Simulation Laboratory Report

Title of Simulation Activity:

Performing Speed Control of DC Motor by

using Ward- Leonard Method of Speed
Control
Activity No: 4

Name Signature

Duhig, Gil Nikko O. ______________________________

Genobia, Niño Christian V. ______________________________

Menguito, Gianne Mark ______________________________

Navarro, Ethan Clark G. ______________________________

Suano, John Lean D. ______________________________

Simulation Activity performed on date March 24, 2023

Report submitted on date March 25, 2023

Instructor: Engr. Junrey C. Bacus, [Link]., REE

 I. Abstract

In the ward-leonard strategy, the speed control of D.C. engine can be gotten by
fluctuating the applied voltage to the armature. M is the primary DC motor whose speed
must be controlled in this approach, and G is a separate excited DC generator that is
powered by a three-phase induction motor. The "motor-generator set" consists of an ac
driving motor and a dc generator. In this laboratory report, the main objective is to perform
speed control of dc motor by using ward-Leonard method of speed control. The speed
control of a DC motor was observed by armature resistance control. In the experiment, a
virtual DC motor simulator was used to apply and understand the relationship of how
variable voltage functions together with motor speed. Based on the results, the findings
showed that as the knob (field resistance or simply increasing the resistance) was
manipulated which controls the voltage output of the DC generator, the voltage decreases.
As the voltages decreases, the motor speed increases. Therefore, by plotting the achieved
data results, it was able to visualize and determine that both shares, a directly proportional
relationship between the Voltage and Speed (Motor) and is inverse due to the field
resistance reaction of the DC motor, which limits and control the variable output voltage in
the DC motor.

II. Procedures
1. All terminal points were connected in accordance with the following:
• Points A1, B1, C1 of MCB Switch to input points A2, B2, C2 of
Autotransformer respectively.
• Output points E1, F1, G1 of Autotransformer to points E2, F2, G2 of
Induction Motor respectively.
• Points D1 of DC Supply with point D2 of Starter.
• Points K1 of DC Supply with points M1, K2 of DC Generator, and point L1
of DC Motor.
• Points H1 of Starter with point H2 of DC Generator Field Resistance and I1
of DC Motor.
• Points J1 of Starter with point J2 of Voltmeter and with point I2 of DC
 Generator. Points I2 of DC generator with point M2 of DC motor.
• Point M1 of DC generator with point N1 of DC motor.
• Point N2 of DC generator with point O1 of DC Generator Field Resistance.
• Point L1 of DC Motor with point L2 of Voltmeter.
• Point L2 of Voltmeter with point M1 of DC generator.
2. Next, the “Check” button was clicked to check the connections if correctly
connected.
3. The MCB was tapped to turn on the circuit. The DC Supply and Starter already
working.
4. Then, the autotransformer was double clicked. The DC Generator Field Resistance,
Voltmeter, DC Motor were turned ON.
5. Now, the slider of the DC generator Field Resistance was slide. The speed of DC
Motor was controlled by it. The readings of Voltmeter and RPM Meter had shown in
the box.
6. To add the values, the “Add” Button was clicked to reflect to the Observation Table.
7. The “Create Graph” button was clicked to make a respective graph regarding the
values in above table. (Note: The Create Graph button is disabled until you switch on
the MCB.)

III. Final Connections Diagram

Figure 3.1 Correct Connections in “ON” state

 Above are the correct connections in performing the speed control of dc motor by
using ward- leonard method of speed control. The Simulation displays a combination of
AC driving motor and the DC generator, such is called “Motor Generator set. Virtual
Labs online simulator was used to represent the experiment.
IV. Data Sheets
Table 1. Final Laboratory Data Sheet

Slide No. Voltage (V) Speed (rpm)

1 194 V 1474 rpm
2 177 V 1425 rpm
3 168 V 1398 rpm
4 164 V 1301 rpm
5 158 V 1262 rpm
6 155 V 1163 rpm
7 142 V 962 rpm

Table 1 shows the final sheet of the laboratory data. In the experiment, the Speed
Value and Voltage was observed during the simulation.

V. Results

From the table, you can observe that speed decreases as voltage input was decreased. It
was evident that speed is directly proportional to voltage. In the experiment, ward-Leonard
system was used to study the relation between the speed and voltage. In this method, the
variable voltage to be applied to the motor armature was obtained from an additional
separately excited DC generator, and the motor under control was also run as a separately
excited motor. The armature voltage control was being achieved by varying the field of the
DC generator. By manipulating the value of the field resistance in the DC generator, it was
observed that as the field resistance was increased, it inversely effected the variable voltage
and the motor speed output. Therefore, to control the voltage to the dc generator, the field
regulator is used, so by regulating the value from zero to maximum, the dc voltage gets
regulated at a stature point. The regulated dc voltage is being fed to the controlled dc motor.
VI. Curves

Figure 4.1 Plot of Speed (rpm) vs. Voltage (V)

The internal characteristic curve represents the relation between the armature voltage
(V) and the speed (rpm). From the graph, you can see that as the voltage increases, the
speed also increases due to a control in resistance. In the plotted graph, speed is directly
proportional to armature voltage. So, when there was an increase of the voltage input in the
Motor-Generator, there was a decrease of field resistance in the DC generator which
correlates to the increase to the motor speed output and vice versa.

VII. Discussion and Conclusion

Based on the results, the findings showed that as the knob (field resistance or simply
increasing the resistance) was manipulated which controls the voltage output of the DC
generator, the voltage decreases. As the voltages decreases, the motor speed increases.
It was evident that speed is directly proportional to voltage. In the experiment, ward-
Leonard system was used to study the relation between the speed and voltage. In this
method, the variable voltage to be applied to the motor armature was obtained from an
additional separately excited DC generator, and the motor under control was also run as
a separately excited motor. The armature voltage control was being achieved by varying
 the field of the DC generator. When the motor excitation is constant and the applied
voltage V is varied, the speed will be almost directly proportional to the armature
voltage. Therefore, to control the voltage to the dc generator, the field regulator is used,
so by regulating the value from zero to maximum, the dc voltage gets regulated at a
stature point. The regulated dc voltage is being fed to the controlled dc motor.
In addition, when output voltage of the generator is fed to the motor, the motor starts
and if the generator output varies which is demonstrated during the simulation, so does
the variation in speed of the motor.
In some cases, by altering the polarity of the voltage that is applied to the motor's
armature, the system can be modified to allow for both forward and reverse motor
operation. By reversing the field current of the separately excited variable voltage
generator, this condition can be fulfilled. A three-phase constant speed induction motor
powers the Ward Leonard system's variable voltage generator.
All in all, ward-Leonard method has overall-efficiency, though poor, is still much
higher than that obtained in armature voltage control using series resistance. A very
large range of speed variation is possible.

VIII. Bibliography

El-pro-cus. “What is Ward Leonard Method: Advantages & Its Applications”.

Retrieved from [Link]
its-applications/ last March 24, 2023.
Mohan, N. (2012) Electric Machines and Drives: A First Course. Wiley.
Veltman, Pulle, and DeDoncker. (2011) Advanced Electrical Drives: Analysis,
Modeling, Control. Springer.
Kirtley, J.L. (2010) Electric Power Principles: Sources, Conversion, Distribution, and
Use. Wiley.
Veltman, Pulle, and DeDoncker. (2007) Fundamentals of Electrical Drives. Springer.
Boldea and Nasar. Electric Drives. CRC Press, 2nd ed.
Chiasson, J. (2005) Modeling and High-Performance Control of Electric Machines.
Wiley-IEEE.
Krause, Wasynczuk, and Sudhoff. (2002) Analysis of Electric Machinery and Drive
 \Systems,IEEE Press, 2nd ed.
Amin, B. (2002) Induction Motors: Analysis and Torque Control. Springer.
Mohan, N. (2001) Advanced Electric Drives: Analysis, -Control and Modeling using
Simulink published by MNPERE ([Link]).
Leonhard, W. (2001) Control of Electrical Drives. Springer, 3rd ed.

IX. Observed Laboratory Data