DBMS=DBMS (database management
system) य programs collection users
create, delete औ maintain .
DBMS ए य य database data store, manage, retrieve औ
define ए य .
य user औ database interface य .
commands user database य
य ए general purpose ए
:-
1. Data Definition – य database organization define
definition create, delete औ modify ए य .
2. Data Updation – य database data insert, delete,
औ modify ए य .
3. Data Retrieval – य database data
retrieve ए य .
4. User Administrator – य users register औ monitor ए
य औ य data integrity maintain , data security
, performance monitor औ concurrency control ए
य .
Types of DBMS
1. Hierarchical
2. Network
3. Relational
4. Object-oriented
Hierarchical
, data tree structure organise .
top down य bottom up format . data parent-child
relationship .
parent-child model entity
ए parent औ children ए entity
root
data retrieve ए tree traverse
record .
य banking औ telecommunication य .
य data access औ update
.
य structure apply य . य
flexible .
Network
य , structure य entities relationship create
ए .
य digital computers य . य database hierarchical
ए child parent . child
members औ parents occupier .
य य access ए
easy .
य records update औ insert complex
.
Relational
य य य औ
use य . data ए table rows औ columns .
data insert, delete, update ए SQL य य .
table relation .
popular relational DBMS :- DB2, oracle, SQL server, RDB
Object-oriented
data objects .औ structure class
. य programming capability . database application
create ए codes . औ codes maintain
.
object oriented DBMS 1880 य य . य database
programming language :- :- c++, JAVA, RUBY, PYTHON,
.
Application
1. Banking customer , payment, account
य , deposit औ Loan ए य .
2. airlines ticket booking, औ ए य .
3. College और School student , course , औ result
ए य .
4. Telecommunication call records, bills औ balance
ए DBMS use य .
Data Abstraction
DBMS Data abstraction य य data
य ए य य य
ए य
user
ए य
Database य
य ए औ
Database Management System (DBMS) य
implementation ( य य ) औ Background description ( )
य ए
औ य
data model
data model य describe ए ए
relationship data model य define
logical structure य य data model organize ( )
store ( )
data model logical design औ physical design
य य
, improve ए data model य
concept communicate औ specify ए य
advantage
1:- increased effectiveness
2:- reduced costs
3:- simplicity
4:- minimum redundancy
5:- reduced risk
6:- faster performance
Types of data models
E-R MODEL
E-R model entity relationship model . य database design ए
graphical approach . diagram visual representation
य .
य entity/relationship य real world objects ए .
entity – ER model ए entity, real world object . entities properties
attribute . ए SCHOOL database student ए entity .
relationship – entities association relationship . mapping
cordinalities association -
one to one
one to many
many to one
many to many
Difference between Physical and Logical
Data Independence in Hindi
Physical Data Independence Logical Data Independence
य (concern) data य structure य data definition
system store य changes concern
physical independence
logical independence .
.
physical level changes ए logical level changes ए
application program level changes application level change
.
य internal schema . य conceptual schema .
structure ए internal level य logical structure ,
य .. logical level य य
र - compression , hashing र – ए attribute add/modify य delete
algorithm, storage device . .
SQL Aggregate Functions
Aggregate Functions Value Group Calculation ए Single
Value Return . ए
.
[Link] Function Description
1 AVG() य Values Average Returns .
2 SUM() य SUM Values Returns .
3 COUNT() य Result Set Rows Returns .
4 MAX() य Maximum Values Returns .
5 MIN() य Minimum Values Returns .
SQL String Functions
String Functions Input Value य औ य String य Numeric Value
Return .
[Link] Function Description
1 CONCAT() य य String Values ए String Return
2 CONCAT_WS() य Separator य String Values
String Return .
3 FORMAT() य Specified Format ए Formatted Value Return
.
4 LOWER() य ए String Lowercase Converts .
5 UPPER() य ए String Uppercase Converts .
6 TRIM() य String Leading औ Trailing Spaces Remove
7 REVERSE() य String values Reverse Order Return .
8 SUBSTRING() य String Substring Return .
