Adverb Clause
Adverbial Clause is a Clause (subsentence) that functions as
an Adverb, which describes a verb.
Adverbial clauses are usually classified based on the
"meaning" of the conjunction.
The types of Adverbial Clauses include :
1. Clause of Time
Clause indicating the time. It is usually created using
conjunctions such as after, before, no sooner, while,
as, etc.
Example:
Shut the door before you go out.
You may begin when(ever) you are ready.
While he was walking home, he saw an
accident. By the time I arrive, Alex will have
left.
No sooner had she entered than he gave an order.
2. Clause of Place
Clause indicating the place. It is usually created using
conjunctions such as where, nowhere, anywhere, wherever, etc.
Example:
They sat down wherever they could find empty seats
The guard stood where he was positioned.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest. Go
where you like.
3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)
Clause that indicates the existence of a conflict between two events
or events that are interconnected. It is usually created using
conjunctions such as although, though, even though, whereas,
even if, in spite of, as the time
example:
As the time you were sleeping, we were working hard. Mary wanted to
stop, whereas I wanted to go on. Although it is late, we'll stay a little
longer.
He is very friendly, even if he is a clever student.
4. Clause of Manner
A clause that shows how a job is done or an event occurs. It is
usually created using conjunctions such as as, how, like, in
that, etc.
Example:
He did as I told him.
You may finish it how you like.
They may beat us again, like they did in 1978.
5. Clause of Purpose and Result
Clause that shows the relationship between purpose and result. It
is usually created using conjunctions such as (in order) that, so
that, in the hope that, to the end that, lest,
in case, dll.
Example:
They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.
She bought a book so (that) she could learn English
He is saving his money so that he may take a long vacation.
I am working night and day in the hope that I can finish this
book soon.
6. Clause of Cause and Effect
Clause that indicates the cause and effect relationship. There are
several patterns forming this type of [Link] carefully.
Example:
Ryan ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record. It
was so cold yesterday that I didn't want to swim.
The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more
The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the
class.
Contoh:
The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own
baseball team.
I had so few job offers that it wasn't difficult to select one.
Contoh:
He has invested so much money in the project that he cannot
abandon it now.
The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the
heat.
Contoh:
It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors. ATAU It
was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors.
It was such an interesting book that he couldn't put it down.
ATAU It was so interesting a book that he couldn't put it
down.
Contoh:
She has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of
her.
They are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one.
Perry has had such bad luck that he's decided not to gamble.
This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it.
In addition, to reveal the relationship of cause and effect
(cause and effect) can be used other patterns, namely:
1. Using Prepositions such as because of, due to, due to the
fact that, dll
Contoh:
Because of the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed
home because of the cold weather)
Due to the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home
due to the cold weather)
Due to the fact that the weather was cold, we stayed home.
(=We stayed home due to the fact that the weather was cold)
2. Use conjunctions such as
because, since, now, that, as, as long as, inasmuch as
Example:
Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.
Since he's not interested in classical music, he decided not to
go to the concert.
As she had nothing in particular to do, she called up a friend
and asked her if she wanted to take in a movie.
Inasmuch as the two government leaders could not reach an
agreement, the possibilities for peace are still remote.
3. Use transition words as therefore, consequently.
Example:
Alex failed the test because he didn't study.
Alex didn't study. Therefore, he failed the test.
Alex didn't study. Consequently, he failed the test.
Note:
Some Adverb Clauses can be converted into Modifying Phrases
by:
1) Remove the subject from dependent clauses and verbs
(be).
Example:
a. ADVERB CLAUSE : While I was walking to class, I ran
into an old friend.
b. MODIFYING PHRASE : While walking to class, I ran into an
old friend.
2) If there is no be in the Adverb Clause, remove the subject and
change the verb in the Adverb Clause to the form -ing.
Example:
a. ADVERB CLAUSE : Before I left for work, I ate
breakfast.
b. MODIFYING PHRASE : Before leaving for work, I ate
breakfast.
Adverb Clause can be changed to a Modifying Phrase if the
subject of the adverb Clause and the subject of the main
Clause are the same.
Example:
1. CHANGEABLE
While I was sitting in class, I fell asleep MENJADI While sitting
in class, I fell asleep.
While Ann was sitting in class, she fell asleep MENJADI While
sitting in class, Ann fell asleep.
Since Mary came to this country, she has made many friends
MENJADI Since coming to this country, Mary has made many
friends.
2. IMMUTABLE
While the teacher was lecturing to the class, I fell asleep.
While we were walking home, a frog hopped across the road in
front of us.
7. Clause of Condition
Clause that indicates the existence of a requirement between two
related events (events). It is usually made using conjunctions such
as if, even if, unless, in the even that, or in even that, in case,
provided (that), providing (that), on condition that, if only,
suppose (that), supposing (that), etc.
Example:
If I see him, I will invite him to the party tomorrow.
She would forgive her husband everything, if only he
would come back to her
