CET203

Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics

MODULE I

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 Introduction

Fluid Mechanics

Fluid Statics Fluid Dynamics

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Mechanics: The oldest physical science that deals with both stationary and
moving bodies under the influence of forces.

Statics: The branch of mechanics that deals with bodies at rest.

Dynamics: The branch that deals with bodies in motion

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Areas of Application (to mention few) Image from Cengel - Cimbala
Fluid Mechanics Fundamentals and applications

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 Fluid statics
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 Topics discussed
• Introduction to the subject - Fluid properties (mass density, specific weight, viscosity,
specific gravity), Classification of Fluids (prerequisite no questions from this section)

• Fluid statics

• Variation of pressure in a fluid, measurement of fluid pressure using piezometers

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and manometers, U-tube manometers,

• Forces on immersed plane placed vertical and inclined positions. Hydrostatic

force on curved surfaces

• Practical application of total pressure on spillway gates.

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Fluid Properties
1. Density (r) (decreases with rise in T)
 mass per unit volume ( kg/m3 )
- for water density = 1000 kg/m3

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© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc
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Fluid Mechanics Fundamentals and applications
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Measurement of pressure

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Fluid Mechanics Fundamentals and applications
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How to measure pressure
Piezometer Tube

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Hydrostatic Forces on Surfaces

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 Image from
ShivKumar, Fluid Mechanics,
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Principles
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16.

*annular ring

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 Pressure distribution diagram

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Fluid Mechanics Fundamentals and applications SJCET/CE/JJS/CET203/I Image from Modi and Seth,Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics
 Total Pressure

Centre of Pressure

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Practical Applications of Total Pressure And Centre of Pressure

• Several Hydraulic structures are subjected to hydrostatic pressure forces.

• In design, it is necessary to compute magnitude of these forces and to locate

point of application on the structure.

Common structures are

Dams

Gates

Tanks
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 Dams

Image from Modi and Seth,Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics 92

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Gates

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 Image from
R K Rajput, Fluid Mechanics
and Hydraulic machines

SJCET/CE/JJS/CET203/I Plan and Elevation of a pair of Lock gates 95

A step-by-step approach can greatly
simplify problem solving.

The assumptions made while solving an

engineering problem must be reasonable
and justifiable.

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Previous year University Questions (Theory)

1. Differentiate between simple manometer and differential manometer

2. Define the terms gauge pressure, vacuum pressure and absolute pressure.
Indicate their relative positions on a chart.

3. What is a pressure distribution diagram? What are the applications of such

diagram?

4. Obtain an expression for centre of pressure of a lamina paced in inclined

position.

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Text Books
1. Modi P. N. and S. M. Seth, Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics, S.B.H Publishers,
New Delhi,2002.

2. Subramanya K., Theory and Applications of Fluid Mechanics, Tata McGraw-Hill,

1993.

3. Subramanya K., Flow in Open channels, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2009.

#All images in this pdf (except indicated) taken from - A Textbook of Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulic
Machines By R K Bansal

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References
1. Streeter.V.L. Fluid Mechanics, Mc Graw Hill Publishers.

2. Bruce R Munson, Donald F Young . Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, John Wiley &sons, 2011.

3. Jain A. K., Fluid Mechanics, Khanna Publishers, Delhi, 1996.

4. Joseph Katz, Introductory Fluid Mechanics, Cambridge University Press, 2015

5. Arora.K.R. Fluid Mechanics, Hydraulics and Hydraulic Machines, Standard Publishers,2005.

[Link] S., A First Course in Fluid Mechanics, University Press (India) Pvt. Ltd.,2006.

7. [Link], Fluid Mechanics, Mc Graw Hill, 2013.

8. Mohanty.A.K. Fluid Mechanics, Prentice Hall, New Delhi, 2011

9. Narayana Pillai,N. Principles of Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Machines, University Press,2011.

10. Kumar.D.N. Fluid Mechanics and Fluid power Engineering, [Link] & sons, 2013.
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