PROPERTIES OF IMAGE FILES When using image files, you must consider where it will be used as this will alter the technical requirements of the image. For instance, an image used ina printed magazine will need a very high resolution. Resolution is the number of pixels in a given area, it is measured as dots per inch (DPI) for print images and photographs and pixels per inch (PPI) for screen images ‘The higher the OPI/PPI, the higher the image quality Printed documents such as books and posters typically use a resolution of 300 DPI. This means that there will be 300 printed dots in 1 inch (2.54 cm) of the printed document. Web pages typically use images with a resolution of 72 OPI, Pixel dimensions This is the measurement of an image in pixels. It is calculated by multiplying the pixel width by the pixel height In this ‘example, the image measures 500 pixels, wide and 300 pixels high so it has 15,000 pixels in total. A 10-megapixel camera will have 10 milion pixels in one photo. Static image file formats | PG Joint Photographic Experts Group ‘Compression: Lossy Features: Very good compression. Works particularly well for photographs. Uses: Photographs I) Ponte network rats ‘Compression: Lossless Features: Good compression. Allows for a transparent layer so a background can be seen behind, Uses: Web images, particularly those that need transparency | SVG Scalable Vector Graphics ‘Compression: Lossless Features: Very small filesize. Retains quality whatever size itis viewed at. Uses: Web images, ilustrations, cartoons FF | Togea eve te Format ‘Compression: No compression or lossless Features: No data lost so very high quality files, but also large in size Uses: High quality printing‘Vector images Vector images are made up of shapes such as lines, curves and fils. Files are smallin size and can be made bigger or smaller without affecting the quality of the image. They are commonly used for icons, logos, diagrams, animations and illustrations. a SVG images are vector images. atte 100% see Bitmap images Original Enlarged Bitmap images, also known as raster images, are made of small squares called pixels, File sizes tend to be larger. Images can be made smaller (on the screen but i they are enlarged, they will become pixelated or blurry. Bitmap images are widely used in photographs. JPG, PNG and TIFF all Use bitmap images ‘Adesigner is creating a physical book called Relax: a) State an appropriate DPI for the photographs contained inthe book. (b) Identify an appropriate file format for the photographs. w (6) The cover wil feature an ilustration of person in a hammock. Explain why the ustrator might use avectorimage format. (2 (@) The book wil be promoted on a website State an appropriate PP! fora thumbnail image. aca FILE COMPRESSION Some files, such as video, music or images are very large. This requires lots of storage space to save. Compression is used to reduce the size of a file. There are two types of compression: lossy and lossless. Original uncompressed image Lossy compression Lossy compression can be applied to ‘graphics, photos, videos and music. It can result in a significant reduction in the fil size, ‘out it will lose some of the original information, fan image is over compressed, too much information is lost and errors will be noticeable. The lossy compression above has resulted in digital artefacts such as pixelation and incorrect colours. + Image file formats include JPG + Audio file formats include MP3, and AAC + Video fle formats include MPEG 2, MPEG 4 / MP4 and H.264 Lossless compression can be used on text files zip files, photos, music and video. No information is lost when the fle is compressed. This is the oniy way to compress files such as text documents or computer game code. Lossy compression usually compresses more than lossiess compression. + Image fle formats include PNG and SVG + Audio fle formats include ALAC, FLAC and wav + Video file formats include H.264 lossless and Motion JPEG Lossless + Other file formats include ZIP for compressing files and folders.PROPERTIES OF AUDIO FILES Audio files may contain music or spoken word such as audiobooks or radio. ‘Asound wave is sampled many times per second, This is known as the sample rate. A sample is a ‘measurement of the sound wave at a particular time. The accuracy of this measurement is known as the bit depth. The higher the sample rate and bit depth, the higher quality the sound will be. CD quality sound uses a bit depth of 16 bits with a sample rate of 44.1 kilohertz (kHz). DVD and Blu-ray may use 16 bits or 24 bits. The sample rate is either 48 kHz or 96 kHz. This makes the sound quality used in flms on DVD and Blu-ray better than CDs Sound files may be MP3, ‘compressed, When a lossy Features: A lossy audio format with small file sizes around ‘compression is used, listeners 10% the size of the original uncompressed files. may notice some loss in They are widely used and can play on most sound quality. devices, The name means MPEG-2 Audio Layer I Uses: Storing music on portable devices such as smartphones, Heavily compressed MP3 files, for instance, wil lack depth and accuracy. CDs use ra uncompressed aucio, Features: 4 lossy format which has a higher sound quality ‘Aband wants to record their than MP3 for the same bitrate and sample rate latest single as a high-quality [AAC stands for Advanced Audio Coding, recording suitable for editing, The standard music format for iPhone! iTunes®, PlayStation® and Android?, a) Give or SPerce ate a format for the recording, 1] (©) The band want to FLAC distribute their recording to fans. Explain your recommendation of a suitable format. Features: A lossless compressed format All the original data will be restored when the fle is played. As itis a lossless format, it only compresses fles to around 50-70% of their original size. FLAC stands for Free Lossless Audio Codec, As there is no loss of quality it retains clarity of instruments and voices Features: This s a lossless, uncompressed format with no loss of audio quality. Uses: Studio recordings.a PROPERTIES OF MOVING IMAGE FILES Moving image files include video and animation. Once any video editing is completed, the file will need to be exported to a video file format so it can be seen by the client or audience. When the file is exported, al visual effects As part of web pages, animation is usually and transitions are rendered by the computer. stored in SVG format. This format allows Rendering means the software processes all ‘objects to have motion and slide or bounce the editing data to make each frame of video. into position, This helps attract attention and is commonly seen with banner adverts, The a format also allows the user to interact with the animation or image by moving the mouse or clicking, th FI AY PRT GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) is an older format for animation on web pages. It has broadly been replaced by SVG. Animation vdeo and fim suchas cartoons are dstrouted (MBER) MPEG-2 Using ordinary video fe formas Features: Simiarto MPs but ‘ypealytigher quay, Uses: Used teeson Features: Uses lossy compression to create a small fle size Sees Works ona large number of devices Uses: A common format used for streaming video and Mov Mov films. Used in some Biu-rays. Features: A lossy compression format from Apple® AVI Audio Video ntereave Uses: Tis s the deft recording format on Apple devices such as iPhone® ‘The video may be compressed or uncompressed. Itis and Ped where It's very therefore often suitable for professional high-quality Similar to MP4 MOV may video editing, contain different formats > Features: May be used for higher quality video. Us‘The resolution of a screen is the total number of pixels it contains, It is usually given as the number of pixels in one row (width) and the number of pixels in one column (height). The more pixels that 2 screen has, the higher the quality of the image it displays. High definition (HD) video has five times the number of pixels of standard defini results in clearer, more detailed images (SD). This 8K Ultra HD | SD standard Definition | AKUHD Ulta High Definition Resolution: 480p, 576 Resolution: 4 Pixel dimensions: 640 x 480, 720 x 576 Pixel dimensions: 3840 x 2160 Use: Video sharing, broadcast TV and DVD. Use: Cinema quality video, some Blu-ray discs and high-end gaming [B) sh oxrn Resolution: 10800 Pixel dimensions: 1920 x 1080 Resolution: 8 Use: HD broadcast TV, Blu-ray. Pixel dimensions: 7690 x 4320 Use: Very high-end gaming and television. Feature films and visual effects may be shot at 8K BKUHD Ultra High Definition