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St. PAUL’S DEGREE & PG COLLEGE

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(Affiliated to Osmania University)

Street No. 8, Himayathnagar, Hyderabad. Ph.No: 27602533

BBA (Sem III)

UNIT III- MULTIMEDIA
Multimedia is the use of a computer to present and combine text, graphics, audio, and video with links
andtools that let the user navigate, interact, and create; and multimedia is used to represent information
in an interesting and interactive manner. It combines text, audio, video, graphics, and animation. It uses
media in an interactive manner to provide information in multiple ways.
Definition:
Multimedia is the use of a computer to combine text, audio, video, graphics, and animation in an
interactive way to convey information. Multimedia can include links and tools that allow users to navigate,
interact, create, and communicate.
Multimedia uses computers to present and combine text, graphics, audio, and video with links and tools,
allowing the user to navigate, interact, create, and communicate. It has 5 key elements:

• Text

• Audio

• Animation

• Graphics

• Videos

Devices Of Multimedia:
1. Smartphones: Smartphones are Multimedia devices that allow users to access and create
Multimedia content. They typically come equipped with high-quality cameras, microphones, and
speakers, which allow users to capture and share photos, videos, and audio recordings.
2. Digital Cameras: Digital cameras are designed specifically for capturing high-quality photos and
videos. They are equipped with advanced features such as zoom, image stabilization, and high-
resolution sensors, which allow users to take stunning images and videos.
3. Video Cameras: Video cameras are designed specifically for capturing high-quality videos. They
come equipped with features such as autofocus, manual exposure control, and image stabilization,
which allow users to create professional-quality videos.
4. Computers: Computers are Multimedia devices that allow users to create, edit, and view
Multimedia content. They typically come equipped with software applications that allow users to
create Multimedia presentations, edit photos and videos, and record audio.
5. Gaming Consoles: Gaming consoles are Multimedia devices that allow users to play video
games, watch movies, and stream music. They typically come equipped with high-quality audio
and video hardware, which provide an immersive gaming and Multimedia experience.
6. Smart TVs: Smart TVs are Multimedia devices that allow users to stream content from various
sources such as the internet, cable TV, and external devices. They typically come equipped with
advanced features such as 4K resolution, HDR, and voice control, which provide a high-quality
Multimedia experience.
 Multimedia Format
Audio format:
An audio file format is a file format for storing digital audio data on a computer system. The bit layout of
the audio data (excluding metadata) is called the audio coding format and can be uncompressed, or
compressed to reduce the file size, often using lossy compression.
• WAV: This is an uncompressed audio format developed by Microsoft and IBM. WAV documents
include raw, lossless PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) audio statistics—high audio incredible but
huge record sizes.
• MP3: MP3 is the most famous compressed audio layout. uses lossy” compression, doing away
with inaudible sounds to reduce the file duration significantly while maintaining brilliant audio
Widely supported.
• FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec) It also lossless compresses audio records without dropping
thefirst-rate; however, the documents are larger than MP3s. Used wherein better pleasantness is
preferred.
• WMA (Windows Media Audio) Compressed audio layout was advanced via Microsoft as an
alternative to MP3. Contains DRM duplicate protection capabilities.
• AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) A standardized and improved version of MP3 Used through Apple’s
iTunes shop. Can produce more wonderful than MP3 at comparable bit expenses.
• AIFF (Audio Interchange File Format) An uncompressed audio layout is superior to the useful
resources of Apple. Contains first-rate audio.
• Ogg Vorbis is a free, open-source compressed audio format. Alternative to MP3 and AAC.
• MIDI: Stores virtual sheet music facts in preference to audio waveforms. Used for virtual music and
computer-generated songs.

Video Format:
Whenever a video file is saved it contains two file in it. One is the container and other is codecs.
Container defines the structure of the video file and which codecs will be used. Codecs is used to
compress and decompress video file. Some of common container format are:
• Flash Video Format (.flv) This video format is very popular due to the availability of flash player
for cross platform. These video files are supported by almost every browser making suitable for
web. This format is compact and support progressive and streaming download. Some users of this
format are Youtube, Yahoo! Video, VEVO etc.
• AVI format (.avi) Audio Video Interleave which can contain both audio and video data. It was
developed by Microsoft. It uses less compression can contain almost any codecs. It is popular
among internet user due to multiple codecs support. This means that even if AVI files may look
similar on the outside are different from one another on the inside All windows OS support this
format including another player for other platform exist.
• MP4 (.mp4) This format is used to store to store audio and video stream online. MP4 file format
was created by Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) as a multimedia container format store
audiovisual data. It used different compression technique for video and audio.
• 3GP (.3gp) This is both audio and video file format which was designed to transmit data between
3G phones and the internet. It is most commonly used to capture video from the phone and upload
it online. Both Windows and Mac support the format.

• WMV (Windows Media Video) This format was developed by Microsoft. It was designed for web
streaming applications. WMV files are the very small in size over the Web, as their file size
decreases after compression, due to which results in poor video quality. But this make it only file
format which can be send through e-mail.
 • QuickTime Format (.mov) This format was developed by Apple.It can store multiple
tracks(for different language), text file(subtitle) and effects. MOV files are of high quality
and are usually bigin file size. It is supported both by Windows and Apple.

COMPRESSION of Multimedia
Compression is the way of making files to take up less space. In multimedia systems, in order to
manage large multimedia data objects efficiently, these data objects need to be compressed to
reduce the file sizefor storage of these objects.
Compression tries to eliminate redundancies in the pattern of data.
For example, if a black pixel is followed by 20 white pixels, there is no need to store all 20 white
pixels. A coding mechanism can be used so that only the count of the white pixels is stored. Once
such redundancies are removed, the data object requires less time for transmission over a network.
This in turnsignificantly reduces storage and transmission costs.
There are two types of Media compression

1. Lossless :
lossless and data. Simply, we can say that in lossless data compression, file size is reduced,
but the quality of data remains the same.

The main advantage of lossless data compression is that we can restore the original data in its
original form after the decompression.

Lossless data compression mainly used in the sensitive documents, confidential information,
and PNG, RAW, GIF, BMP file formats. Lossless data compression is used to compress the
files without losing an original file's quality

For example, an image may have areas of color that do not change over several pixels;
instead of coding "red pixel, red pixel, ..." the data may be encoded as "279 red pixels". This is
a basic example of run-length encoding; there are many schemes to reduce file size by
eliminating redundancy.

2. Lossy :
Lossy data compression is used to compress larger files into smaller files. In this
compression technique, some specific amount of data and quality are removed
(loss) from the original file. It takes less memory space from the original file due to
the loss of original data and quality. This technique is generally useful for us when the
quality of data is not our first priority.
Lossy data compression is most widely used in JPEG images, MPEG video, and MP3
audio formats.
 S.No Lossless data compression Lossy data compression

1. In Lossless data compression, there is no loss In Lossy data compression, there is a loss
of any data and quality. of quality and data, which is not
measurable.

2. In lossless, the file is restored in its original In Lossy, the file does not restore in its
form. original form.

3. Lossless data compression algorithms are Run Lossy data compression algorithms are:
Length Encoding, Huffman encoding, Shannon Transform coding, Discrete Cosine
fano encoding, Arithmetic encoding, Lempel Transform, Discrete Wavelet Transform,
Ziv Welch encoding, etc. fractal compression, etc.

4. Lossless compression is mainly used to Lossy compression is mainly used to

compress text-sound and images. compress audio, video, and images.

5. As compare to lossy data compression, As compare to lossless data

lossless data compression holds more data. compression, lossy data compression
holds less data.

6. File quality is high in the lossless data File quality is low in the lossy data
compression. compression.

7. Lossless data compression mainly supports Lossy data compression mainly supports
RAW, BMP, PNG, WAV, FLAC, and ALAC file JPEG, GIF, MP3, MP4, MKV, and OGG file
types. types.

Decompression Of Multimedia
Decompression is the process of restoring compressed data to its original form. Data decompression
isrequired in almost all cases of compressed data, including lossy and lossless compression. Similar
to compression of data, decompression of data is also based on different algorithms.
Decompression is considered important, as compressed data needs to be restored back to standard
state for usage.
Decompression is widely used in data communications, multimedia, audio, video and file
transmissions.Decompression is also known as uncompression.

Uses of Multimedia in Different Places

Nowadays, multimedia has become a very important part of every company carrying out their work.
Thefollowing are the important applications of multimedia:

• Creative Industries
• Commerce
• Entertainment
• Education
• Educational Technology
• Social Work Purposes
• Communication
• Journalism
• Engineering
• Medicine
• Research
• Interior Designing

Multimedia Application in Business:

1. Multimedia devices such as mobile phones, laptops etc. plays and important role
to growbusiness.

2. Millions of online websites (form of multimedia) are available on internet to reach end
user andgrow
business.
3. More and more companies are taking an advantage of World Wide Web to increase
sales oftheir products.
4. Using multimedia anyone can sell their product anywhere in the world on internet.
5. By placing advertisement in magazines and newspapers business can be increased
effectively.
6. PowerPoint presentation (multimedia) is also an effective way to give details of their
product.
7. On internet millions of people watches videos, so we can share our product with them
withinseconds.
8. Multimedia is an effective and cheapest way to grab an attention of the visitors and
shareinformation
about various products easily.
9. Advertising industry uses multimedia for marketing various products.
10. Various companies making Virtual Games uses multimedia and makes it more attractive.
11. Today multimedia is very important to promote any time of business easily and effectively.
12. Various companies uses multimedia to entertain their visitors and make profit from
multimedia.
13. Multimedia is also used to extend the list of clients using various technology such as
email,SMS, MMS etc.