Geometry Ch 3 Notes: Transformations 2020
3.1 Notes: Reflections
Objectives:
Students will be able to reflect objects over each axis.
Students will be able to reflect objects over horizontal and vertical lines.
Students will be able to identify transformations that are reflections.
Exploration: Use the following link to explore reflections: [Link]
Click on the boxes to show the Original, the Reflect, and the Mirror Line.
Move the points and the mirror line around.
What do you notice?
Compare and contrast the original shape and its reflection. What is the same? What is different?
A transformation is when a shape is 1)
___________, resulting in an 2)
Transformation image. There are four main types of 3)
transformations. 4)
A reflection is a type of
Reflection transformation where a shape is
___________ over a line.
The pre-image is the original shape Notation:
___________ the transformation. Pre-Image Image
Pre-Image and
Image The image is the shape
_____________ the transformation.
Example 1: Which options below show a reflection? Select all that apply.
A) B) C)
D) E) F)
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Geometry Ch 3 Notes: Transformations 2020
Example 2: Reflect the given figure in the x-axis. Example 3: Reflect the given figure in the y-axis.
Look for a pattern! Compare the coordinates of each Look for a pattern! Compare the coordinates of each
pre-image and image. pre-image and image.
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
𝐴’ 𝐵’ 𝐶’ 𝐴’ 𝐵’ 𝐶’
Make a conjecture about reflecting in the x-axis: Make a conjecture about reflecting in the x-axis:
Compare the images and pre-images for #2 and 3. Because the image triangles are the
same _______________ and same _______________ as the pre-images , we can say that any
reflection is a RIGID TRANSFORMATION.
Reminder of graphing horizontal and vertical lines:
Equation Graph
Horizontal
Lines
Vertical
Lines
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Geometry Ch 3 Notes: Transformations 2020
Example 4: Reflect the shape in 𝑦 = 1. Example 5: Reflect the shape in the 𝑥 = 1.
Find the coordinates of each image. Find the coordinates of each image.
𝐴’ 𝐵’ 𝐶’ 𝑊′ 𝑋′
You Try # 6 – 9:
Example 6: Reflect the shape in the y-axis. Example 7: Reflect the shape in the x-axis.
Find the Find the
coordinates of coordinates of
each image. each image.
𝑃′ 𝑃′
𝑄′ 𝑄′
𝑅′ 𝑅′
Example 8: Reflect the shape over x = 3. Example 9: Reflect the shape over 𝑦 = −2.
Find the
Find the
coordinates of each
coordinates of each
image.
image.
𝐷′
𝑊′
𝐸′
𝑋′
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Geometry Ch 3 Notes: Transformations 2020
3.2 Notes: Translations
Objectives:
Students will be able to translate objects along a vector.
Students will be able to use both vector and coordinate notation for translations.
Students will be able to identify transformations that are translations.
Exploration: Use the following link to explore translations: [Link]
Move the arrow around, and also move around points A, B, and C.
Move the points and the mirror line around.
What do you notice?
Compare and contrast the original shape and its image. What is the same? What is different?
A translation is a _____________
motion where the coordinates are
Translation moved according to a set pattern,
called a vector.
〈3, −2〉 means
A vector is a method of
communicating how ____- and
Vector _____- coordinates change for a 〈−4, 6〉 means
translation.
Example 1: Which options below show a translation? Select all that apply.
A) B) C)
D) E) F)
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Geometry Ch 3 Notes: Transformations 2020
Example 2: Example 3:
Translate the given figure along 〈3, −4〉. Translate the given figure along 〈−2, 1〉.
Find the coordinates of each image. Find the coordinates of each image.
𝐴’ 𝐵’ 𝐶’ 𝐴’ 𝐵’ 𝐶’
Example 4: Example 5:
Write the translation vector for Write the translation vector for
∆ABC to ∆A′B′C′ ∆ABC to ∆A′B′C′
A’
B’ C’
(𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑥 + 3, 𝑦 − 5)
means
Coordinate Notation is a method
Coordinate of communicating how ____- and
_____- coordinates change for a (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑥 − 4, 𝑦 + 1)
Notation
translation. means
Example 6: Describe the movements for the following translation: (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑥 − 10, 𝑦 + 4).
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Geometry Ch 3 Notes: Transformations 2020
Example 7: Translate the given figure along Example 8: Write the translation (in
(𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑥 + 2, 𝑦 − 3). coordinate form) for the movement shown.
Find the coordinates of each image.
𝐴’ 𝐵’ 𝐶’
Example 9: Multiple Choice: Why is a translation a rigid transformation?
A) Because the rules are strict and must be followed for translations.
B) Because the image and the pre-image are the same size and shape.
C) Trick question! A translation is not a rigid transformation.
Challenge Problem!
Note: If more than one transformation is performed on a point 𝐴, then the image after the first
transformation is 𝐴′; the image after the second transformation is 𝐴′′, and so forth.
Point A(3, -2) is reflected in the x-axis, and then translated along the vector 〈−4, −5〉. What are the
coordinates for 𝑨′′ after both transformations?
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Geometry Ch 3 Notes: Transformations 2020
3.3 Notes: Rotations
Objectives:
Students will be able to rotate shapes around the origin.
Students will be able to identify transformations that are rotations.
Exploration: Use the following link to explore rotations: [Link]
Move the coordinates of triangle ABC around.
Compare the coordinates for each pre-image and image.
What do you notice?
Compare and contrast the original shape and its image. What is the same? What is different?
A rotation is a _______________
motion where each point is turned the
Rotation
same direction and number of degrees.
A clockwise rotation is when the pre-
Clockwise image is turned in the ___________
Rotation direction as the hands of a clock (to
the right.)
Counter- A counter-clockwise rotation is
when the pre-image is turned in the
Clockwise ________________ direction as the
Rotation hands of a clock (to the left.)
Common angles of rotation:
90 degrees
180 degrees
The angle of rotation is the number 270 degrees
Angle of
of degrees that a shape is turned about
Rotation the origin.
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Geometry Ch 3 Notes: Transformations 2020
Example 1: Which transformations below show a rotation? Select all that apply.
A) B)
C) D)
How to find the image of a rotation about the origin:
Examples #2 – 7: For each rotation about the origin, find the image. Note: CCW means
“counter-clockwise”
You try #4!
2) 𝐴(3, 5); 90° clockwise 3) 𝐵(−2, 3); 90° clockwise 4) 𝐶(−1, −4); 90° clockwise
You try #7!
5) 𝐷(0, −5); 90° CCW 6) 𝐸(2, 4); 90° CCW 7) 𝐹(4, −3); 90° CCW
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Geometry Ch 3 Notes: Transformations 2020
Examples #8 – 13: For each rotation about the origin, find the image. Note: CCW means
“counter-clockwise”
You try #10!
8) 𝐴(3, 5); 180° clockwise 9) 𝐵(−2, 3); 180° CCW 10) 𝐶(−1, −4); 180° clockwise
You try #13!
11) 𝐷(0, −5); 270° clockwise 12) 𝐸(2, 4); 270° CCW 13) 𝐹(4, −3); 270° CCW
Challenge problem! Given the point 𝐺(2, −3); first reflect 𝐺 in the y-axis; then, translate
𝐺 ′ along the vector 〈−4, −5〉; finally, rotate 𝐺′′ 90 degrees clockwise about the origin. Find the
location of 𝐺 ′′′ .
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Geometry Ch 3 Notes: Transformations 2020
3.4 Notes: Parallel Lines and Angle Relationships
Objectives:
Students will be able to identify angle pair relationships.
Students will be able to solve problems with parallel lines.
If two lines are parallel,
Parallel Lines
then they are
______________ and do
// not _______________.
A transversal is a line
Transversal that ____________ two or
more lines.
If two angles are
Corresponding Angles,
then they are in the same
Corresponding _____________ for each
Angles point of intersection of a There are 4 pairs of corresponding angles in this
diagram:
line and the transversal.
Exploration: Use the following link to explore corresponding angles with parallel lines:
[Link]
Move the slider and the colored lines around.
Check on boxes to see all the different pairs of corresponding angles.
What do you notice? Make a conjecture about corresponding angles formed by parallel lines.
Corresponding If _______ lines, then
Angles Corresponding Angles
Theorem are _______________.
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Geometry Ch 3 Notes: Transformations 2020
Examples 1 – 2: For each example, given that a // b, find the value of each missing angle.
You try #2!
1) 2)
Examples 3 – 6: Find the value of the variable, given that a // b.
3) 4)
You try #5 – 6!
5) 6)
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Geometry Ch 3 Notes: Transformations 2020
If two angles are Alternate
Interior Angles, then they
Alternate
are nonadjacent interior ∠s
Interior Angles
that lie on ___________
sides of the transversal t.
Alternate If _______ lines, then
Interior Angle Alternate Interior Angles
Theorem are _________.
For #7 – 10, find the value of the variable.
7) 8)
You try #9 – 10!
9) Given that a // b. 10)
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Geometry Ch 3 Notes: Transformations 2020
If two angles are
Consecutive Interior
Consecutive Angles, then they are
Interior Angles interior ∠s that lie on the
same _________ of the
transversal t.
If _________ lines, then
Consecutive
consecutive interior angles
Interior Angles
are
Theorem
______________________.
Example #11: Identify each pair of angles as alternate interior, corresponding, or consecutive interior.
a. b. c.
For #12 – 14, find the variable(s) in each diagram.
12) 13)
14)
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