11/10/2023

RTL Design
Laser-Based Distance Measurer—Step 2C: Derive the Controller FSM

Controller Inputs: B, S Outputs: L, Dreg_clr, Dreg_ld, Dctr_clr, Dctr_ld

B S

B S
S0 S1 S2 S3 S4

L=0 Dctr_clr = 1 L=1 L=0 Dreg_ld = 1

Dreg_clr = 1 (clear count) (laser on) Dctr_ld = 1 Dctr_ld = 0
(laser off) (laser off) (load Dreg with Dctr/2)
(clear Dreg) (count up) (stop counting)

Some assignments to 0 still shown, due to their importance in

understanding desired controller behavior

 Same FSM, using convention of

unassigned outputs implicitly assigned 0

RTL Design
HLSMs
s a

 High-level state machine (HLSM) 8 8

extends FSM with:
 Multi-bit input/output c Soda
dispenser
 Local storage d
processor
 Arithmetic operations

 Conventions Inputs: c (bit), a (8 bits), s (8 bits)

 Numbers: Outputs: d (bit) // '1' dispenses soda
Local storage: tot (8 bits)
 Single-bit: '0' (single quotes)
 Integer: 0 (no quotes) c
 Multi-bit: “0000” (double quotes) Add
Init Wait
 == for equal, := for assignment tot:=tot+a
 Multi-bit outputs must be registered via d:='0' c’ * (tot<s)
local storage tot:=0 c’*(tot<s)’

 // precedes a comment Disp

SodaDispenser d:='1'

1
 11/10/2023

RTL Design
Example: Soda Dispenser from Earlier
s a
8 8
 Quick overview example, more details of
each step to come
tot_ld ld
tot
tot_clr clr
Inputs: c (bit), a (8 bits), s (8 bits)
Outputs: d (bit) // '1' dispenses soda
8
Local storage: tot (8 bits)

c 8-bit
tot_lt_s 8-bit
Add adder
<
Init Wait
tot:=tot+a Datapath 8

d:='0' c’ * (tot<s)
tot:=0 c’*(tot<s)’ Step 2A
Disp s a
8 8
SodaDispenser d:='1'
c

Step 1 tot_ld
d
tot_clr
Controller Datapath
tot_lt_s

Step 2B
3

RTL Design
Example: Soda Dispenser
s a
8 8
 Quick overview example, more details of
each step to come c
tot_ld
d
tot_clr
Inputs: c (bit), a (8 bits), s (8 bits)
Controller Datapath
Outputs: d (bit) // '1' dispenses soda tot_lt_s
Local storage: tot (8 bits)
Step 2B
c
Add
Init Wait
tot:=tot+a Inputs : c, tot_lt_s (bit)
Outputs : d, tot_ld , tot_clr (bit)
d:='0' c’ * (tot<s) tot_ld
c’*(tot<s)’ c
tot:=0 c
Disp Add tot_clr
d
Init Wait
tot_ld=1 tot_lt_s
SodaDispenser d:='1'
d=0 c'  c tot_lt_s
tot_lt_s’
tot_clr=1
Step 1 Disp

Controller d=1

Step 2C
4

2
 11/10/2023

RTL Design
Example: Soda Dispenser

 Quick overview example, more details of

Inputs : c, tot_lt_s (bit)
each step to come Outputs : d, tot_ld , tot_clr (bit)
c tot_ld
c
Add tot_clr
d
Init Wait

tot_lt_s

tot_clr
tot_ld=1

tot_ld
tot_lt_s
s1 s0 c n1 n0 d d=0 c'  c tot_lt_s
tot_lt_s’
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 tot_clr=1
0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 Disp
Init

0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 Controller d=1
0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 Step 2C
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
Wait

0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
Add

Use controller design process (Unit 2)

1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
Disp

to complete the design