000/170 = 29.41
→ deflection pass
Crack check:

h = 200 mm  200 mm → specific measures for crack control not req’d (sec. 7.3.3 EC2)

Detailing:

Maximum bar spacing, smax,slabs (Section 9.3 EC2)

For main reinforcement: Smax, slabs = 3h  400 mm = 400 mm
Actual bar spacing = 150 mm and 325 mm < Smax, slabs (OK !)

For transverse reinforcement: Smax, slabs = 3.5h  450 mm = 450 mm

Actual bar spacing = 350 mm (to provide H8-350 at all the top edges of the slab)
Detailing:
7500

H10-325 (B) 5000

H10-150 (BB)
 RC solid slab – Example 4: continuous two-way slab
Figure below shows a typical floor plan of an office building. It is estimated that all the slabs are carrying
4.0 kN/m2 variable action and 1.5 kN/m2 of finishes & suspended ceiling. Carry out design and detailing for
this slab panel B-C/1-2.
Design data:
Permanent action = 1.5 kN/m2 (excluding self-weight)
Variable action = 4.0 kN/m2
Design life = 50 years
Fire resistance = 60 minutes
Exposure class = XC1
Concrete class = C25
Steel strength = 500 N/mm2
RC density = 25 kN/m3
Bar diameter = 10 mm (assumed)
Cover (durability, fire & bond requirements):

cmin (bond) = 10 mm (Table 4.2)

cmin (durability) = 15 mm (Table 4.4: XC1 + S4)
Min. axis distance for fire, a = 15mm (REI = 60) → cmin (fire) = 15 – 10/2 = 10 mm
→ cmin = 15 mm ➔ cnom = 15 + 10 = 25 mm (cdev = 10 mm)
Slab thickness (h):
ly/lx = 7000/4000 = 1.75 < 2.0 → 2-way slab
Minimum thickness for fire = 80 mm (Table 5.8 EC2 pt. 1-2)
Estimated thickness: l/h = 35 (2-way cont. + smaller span 4m + 2 edges cont.) → h = 114 mm
➔ h = 125 mm (trial thickness – to be justify during design and deflection check)

Msx,+
BMD & SFD Msx,-

Shorter span
Msy,-

Msy,+ Longer span

Design load:

Total charac. dead load, gk = 25(0.125) + 1.5 = 4.63 kN/m2

Total charac. imposed load, qk = 4.0 kN/m2
Design load, n = 1.35(4.63) + 1.5(4) = 12.24 kN/m2
Consider 1 m width of slab, w = 12.24 x 1 m = 12.24 kN/m2/m

Analysis:
This slab shares similar support with slab
Continuous 2-way slab → Table 3.14 (BMD) & 3.15 (SFD)
panel B-C/2-3. Need to check for more
Case 4: two adjacent edges discontinuous critical case between the two slabs.
B-C/2-3 - Case 3: One long edge
Msx,+ = sx+nlx = 0.065 x 12.24 x 4 = 12.7 kNm/m (short - sagging) discontinuous
2 2

Msx,- = sx-nlx2 = 0.087 x 12.24 x 42 = 17.0 kNm/m (short - hogging) Msx,- = 0.082x12.24x4.02 = 16.06 kNm/m
→ use 17.0 kNm/m

Msy,+ = sy+nlx2 = 0.034 x 12.24 x 42 = 6.66 kNm/m (long - sagging) This slab shares similar support with slab
Msy,- = sy-nlx2 = 0.045 x 12.24 x 42 = 8.82 kNm/m (long - hogging) panel A-B/1-2. Need to check for more
critical case between the two slabs.
A-B/1-2 - Case 4 & similar dimension
Msy,- = 8.82 kNm/m
Bending reinf’t (main) design: As,min = max{0.26fctm(1000)(95)/500;
Effective depth 0.0013(1000)(95)}
dx = h – cnom – 0.5bar = 125 – 25 – 10/2 = 95 mm = max{128; 127} = 128 mm2/m
dy = h – cnom – 1.5bar = 125 – 25 – 10(1.5) = 85 mm As,max = 0.04Ac = 0.04(1000)(125)
= 5000 mm2/m
Short span: Long span:
Msx+ = 12.7 kNm/m (sagging) Msy+ = 6.7 kNm/m (sagging)
K = 12.7x106/(1000x952x25) K = 6.7x106/(1000x852x25)
= 0.056 < Kbal (0.167) → singly = 0.037 < Kbal (0.167) → singly
z = 0.95d = 0.95d → 0.95d z = 0.97d > 0.95d → 0.95d
As,req = 12.7x106/(0.87x500x0.95x95) As,req = 6.7x106/(0.87x500x0.95x85)
= 325 mm2/m > As,min = 190 mm2/m < As,min
→ propose H10-200 (393 mm2/m) < As,max → propose H10-350 (224 mm2/m) < As,max

Msx- = 17.0 kNm/m (hogging) Msy- = 8.8 kNm/m (hogging)

K = 17x106/(1000x952x25) K = 8.8x106/(1000x952x25)
= 0.076 < Kbal (0.167) → singly = 0.039 < Kbal (0.167) → singly
z = 0.93d < 0.95d → 0.93d z = 0.96d > 0.95d → 0.95d
As,req = 17x106/(0.87x500x0.93x95) As,req = 8.8x106/(0.87x500x0.95x95)
= 444 mm2/m > As,min = 444 mm2/m > As,min
→ propose H10-175 (449 mm2/m) < As,max → propose H10-325 (242 mm2/m) < As,max
Shear check:

Short span: Long span:

Vsx1 = vx1nlx = 0.57 x 12.24 x 4 = 27.9 kN/m Vsy1 = vy1nlx = 0.40 x 12.24 x 4 = 19.6 kN/m
Vsx2 = vx2nlx = 0.38 x 12.24 x 4 = 18.6 kN/m Vsy2 = vy2nlx = 0.26 x 12.24 x 4 = 12.7 kN/m

k = 1 + (200/95)0.5 = 2.45 > 2.0 k = 1 + (200/95)0.5 = 2.45 > 2.0

l = 449/(1000 x 95) = 0.0047 < 0.02 l = 242/(1000 x 95) = 0.0025 < 0.02
VRd,c = max {51.9; 47.0} VRd,c = max {42.0; 47.0}
= 51.9 kN/m > Vsx1 (27.9 kN/m) = 47.0 kN/m > Vsx1 (19.6 kN/m)
→ no shear reinf’t req’d at Vsx1 → no shear reinf’t req’d at Vsy1
k = 1 + (200/95)0.5 = 2.45 > 2.0 k = 1 + (200/85)0.5 = 2.53 > 2.0
l = 393/(1000 x 95) = 0.0041 < 0.02 l = 224/(1000 x 85) = 0.0026 < 0.02
VRd,c = max {49.5; 47.0} VRd,c = max {38.1; 42.1}
= 51.9 kN/m > Vsx2 (18.6 kN/m) = 42.1 kN/m > Vsy2 (12.7 kN/m)
→ no shear reinf’t req’d at Vsx2 → no shear reinf’t req’d at Vsy2
Deflection check (checking is required only for shorter span – sagging):

 = As,req/bd = 325/(1000 x 95) = 0.0034; 0 = (25)0.5 x 10-3 = 0.005 →  < 0

→ Use eq 7.16a; From table 7.4N, K = 1.3 (end span for the checked shorter span)
3ൗ
𝑙 0.005 0.005 2
= 1.3 11 + 1.5 25 + 3.2 25 −1 = 35.35
𝑑 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 0.0034 0.0034

modification factor: span (4 m) < 7 m → MF1 = 1.0; section shape = rectangular → MF2 = 1.0
MF3 = 310/s = 500/500 x 393/325 = 1.21 < 1.5

(l/d)allowable = (l/d)basic x MF1,2,3 = 35.35 x 1.21 = 42.77 > (l/d)actual = 4000/95 = 42.1
→ deflection pass

Crack check:

h = 125 mm < 200 mm OK ! (Section 7.3.3 EC2)

→ specific measures to control cracking is not necessary.
Detailing:
Maximum bar spacing, smax,slabs (Section 9.3 EC2)

For main reinforcement: smax, slabs = 3h  400 mm = 375 mm

Actual bar spacing = 175, 200, 325, 350 mm < smax, slabs OK !

For transverse reinforcement: Smax, slabs = 3.5h  450 mm = 437.5mm

(to provide H8-350 as transverse bars for hogging reinf’t & top edge reinf’t)

H8-350 (TT)
H10-325 (TT) H8-350 (TT)
C C

H10-350 (B)
H10-200 (BB)

H8-350 (T)
H10-175 (TT)
C

H8-350 (T)