Corboxyiic aciel
"Wei cis dort discstiate compieat ly
= ~ Soom, ugdrsgeny eons t Whey 1-0-8 tbp. plug aolobility of awatter core
= Jasid
way
ties tip stogen bonded diners Wek pyre yopeuty iquidl or soliel Jy S2lvey
it. _hen-pofar Ageuie Solvon rs
o---4 —o
a Ss
= Pek az
eee c= a=—0
Tetedion of caxmoxiiic acids
xom alconols : comiplele ortidation iM Primacy aN
ica\io1S
——__| = Frown aldelayctes oscihaklon of oldelyctos
——|* Even nitriles = aciol hase Mileolyeis 64 a wittile
|
wat
werent
Ren shel FP R-COOH TE NHS
(PeecesS HON Yea EWES WHYC!
| WH B-(N+t NAOH ~> EOS"Naty NHS thew wack soit Withede HCL
aca KO 9eh Acid,
—| =
| Formation of sol 4&
— — Me fission 4, nyaroany how at e210 fo See reauctious
= “Baits casted orborpintes Sates IP te
—tormdilen of Srinaxs) Ami Res
_ —featkente ds abel
is —_tfimayy Hareqne alleanes
—_ Rie. wrod sjoyer
— "Heat vneber Qressure
MO | Ctahelyet)
=| =: BeachOn’ CH3 CHaR y TWH 2 > cHeetanta tH Br
motion 64 Mati leg
= pelagic ld EEE eaenerteee Eteach lee ny
| beotunater velege ata CHotN EK Rr
tencornel Coblyst
win Toone ifn:
ween Der Dime
ccmenmey [Timea El
TYPO __| Foxmation of | ayASOR Weiles
| noocsounte Rice ex ox Lerones <
y
| wen = Wood nates anes pene catalyst
eco cont
—— 3
mt eyiage Hac RO & UCN? CHach>
__|__ ta Cie COW Rlummeaccue crte Porpcomeentay CH
-— Hyadsetys _ ay Mieies _
___| be aaxootiecamibes ass
i» ra =
Accel Wadkoruses
satock Salt —
ak agewsene El =>
eNnucl
= Rose Wind voles ————
“a Cig ch + Nee each “On Na sa
a ri
emEnOnErs Re erect Soe ak S8 giyaticene
eS alte
a Fg ages ot is
ee ALOW forces. peat
a [atrangerce of cL ort = pomanon_sipole interaction.
ya Sees side sieales. Mane — Bxorajer Yow Sor
_ UCU | Longe chalies. uot
> pep oma ten
Se arcana et pel yma
im i
arena
Loaders
cota Bae at poate rade tales
CS —————
HDPE = made sing 2:
yon oman cose point ice'h goceal ol AK Take olwen pritouts
|Tdbbrirredi tts
| lua. Syecheeseneth — 0 Aehnique ued to ident tomgndod® ‘nase
poh Charges AA MioroMtions of tong whon shay —alasorh \Raf
| C@ckeda Preqsevaary
=e Spectronmter \ecadicd ex No cumple Uitte slechromaqnotic wxawes
imo inbrared yegion and ton debects to Rares My oh, woowlelend. ia
—| o\ 2 Yodiot\on uwich oes. Macoug it Wa Lomele
—}>-AlLoganic mrleuies aborts 12 radiation depending on StAch
—}thara eS _ oh radon & absosbed ; bd Ble ator salt
_[yibrote by Sx ocwing, & kantstirg
{+ The molecoies ae owy vibise ot & Spe caitic Creg sc moc
= Te _Fesonc ne freq nena, u Me SPA frequency ab wich He
[ianueavs gait vairade Ms SH vmiabe leg ee viseotions
—|* Depending ern Ha resi oy Yoo mgioeple, cada vitnrat ion oil
__ absorb a Spec le wosslength of Wb racticdion uhicn are also
— | Xwowm ds Yo _vecbecoeall eh Mo wavelength
— | Ltsawe womier corn") oe
Yea esa Ac Wagiees gia! a aiecent Wiaths ano)
— fren _ Se
—| Hass specroscopy
in +E SHOR on C 1k 9 oO coring cat lion
318 ye th 18 0 corbonion
——;>-honanlytic tission requires Lose rare Hoh jotted yee
SE
| Typasiek cesgemts -
——_NusleopWiitie reagent CouclenpMild)? donatox of coir of
sist Mave lone gai ———
PbkoCe Caisre of acgitive Charge pasitve Loving,
Keattians thatom 06 nucleoghitic hicleniltic_gubstvhonr walonenealcanss)
> Ker coslica) sub n_( altanes? an
=} Elimincstiots cesics Oni ose MhowiGusgrodyct Soren dy Smet wrplers'<
| seueveel rem rerun
Eare of di¢eerent
j
Za add or altel
te we [leer &
TYPO SSciGhy SOAS Reve Wigley ep than eranched
moleccle more SAMI Icgy reclvtes
ay > breaks,
Meme _WOw Eoxce decrees ws __
= Berlortine -ad
Oo +
some yism —¢i
syertor si Sead di tte cieuctyra) formuia —_ Ua
— USN Se ghee.
litrectwral & Stereo mal se ki _
Steor tural — miplerwios Mant wnve Hie Some morcuiiar &
—RONEG oftermnt Atrasceaunt tag abn nes CShwes
_| creren Senmmunior= mtlecules what Wive Sie Same
tut oi Btecont Seatinl ocrongement —p, ator
See tered ice merisro
Kkain Possiow Senctional Gesenctsit
*NGIn ISnmenom
| sagomers + cox im lea gk iS z
“Tiga chanical peapettin pat oQtly cittsceat paige: pwgricat
"
| preter Hes yn ager =
Emampe—n-b e-e=c MH H#=-t-e -C—u
aes i bi | [borane es, TY mang! prorans
i 7 Rinpeeapa Vas. ST =
|» Position \somers
a\eowers diffex in potion % subshtuent akoms ot qroup ai
be funetional
1§ chased ig hi! i a ———
Pexeee\?® los -Acene __H
pee
\ Functional tareups Exomplé f
Ricohol $ atner c2Hed
fal Rldebade Bicefone (H.d f
1A. 2 -most have 02. Coxoorypicacte Somer CaHe Oo
Deets ete cis Jévouns) Isomers
Shown only by olteanes
——} *hises due to restriction of double bond
+ Only Noasiole When each Carbon hos adifterent grps
$ trons hare differen\ to-p
eet isomers Wie ulgive dipole
—}— trans Isewer_e jel alkene kas O dipole
me = _ ee
—— | tesulttng (ht tuo _Leomers a Bis
|= Have effect on petarisect elt peed aah yy
—___| "Hava & chiro corbon- A covinen tone lich rea Sivg 2 bonds
er ere near gee
|
f
L
a
fi
: i. E
ioe See E
t
E
i
t
I Hydrcanoans. ———
Dropakties — Alkan es. =
| Argnevaltiy vinvanch¥____
+P cc ponds Single; Alkcones = Setuxsredd Myx ceesciopaS
-nowyntoe . nocenter of charge foe oS Oo wuclecnht le ov Cn electxophi-
[Ve =. conn attract polos reagents tke adds, hoses ) mesols ov
= foil sing. ods
wbuskion of #lkan€s ——__ _2.
} used oS atiel bogive tage omoonts of evra as wo mse shan tour iin
Oma Hu selense alot oy enacey't.
| =B\bavas ove binott colly Stabe iy Oxygen
yan wactetsaxcy, amouts 6h fais Supplied _
Reackion occuxs Katty ia Yas phase — =
Aa i Se A =
tambustion occuxs
[roenplaks combustion peat Locboy oxide +Warer =a aa
[inrompiere Combustion pxOdtts = Caro moneade + cox pone ee
General of uakion
= aty = (a So. etm ru0 Ba
Suogttution of Bits Se
oj ls Seta atoms iN Usehulymoce ou Mlcones,
—|Uusaturerted hyicocatous
—f totale altecst one c=c
fewest forinul =Car
* Source of wilcans. =OeOUkiing Hicond » Delvadrosionr af cco hols
| "Hore veactive thon aliens duo to presence of chev ond ; pi-electrons
are fensly Sit ond oxemare Soc susceptible to abtatles tye clefidend
—|-Qrps_tilee ctecteophi ies
— 4 Alikenes Connie Hininigh oly iA rartoncliowicle % worter
ao ee adalitiawn _nteckauaisin
| Beeps
[selccrrophile Jorms by hatralylic Hetion
| Eleckrophile atau dou le bond
Waly Gh t Aram daible Loot niigrorre v4 alertrorphile 3. band breaks
Hovbontotion formed Which attocks + nuctenphile
i Siac Ts
ee Hep <6 _écwchon conier)
a Mn? \,
|_fertiorly __ Sr cpa primey twcet fag =
[Mar blaas pctnciole= om olectvoplile ad8 to ce unsy nmetrical clbetete
190 Unc Hue mick stable eA\ecatioh i Jormed a8 on miermeddiase
as LWydodi@nlaiuds F6. Cos bun tira anioce Wyhrogeng
___ Ale qrp_—ldvatlve effect __ ——————— zal ai
At tte om Addition seaiqns
He HychiogenoHoh C nikene - Ha > Allene’
DN Ce ia Soci sige qe A\kone
— 009 ae
2 Hang enasior & =
Alkeme + X es Wpuslncentg. 0 a
ee on.
| Altene + elas =
FRO
ane’e $1Natin
|i. Hyskaxinw a i
| hMene + Hao SS'Atcono!
| Oxidation a
| Liemnoy turns Crom pimt ts cetoclegs
Aleene + Hao COT =raai > diol
Prem tsivoy.
emnoy
S He CHa = CHO PAROS EON —— = oer
a \ \
Qk oo. -
|. Whew Mlens ceack wit hot cone bunny tre doulle ond compleatly
breaks a =
7 a we
where = Hey Coy eHgO 0 = cys olde
Mavaieke Cain Ac dtase
jolises tn farm Ra\\morisation
“Mepectar) acd oh. 1000'S 5 albino. nialecules .CusiahtaisS) 40 Cael eHsar
; Arcyatuy th_Ma troulerule
| Rolyethene
Lore Cling WOH __WORES waker vines juice insulation
> Poly chioesermane Cees
j Waker pipes & isuladian ef wires
| Grenerol conditions High Prebrs igh temprebire B catalyst
{+ Dshely atta ges
| snon-Wiodeqverctale = paliotes
> _lewbuwion Produces harmful oases Which coutrioutes to tobe
jweceniing ens S02) (Ory SHEL trom PUC'S
| Dian essehndpemTBeS
SNeycle ecivtiag plastic
Sesto polymers Sol ocerida[e by aicleliag Shorea unit)
Halogen compourdls, a
=Halogenoalkanes iN
Primary 4° csu2>. =Seondory 9° (sy 2)
SE &= Holegen
TE Ee i AA
ad = bes Hay 38 Cont)
gd Wal
o_o.
cire elie = wp mepkreinepenmeeeRRRESEBSEB Ese Nuclenptullic_sumebiturian saochaniem (SN) = to tyes Stik SNa
oTu_<=X bend _is'c: pnlar_botnd jlids puitial dnsqie clve bo high,
alerdvanagedivi Ky 8 hreala
> TW s* car batati is easily Sesceptible tn oFFock by At nuclengdile
cats ee aa aed
a - =
oe Se ane
t = Pe Rees (Sea
__=7 lerHiary hlequoaleaues Si bi R
Primary b Seu padary habesanel kore
BR oa
! Jeleopsilit cobstitutien verclinle == =
= 2 Higdlsetysis. = = =
| _R=x + © Ez
Nadlicag) 8x§ EOH cag)
= Roagant* Sto alkali’
See Hw? heat | re lose
i
Ss | sen ——<—— —
) Tyrol gars: ems eaGior _m__ From qrimaxy Wo kerfior y
~Kevtiany \alogemal tangs cam be wud rolysed OUR cit \oosb
| CAS CL BRC one prenent in she NaOH sol tho inlay rill iukertene Wi}
| phe venck OD ee sas
Je Nitrile (Coyainiched ee po
| lariat P-X FON= > pe EX
|_sPeagent: r¥eN py Noch in ethene
| tainalitlee — colveid ela + Kool vnaliar ee YW
[eteation Qorm a ¢-C bord, bance woe gh SU jyerens pmasin Manse,
Tay yen > ware “C’
TYPO
Denes Prima Ami nos
R=X tNHa —» RN + HY
* Reagent ammonia (tas
SCoOMGI BES QMMOWO in gleaiol vuder pressure in a Secited
Sonkolnar
o Neko ik ences
Forming N Hays
Reflox =
|
eonc. Gmmbuia useel AK reacks with ib
= Many DEANE reAC' ons. Proceed ou
ees e: Heaking, Hons vvilee reflux to prevent valab\ Lo BrGomic Solves
—— bs ey abOicthe
| | Csimuiioc to Sauipe dietitiat on)
| EXimiwotion Reaction
R=X © OWT —> Nicene +x Fb Hao
nil
Mechanism. 4. Cx
Se ee
nZ
| Reagents enone \ic Naot o¢ KOM
| borditienss tno b0%) rechoxy SS -
j OH acts as O penton acceptor A} accepts de Ht Agss from
i_holoyncaltanes ducing _eliminatio.
+ Glrulncot becnwtus agi ce from pinay 40 Kaeo
| [Link]. kom od eeank ro Loreen It Walled nue + Waicnatlocrsb ove
[plea abtceked te iF) Ness. holeygncolkanas.
MORES oye \nerd 8 eau loo Ngithied ead is reemath of ¢-x owl
| {[Link] Wigh » Wonce do nbs gernmpates en (ly) no ose aot
Rowmmahly 7 . = =
| + WBOSS.
| “Pa psepellants {nw oerscol cams
2 As SORTS iy Bey hoo dive
| + hs XeCrh gecarat Sos eee B Msi es =
~Fise ex bnquimnars) lasecticiges R pesticides
CECs 20 tect em — Ono nve leper
| | > ontroys he ere ino \oier as
| PCRs eetap 2 Wis abwuampinace dnd heccuSe es Masi x \noca ess»
| yemeiin withnot tucker: rock OO unmet May Teach she S bratovpeTe —
| & more |. ele
| in Ye Soaeane gga BALE YS Wy en anes._ BRN seen
Oko (1) Splik CRC molecule focniing Cin Whi Ch veacks voit
20"
PF Ws fs a catalyile tyelt waxe one Lv CaM _yeack with many.
| [0a tus Cosisins) shestructih of tow layer
| Cl" F b> eqD Soel ron
| Oe\yay tt) SC COs Seyiowot se rentdemn cuits os |
oleae
s Nokes tus alternative 15 Ust wine, WACECS (replace cath C\ usin ev sonre |
FE koma) os Masa, ose dash moke acisity oie ds not weeds € |
jae Jel less sy active ey ih npg Rese
Sil Hydroxt compu» ila i
___ |e Prinsaey 12 _H3.¢-= os . sama — tia
— mn =
# bee Heya? “ak ooree eh ales
+
ie C =ch3 _Lludvoe a %
Cy al koves a swans
= fabio
reaayanicet
Llaeeem Eve [uses
[Lucrmeneene E] mmr
TYPO = 1 >
Riegortios a |
—)-Physicod goperties,
| =toleriess igual abetep : a
1 = bsp & Sensi ty Jmcrenses wlth ivereosieo cotom$ and ods o increns =
——|_ottgsps:
——_| *hip Weecegeen, Came tes so —
ll —s8 tpratacluing i mereses 5 VWs decreases y be p detren
ih —2 bef oh olcanal > elKews os Hey wave Anica
—_$S\tobillly of Aleanals ua wader:
——|>Srailex alcanels Si COM MeOtN Wit untor swace Strong Wgehsogers
bons neti _bekiseed ateatnet cnet un cuber
ees AS hydrocarbon hag Lncrense Cnigre c-0 bonds), te non gn ae
= 1 |Mincecton ouNOdaiIS ta obit} the bet lon ro focm hujlvog
ai bomdlss”. gnwwtei sibs, hers eases,
———- [Scat axeonats Cosh ethccnal ave aod soWwents th. < both polar
—___|8 noapolar compounds an Asay Moye petax £ v
|
bonds
PNIO CoMOaverch<
| ReceHow site socio
| pou than) —SeoTNake Va Ha
ee Type of reactiomiadd-base
*Meagent US eds Liquid soetivm mete
iu | +Beachl xii, Sh aMohels deente
| MyS Rear bon
aT Ha Terenas ap tain tay ss
theattioh Less engerous Bias Hino} 1A Ranker wilen Stoo
baker $a stvoter acid Head aleael
beret Caco i
ge tcshalCrognent
+HI0
Tae bak onal ec call Y ones Sy
=
“Tapa aire
ie eae Son
SCRE RE uae
Rewesteerei [iliwenees [Je | R= €8O-R +Hao = Roo + P70N
heat onder ayia — a —: —
es oly "eee
DekysleotioW oj Kic ohn —
—* Alcovio| —> Allene +20
| condiGov? ston. Hasdy or H3POyat Is0% ¢ 8y Bln Q cb 20%
Type s{ seacHoh: EXinlnating
Mecho wisuat: 44H Ls ae =
\ 7
2a eee ac ee ey sa eS i
\ dt
£ ao yy est
cee epee aaa Meir yay Ae a Neo
Halogenabon
Lsstyoeia/ enfin Wveloplltis bait Os Aes jessy SO
LHX for FOr wlthe Hasou or Ha-Pou) 14 H
He ae Re
i) ot ty
Hoy eeaica ot H ess =
2. pclat+ hoot Ht M ot
| AA Ae ee oy aft =c = eo) bPClg es S53 [- wet x)
| ok if
Sano
|z. pel
2 “ FH : ie ect
ae odor Pes oH eed} GPa + POCg
tek E ho
Ye _ Soule
yn
a SN ee) cl TSO.
ea va
nue atr04 roy orouy Sy sev) eh,
| TeVonl) thiobiake Conk eidis e
| veg Melis kmnoy = pile bo tolow less SAI OTT
Pave te J ae
Na neta bb leat th. gas |
Kextrany /H* byeen | x
wives | x
Cav bony! compounds.
ths b-p. of fultouslng conpovndls uicrense
| Alkanes —s Alolebyel es = batones = Aleatols
Werk vpW Pex manent clipete-chiaoie 11 oitchiny
Solo ili M4 y
"Smaltax cos: rowing Comadunds + commateat(y Golwrohe AS thay. form
lugelregen bonds With wader molewsles j ave good Sal vent '
S nonpolar solvbes
+Jacgix tat bony! compounds: polac retore decreases ,+ non potac_natore
lacrenses, —alsility to fork lindragen bencts dhecrcoses
—} Praduckion og, Hldlely ces
Oxidation of primacy, alconols
__| “Rrockouts -aciditied Kaice 0+ / bh Oa
| disk iNalion $9 Seperate aldehyde From oar comp ounds
| Aldenyde con ensity ne couichiaed into coxinnayirc acich so need
disti) as spot aa \- Coxms
s CHa eHzon + Cod — > cugch + W26_
| Procluithion of tetaneS =: -
| Oxidation oy seemmdany Ole Ohols
_| srotctombs + aetelified Vester 01 Hemnou
__|_tdiatiliaHon to seperate Ketone from oer compounds
_* Fetonas cannot be Curtin oxicliged .
__|« cha clones F EOL > et, cots + 4
__| Nusleoplitic adelitlon vith Hen
[condition = HeAl in presenceist cia oS:tecnsi “Aldalydes Ove move svacepHble to hnucleaghitic otbalks tho
eetones,
MOLe Minor _coxsbony| comonunds axe ware eencki ve
Prohuck nas o cwirel covpon .. escluol Fs Opricod Keomoricwa _
UechaniS
P HCN ic O poor MUcopiile With fey CN tons, the vouttion Is Mow
“Ruimerease CN= rom Cetra son moilee HCN \eock ln tia presenre of
skkoli oe addliktow ey Ken d Ai lute iS 4 Can psoviecle
[ten 9 aoe cw fog
|Dediichion of Caxtonnry| composes —__
al | > type of Muclzoaini ic aoldits 4 ¢ i= lows)
[Reducing ag ERS! KUBY LAI y Hp | PROW NN
|_ Aldehydes —> Potecowo\
| p-cwO PBEM Ronson
> kekova: leo
y-co-@ + otal > 2- =e COMD=
|
| resting, Caxton | compeunct
Ay Uni tropramy)hebrarineg (a, tu DNPH)
| nucleo PWitic addition & teden sation / eli inode
fornas :vadl Joravye ppt. aaa
* Hus wip ot Nhs Opt cob used to. Intent fy laiiVical aldehy den &
Neto
|
aldety de best
ai]
{
Af HAD Tahees place wy_a\ Uti
Aldehyde + foll@ns agent Nemonium
bs lone poivet es SLnmibregen ond co coordinate bond With tne Ht
lion
| :
Formation: WAS cg) bY > Nyt
“Boneh argie® 144.5°
| @enam onium sot Any base HEF. pnonio gas tsa
~ | Uses. cy cuimoni a
|B. procduct! on eg niece aciet
Lk thy trsyen
j= vSedin tas QeoclUction e\ Macunte Cexirirers
used ha Has ocectucsion, et Nyon
| PuSext ta bie Pamsictigy | exelocived
| Onides oe Nitsegen.
| Ne tO. —> 9Win+
Na t'lk Oo noo
| or
_ 2NU F Yad; NOs
Maku relies: mante {) Mets
—Mowtade: in tar enaine
SAYS Wigan Ba prowidtect fax 2 bo Peat +
Nije NEES Yo
— Cokolytic vouverters -ex%x haus Aes psssed Mou h col,
ic
_| Comverters co:
Ming A catalyst CoratinomlPastaciumn fui ecet)
= —| Wilt tn rectce oxides kee wt Sresan
teberlyHe role Moxie ay Of SUChve eli asc
—<—} —- NOE, => 2g =
NE fsox+ NO —S. 80a tNO -
Petlati on |
WA xci S64 M20 Sou at ———
NO Ha HINOS I HNOZ OC UNO EIKO +O. >HaNos
—Damosys trees 8 ants, Ns tren 8 otk ives tite, *
[Link] Rha eG
| | SSMBVSTON gollohents
“Nitragen natishe CHO focoind tay Kan choyc\ Na A Os in the
| WAGs) forms aciel Kain P ceseienry peswLancs
*Ailncos Qlacie._are des of, witragen CNo 5 Noa) C00 reack
wait tbasned Wiskrocas bons hs toxin pexoraceby |
Mibeoke CP ei) a caiporanh ) cunts caemical Soroc
"Coven men ereihe 665). gaukte eh iucamolete cammuston ot,
lujcteo carbon Hol, toxic eck om Macmen\oyin,
: | Food! presex vation
| Soa is used lay {Sel@ os aS 6 Gulphie ko preseKie tocd
S02 + 40 =? W>SO8 cogs
+82 A sulphikes wiht great Ol oackesiony encks etc. &
} Oe vacluetng coords So cedure Mucor tube Sh Orda oo 9 food
| arrrectbe
| Mnapter ta organic Chowmishyy.
Pewee 18 Yelxavaten’
| > esesiein da. Sta Sheer) Anvvale B Axi pre woade
DEO WomoloQous Sorted? d SOSiem oh compounds G4. SimmiLar Seuck
Tog WOM
| @cowttihn tak Seater Coecioneal aces
Bait shaue Mh Same enarcel bormdile,
| Ana tarmille ioh omplogue cls tess rom miscgnoous by 6a
BH Simms Chawicad Brogaties LS
le Qratwod Orange Axo graysitod Proper eS as Wri ncceates
in Pyne Qyp = Gh akSWl OF moreculox Covimilas Cuemeone> ui =
ya : __ =
| Greeti cesresSesAt Yestehe
| = wownory sic srste¥4 : a.
* Two ak orns Shai a Z pais A cimillax ehectro vaqicst Nihy Ke
Whe Wend nedoke, eam atom tales diy from paix of elecirons CHEMISTRY
Ryoko CP
heutyon cw)
|Chapker 1 = Atomit chruclure =
|etestomic Particle [Relative charge |
Ye\abive. mass
ey
\
| || eleckyons C2) \ Me4o
‘toms are newtera\ “ Atomic mass. DD. oh. + ¥:
“itomicno-= ho 9) Prokons,
: |" '8etoees ove atoms with tte same no. ey pestons lout a ditLerent
Ino 2k _ NU OnS.
jistopes have dii@econk masses ond thecafxe hove chitavent pin\y sical wie
OcKiOnS) asix chamicad Mberackons BOY Har some as te Ans nw.
—jof @ us tne Sawne.
| |
e_ 18 have Nae Seok noes Go chosiocs the enon
| a
Hee
fileclions. ace ation eS m anergy Levals [Link] shaits
AGA Siall 18 AezeSoe) “oy a principle quan ty no. i
sas the EAE Gaianbwn NO. WEES The energy Mereases_
Ri amegnsiiadlasn en 4,8
J BUBSWIG Were @ are most Weelu to lee Pound
ava) can held Qe wavering in oppretre Givetions
—_|*When @_axe toed in_a Sek sh. orbitals ba. Pac, Oy Ra) Alar oceuieyy
| Hua_siragty ond, +helen pairing sakes place
___|= © yo plated ‘moppnsike divectione = as tke, lack ova aay Caos ect
land i Mhelv placeck im Me Some divection Avany'cl_ roped taence
Ane AQ OX 0 Spin to Neue ropa! __
| -tonigtiotiy Aived ond hale Ciel Ors Wide Cintole than none aa afore —
MarhontA os Hiere is redkucedh Yemalsign. =
\gion, _
Redeye
[ome
[Daonnenrees [E]ermsnmeane
Chinen
——— Subsine\ls ih escoxsdting Ao Nasine nas Quy —\VAAS
ie
fue WaN's proncip\e
&h dg : né
: ‘HHergy Sorel Gregrosn oe =
1 A Atordhing, 40 Avis model. Sa Us seat wilt 1
‘before sino Bell otal.
seMiald ev
} \
furs yn
\ is
eters & i
The -ensxay Aikteccmee ble Ys % Sd is Nery smash uy ——
@ Zrom_4s_can move to Bch to Sem a Wore=-Svied _
for Pitiad Bdorbital ko make tee chon wdce stolo\e
Loxtosto.\s =
|S oxrtols ore sehericol is — 2
*P ervitol axe dumbed Shaced
pe Beuaaauny B free cadvcah 1S 0 species witty one Ox moxe unpaired cecrrons
| lonigotion. soexayy
[dest lomisation energy the energy needed to xemove Lmol of fs #om
\molJot a gasenis arom to Pom Lutsl of UMA RBSLALVE. |. OAS.
+ each Svecesiva iomisosion ergy is Migher Mao Ane previous
lone pennuse tenon Ana @'S Ove:
te Mhorge WN NUCLUS due +o erO'kons
_|__* greates nuckeas car qe means Qxcaker ionisation SVeTay
Moi Wing -e6Serk es i
| -s \nnoe She\'s 0F. 2% seyol oukecmmnel 2's thus shading. them
[vom hs. positive -Mucla\s The more @ Shes Ane grees Sng
| Gwenn eRe eA a
__=highex Sheilding <@Pect Lover _\-E_as Hasse iS —ci—
| gowex attvactive Corre bli) ovremost osc _oncleys-
Bo Aromic radivs ee SiS
=» Axomic KahwS = Sisiance ‘bl wi_Me cankex_vP_ Ye _nos
exes’ =
Te neat Hue xosd is Ae Sows VoL Eas ae distance ol
~__ | Ho wuehess andl ovtecmost 22m how Hho Tb weqpicecd —
1S Dora. eee
einymeet
Cee Oe [uses
menor LC) enone ef Lonisation Enorquy. SeewS
“Down a_grp tw lorizotion AWECHL) AECKECLES AS mew
~~ | SWANS axe ached hawie Ghiilding efect & uo 2
— 1 GHomic radivs incxeases, Wis IS More Paderhy\ Wan Ae
——_ltwrtoage in nucieus! Cor go. Wanee Me TE decreases
— +} Atrcsss 0 period the loMisadion SNEIAY ANCKROSRS AS 1he.
proton no. inteases ond tne ho: iG) Slat Shay Wu some
— rence Hae efective woenear. Coarge iMereases caving Mao Oko mic.
| radius tn detcoase Py
BN iain
Pots IE of WN is less Mon MO? © vemoved from Mois in fue
Wig hor ewig) Bp oxtitas which is furtiios Gom Hue Wuclens thon the
148 2 _ decknn Daina Ye vemoved frorn Ng. Nuclear etscaction
——BXeas fer 8i than 8s wene\E oh RLis less than
|< Te TE Of S ig fersex thaw Pi é! Nbitig Asis Hae grep ane ionic Tactivs incveases 2) Chapter A= Poms; Molecules § stoichiometny a3 HI
|Relodive moss = z
| Upromie mass -unigited avg Moss of om a trig cAs)
— |“ tnotecsiay mass = mass of a Mmaleesle Cyd
— | / formsin moss = mass Of oe SoxHUIr VOI Of Q commpooNC z
L\Sm HOBIE WIOSS — Mass OF A HUNAN (SOARS Of AM alomtias compared
__|¥o Re ioere ome oor of KE has amass OF OACHY \oKits 1
—_Moje- Su omnuat of Suostonce Mncd hos tnt Some number [by
OE poeritles 6 Apgre ane atoms in D2xaCHY ag OC sae fw
—} Sorpon= a \googe oe
—}-RusgadtOs Lanstonk —nomber_s\_qbedicles Ww 6 moles b.08 x8
Lae
MaAsS=
Qives_Simplest xotio of di!
__| Eepivical foot
__| & worectte — = = :
Molecilaw formula ton He taleulatel by Sig tix and sha cai erica _
| Roemiota. Moleuitar Com gha=Cemprsicaili formated
NS woleculaw wass | mass lemperisG
—fo_tompnsitiod = pigoiC Wisc v wn a mnlec y inn
RGexent OkOms present in
| Movs = Hass Ni ist SK AM :
= ee
Oppes asses mb cake — 3
__|_ contend rodson= AE Unie Vowme= dn? intr = tae
“Sarackuye - Giiawt lonic Nats} ce o
-wiah WP % SP
