AT-940

FLIGHT INSPECTION
SYSTEM MANUAL

Revision 3 — August 2011

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 AT-940 Flight Inspection System Manual

Revision 3
Date: August 2011

This document is hereby approved for issue.

No modifications may be made to this
document without the approval of the
undersigned:

(R M Thompson)
Issuing Authority

(M Flewellen)
Engineering Manager

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AT-940 Flight Inspection System Manual Revision History

Revision History

Date Revision Section Description of Change

15.12.10 1 All New document

17.6.11 2 3,7 New calibration procedures
Added site data and database management
22.8.11 3 All Rewritten calibration procedures following
UKCAA Audit

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AT-940 Flight Inspection System Manual Table of Contents

Table of Contents

1. Abbreviations ................................................................................. 1

2. Introduction .................................................................................... 2
System Overview....................................................................................... 2
System Features ....................................................................................... 4
Computer-Based ....................................................................................... 4
Automatic Analysis of Common Parameters ............................................. 4
High-Resolution Graphical Display of Data ............................................... 4
All Data Samples Stored to Hard Disk ...................................................... 4
Each Recording Archived as an Independent Disk File with Time
and Date Stamp ............................................................................... 4
Automatic, Computer Assisted, Digital Calibration .................................... 4
Small and Lightweight for use in Most Aircraft .......................................... 5
PC Records and Displays Data in Real Time ............................................ 5
Data Hard Copies Available from Personal Computer and Printer ........... 5
GPS Position Reference and Map Display ................................................ 5
Modes of Operation ................................................................................... 5
Remote Mode ............................................................................................ 5
Local Mode ................................................................................................ 5
Airborne Equipment ................................................................................... 6
AT-940 Signal Processing Unit (SPU) ....................................................... 8
AT-940 Avionics Sensor Unit (ASU) ........................................................ 10
AT-940 Ground Reference Station (GRS)............................................... 12
Digital Theodolite ..................................................................................... 13
Host Computer ........................................................................................ 13

3. Verification, Calibration and Certification ................................. 14

Verification/ Calibration Interval ............................................................... 15
Calibration Certificate .............................................................................. 15
Calibration Following Repair .................................................................... 16
Equipment Required ................................................................................ 17
ILS/VOR .................................................................................................. 17
DME 17
Equipment Setup ..................................................................................... 17
Equipment Warm-Up............................................................................... 18
Verification and Calibration Frequencies ................................................. 19
Tuning the AT-940 ................................................................................... 19
Localiser Verification ............................................................................... 20
Glideslope Verification ............................................................................. 25
VOR Verification ...................................................................................... 30
DME Verification ...................................................................................... 34

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AT-940 Flight Inspection System Manual Table of Contents

Calibration ............................................................................................... 37
Automatic Calibration (Autocal) ............................................................... 37
Host computer Autocal Network Setup ................................................... 37
Frequency Setup ..................................................................................... 39
Autocal Procedure ................................................................................... 40
DME Calibration ...................................................................................... 41
Equipment Setup ..................................................................................... 41
Equipment Tuning ................................................................................... 41
Performing the Calibration ....................................................................... 42
DME Range ............................................................................................. 42
Received Signal Level (RSL) ................................................................... 43

4. System Installation and Setup ................................................... 44

Aircraft Requirements .............................................................................. 44
Airborne Equipment Installation............................................................... 44
Ground Reference Station Setup ............................................................ 46

5. System Testing ............................................................................ 47

Equipment Required ................................................................................ 47
Initial Setup .............................................................................................. 47
IFR 4000 Modes of Operation ................................................................. 48
VOR 48
Localiser .................................................................................................. 48
Glideslope................................................................................................ 48
Marker: .................................................................................................... 49
Localiser Testing ..................................................................................... 50
Glide Slope Testing ................................................................................. 51
VOR Testing ............................................................................................ 52
Interference with Aircraft Systems ........................................................... 52

6. Airfield Survey ............................................................................. 53

Promark 3 RTK™ Survey Tool ................................................................ 54
Setting Up the Base Station .................................................................... 55
Configuring the Base Station ................................................................... 56
Setting Up the Rover ............................................................................... 58
Configuring the Rover.............................................................................. 59
Initialising the Rover ................................................................................ 59

7. Aircraft Antenna Calibration Procedure .................................... 61

Equipment Required ................................................................................ 61
Overview of Procedure ............................................................................ 62
Site Considerations ................................................................................. 62
Localiser Measurements ......................................................................... 62
Radiation Pattern ..................................................................................... 64
Glideslope Measurements ....................................................................... 64

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AT-940 Flight Inspection System Manual Table of Contents

8. Forms ............................................................................................ 65

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AT-940 Flight Inspection System Manual Abbreviations

1. Abbreviations

ADF Automatic Direction Finding

AHRS Attitude and Heading Reference System

ASU Avionics Sensor Unit

DGPS Differential Global Positioning System

DME Distance Measuring Equipment

GPS Global Positioning System

GRS Ground Reference Station

GS Glide Slope

ILS Instrument Landing System

KBD Keyboard

LOC Localiser

MKR Marker Beacon

MMR Multi-Mode Receiver

NAV Navigation

NDB Non Directional Beacon

PTT Push to Talk

PWR Power

RCU Remote Control Unit

SPU Signal Processing Unit

TLM Telemetry

VGA Video Graphics Adapter

VHF Very High Frequency

VOR VHF Omni-Range

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AT-940 Flight Inspection System Manual Introduction

2. Introduction

System Overview The AT-940 Automatic Flight Inspection System is a

computer based, fully automatic flight inspection system
used for testing, calibration and certification of ground
based navigation aids.

The AT-940 has the following capabilities:

1. ILS Categories I, II and III

2. VOR

3. DME

4. NDB

5. 75 MHz Marker Beacon

6. VHF Communications

The AT-940 consists of four primary components:

1. Signal Processing Unit (SPU)

2. Avionics Sensor Unit (ASU)

3. Ground Reference Station (GRS)

4. Host Computer

The AT-940 airborne equipment consists of the SPU, ASU

and associated cables, aircraft antennae and accessories.
The AT-940 can operate either in single or dual ASU
modes. The airborne equipment receives the radio signals
from the navigation aid being inspected and extracts the
flight inspection parameters from the receivers for the
selected mode of operation. It also receives the GPS
corrections being sent from the GRS, and uses this data
with its own internal GPS receiver to accurately determine
the position of the aircraft antenna. All of this data is then
transmitted to a portable computer or “host” either locally
through an RS 232 serial port or to the ground via a
telemetry link.

The AT-940 airborne equipment is installed in the aircraft

in the compartment behind the rear seats of the aircraft.

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The AT-940 ground equipment consists of the GRS and

associated cables, antennae and accessories. The GRS
contains a telemetry transmitter and dual frequency GPS
receiver. The GRS is set-up at a known location on an
airfield, and provides GPS differential corrections for the
airborne GPS receiver over a radio telemetry link.

The host computer records and displays the real time flight
inspection data in both graphical and numerical formats on
a high resolution colour display.

After a flight inspection measurement is completed, the

recorded data is saved to the host computer‟s internal hard
disk drive. Each measurement is archived as an
independent disk file. The computer performs an
automatic analysis of common parameters and presents the
results on the screen.

When a hard copy is required, recordings may be printed

on a portable printer. Previously recorded data may also
be displayed and printed for comparison purposes.

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AT-940 Flight Inspection System Manual Introduction

System Features

Computer-Based A portable computer is configured as a custom data

acquisition and analysis system. Intuitive, user-friendly
software makes operation simple and uncomplicated. The
user interface, WinFIS™, is a Windows™ program, and
detailed context-sensitive “Help” is available for all system
functions. All normal measurement functions are pre-
programmed, and the operator simply selects the type of
facility to be inspected and type of measurement to be
made from the on-screen menus.

Automatic Analysis of An automatic analysis of common parameters is performed

Common Parameters immediately after a measurement is completed. Course
alignments, widths, angles, bearing errors, etc are
calculated automatically and displayed by the computer.

High-Resolution All recorded data are displayed in both graphical and

Graphical Display of numerical forms on a high resolution colour computer
Data screen, rather than on a chart recorder. Analog traces are
plotted on the screen, simulating a chart recording, and
digital values of data are displayed in engineering units.
The user can also “Zoom-IN” on selected areas of the
recorded data for detailed analysis of facility performance.

All Data Samples Stored Each data sample is stored on the computer‟s hard disk
to Hard Disk drive after completion of a measurement. The individual
data samples may be examined individually on the
computer screen, and the value of each parameter is
displayed on the screen in engineering units.

Each Recording When a measurement is completed, the data is written to

Archived as an the hard disk drive as an independent disk file. Each file is
Independent Disk File labelled with the time and date of the measurement, the
with Time and Date facility three-letter identifier, the type of navigation aid
Stamp inspected, and the type of measurement performed. The
computer automatically maintains individual files for each
airport or facility. The data may also be saved as comma-
delimited ASCII files for importing into spreadsheets and
databases.

Automatic, Computer All calibration factors are digital, and are stored in non-
Assisted, Digital volatile memory. The calibration factors are automatically
Calibration applied to the raw data in real time. For periodic system
calibrations, the system instructs the user with on-screen
messages for the required settings of the signal generator.
The new calibration factors are automatically calculated
and stored by the system.

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AT-940 Flight Inspection System Manual Introduction

Small and Lightweight The AT-940 system is very compact and lightweight, and
for use in Most Aircraft designed for use in nearly any aircraft. The airborne unit
occupies only one seat position, and is designed to be
secured in a typical right front or rear seat.

PC Records and All flight inspection data is recorded and displayed by the
Displays Data in Real host computer in real time connected to the SPU in the
Time aircraft.

Data Hard Copies Copies of flight measurements may be printed from the
Available from Personal compatible PC and printer loaded with the WinFIS™
Computer and Printer software. Data may also be distributed easily between
computers.

GPS Position Reference GPS receivers provide aircraft position versus the facility
and Map Display under test for untracked measurements. In addition, a
real-time map of the aircraft position is displayed on the
host computer during inspections.

Modes of The AT-940 may be operated in one of two modes:

Operation

Remote Mode In the “remote” mode of operation the flight inspection

data from the airborne equipment is transmitted from the
aircraft to the via a digital, radio telemetry link. The real-
time data is displayed, analyzed, and stored by a portable,
or “Host” computer located on the ground.

Local Mode In the “local” mode of operation the portable computer is

carried in the aircraft and is connected directly to the SPU.
As in the ground-based mode, all real-time data are
displayed, analyzed, and stored by the host computer. The
“local” mode of operation is also used for system
calibration.

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Airborne The airborne equipment consists of a Signal Processing

Unit (SPU) and an Avionics Sensor Unit (ASU) with
Equipment
associated cables and antennas.

Figure 1: AT-940 Front Panel

The airborne equipment has the following dimensions and

weights:

1. SPU 445 x 490 x 175 mm

19 kg

2. ASU 445 x 490 x 135 mm

22 kg

Typically the unit is installed into the aircraft by securing it

to the floor seat rails or within cockpit baggage
compartment. The AT-940 has four seat rail type mounting
brackets on the side of the units which can be used to tie
the system down to anchor points in the aircraft.

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Figure 2: Anchor Points

The AT-940 requires 12 – 30VDC. Maximum current draw

is 8 amps at 28VDC and 17 amps at 12VDC.

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AT-940 Flight Inspection System Manual Introduction

AT-940 Signal The AT-940 SPU contains the circuit board cage assembly,
telemetry modems, and two Novatel OEMV-3 DGPS
Processing Unit
receivers. A Crossbow AHRS500 Attitude and Heading
(SPU) Reference System is connected directly to the SPU to
provide attitude and heading information. The SPU
receives data from the ASU that can then be measured,
displayed and recorded in the WinFIS™ software.

The front panel of the SPU has the main power switch,
“local” or “remote” selection switch and Telemetry power
switch.

Ten circuit breakers are also located on the front panel to

allow isolation of major components the AT-940, they are
labelled:

1. 5V (5 volt power supply)

2. 12V (12 volt supply)

3. RCU (isolates the RCU telemetry modem)

4. GRS (isolates the GRS telemetry modem)

5. FAN (isolates the SPU fan)

6. ASU1 (isolates ASU #1)

7. ASU2 (isolates ASU #2)

8. GPS1 (isolates the Novatel DGPS receiver #1)

9. GPS2 (isolates the Novatel DGPS receiver #2)

10. AHRS (isolates the AHRS)

There are also four indicator LED‟s labelled:

1. PWR (Lit when system power “ON”)

2. TLM (Lit when DGPS corrections are being received

from GRS)

3. SPU (Lit when SPU microprocessor has booted up)

4. HOST (Lit when computer connected to SPU with

WinFIS recording window)

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The rear panel of the SPU has the following connectors:

1. POWER IN (main power in 12-28VDC)

2. ASU PWR OUT (ASU #1 power connector)

3. ASU PWR OUT (ASU #2 power connector)

4. ASU #1 (ASU #1 interface connector)

5. ASU #2 (ASU #2 interface connector)

6. ACFT INFC (Aircraft interface)

7. AHRS (AHRS connector)

8. HOST (Host computer connector)

9. GPS1 (Novatel GPS #1 interface)

10. GPS2 (Novatel GPS #2 interface)

11. VGA (VGA display output)

12. KBD (Keyboard connection)

13. RCU and GRS BNC (Telemetry antenna connections)

14. GPS1 and GPS2 TNC (Novatel GPS antenna

connections)

15. EVENT (local event marking)

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AT-940 Flight Inspection System Manual Introduction

AT-940 Avionics The AT-940 ASU contains a Honeywell RNZ-850

Multimode Receiver (MMR) and Garmin G420 TSO GPS
Sensor Unit (ASU)
receiver with VHF communication. The MMR receives the
RF signals and converts them to a format that can be used
by the SPU for measurement, display and recording in the
WinFIS™ software.

The front panel of the ASU has the MMR cover, under
which there is access to the MMR, and the Garmin G420
GPS unit. Please see the manufacturer‟s operation manuals
for information.

Four volume knobs are also located on the front panel

alongside headset jacks and PTT switch. These allow the
user to listen to the ident/tones on the individual
navigation aids being monitored for NAV, DME, ADF and
MKR.

The rear panel of the ASU contains six circuit breakers

which allow isolation of the individual receivers within the
MMR and ASU:

1. NAV (isolates the navigation receiver which includes

LOC, GS and VOR within the MMR)

2. DME (isolates the DME transponder within the

MMR)

3. ADF (isolates the ADF receiver within the MMR)

4. VHF (isolates the VHF RX/TX within the Garmin

G420)

5. GPS (isolates the GPS receiver within the Garmin

G420)

6. PCB (isolates the ASU fan, MMR interface and

Elapsed Time Indicator)

There are also the following RF connectors:

1. GPS (Garmin G420 GPS antenna)

2. DME ANT (DME antenna)

3. DME VIDEO (connection to oscilloscope)

4. DME SYNC (connection to oscilloscope)

5. DME SUPP (connection to oscilloscope)

6. VHF (VHF communication antenna)

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7. NAV (Navigation antenna)

8. GS (Glideslope antenna)

9. MKR (Marker Beacon antenna)

10. ADF (ADF antenna)

Multi-pin connectors:

1. POWER (connects to SPU power)

2. Interface (connects to SPU interface connector)

3. ADF (connection to ADF antenna)

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AT-940 Ground The AT-940 GRS contains a DGPS receiver, theodolite

interface circuitry, a microprocessor and a telemetry
Reference Station
modem. The GRS GPS receiver is positioned over a known
(GRS) point on an airfield, which is entered into the GRS during
configuration, and sends DGPS corrections through an RF
telemetry link to the SPU in the aircraft. If failure occurs of
the DGPS a digital theodolite can be connected and used to
track the aircraft.

The GRS top panel has the following connectors:

1. POWER (either 12VDC or 110-230VAC can be used)

2. RS-232 (configuration of the GRS GPS receiver)

3. THEO (connection to the digital theodolite if used)

4. TRACK (connection to tracking push button, used in

theodolite mode only)

5. TELEM (Telemetry antenna)

6. GPS (GPS antenna)

There are also three switches:

1. ON/OFF (Main power switch)

2. TX/OFF (for turning the telemetry modem “ON”)

3. DGPS/THEO (selection of aircraft tracking device)

Figure 3: Ground Reference Station

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AT-940 Flight Inspection System Manual Introduction

Digital Theodolite The digital theodolite is used for manual tracking of the
flight inspection aircraft, and provides aircraft angular
reference data to the SPU. The parallel theodolite is used,
which has optical encoders installed on both the azimuth
and elevation shafts. The output pulses of the optical
encoders are decoded by the GRS to monitor the relative
elevation and azimuth angles of the flight inspection
aircraft.

Host Computer The host computer is used for collecting, displaying,

analyzing, and storing all of the flight inspection data. The
make and model of the host computer used with the
system may vary. Typically used is a laptop capable of
running Windows XP™ with at least a 40GB hard disk
drive.

The WinFIS™ software is installed onto the host computer.

The following modules are available and selectable:

1. ILS

2. VOR/TACAN

3. NDB

4. GPS NPA

5. Calibration

6. Auto-CAL

See applicable WinFis™ Operation Manuals for details.

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AT-940 Flight Inspection System Manual Verification, Calibration and Certification

3. Verification, Calibration and Certification

Verification/calibration of the AT-940 is performed to

ensure that accurate results are obtained during Flight
Inspection operations. This is achieved by periodically
verifying the output of the system against a traceable
standard. The standard recommended by the Airfield
Technology for ILS, VOR and Marker Beacons is the IFR
NAV 750C Avionics Signal Generator. The recommended
DME standard is the Aeroflex ATC 1400A DME test set.

Should the verification result not be acceptable, the AT-940

must be re-calibrated using the traceable standard. The
preferred method for recalibration is the automatic option,
where the signal generator is operated by a computer.
Should this option not be available the re-calibration can be
performed manually.

Software for both these functions is provided by Airfield

Technology.

The verification and calibration procedures are to be

conducted at 21 degrees Celsius ±2 degrees. Humidity is to
be below 80%.

Note: These verification/calibration procedures must

only be carried out by a certified calibration
engineer.

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Verification/ As per manufacturers recommendations the AT-940 is to be

verified/calibrated 6 monthly and after repair (see below).
Calibration Interval

Calibration Once the verification/calibration is complete and results

acceptable a Calibration Certificate (as found in this
Certificate
manual) can be issued. Only after the certificate is complete
can the AT-940 system be used for Flight Inspection
operations.

The Calibration Certificate is filed along with the

verification spreadsheets in the AT-940 calibration folder.

It is the Flight Inspector‟s responsibility to check that the

AT-940 has a current calibration certificate issued prior to
use.

Under no circumstances can the AT-940 be used without a

current certificate

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AT-940 Flight Inspection System Manual Verification, Calibration and Certification

Calibration The replacement of components that process analogue

signals will require a full system calibration to be
Following Repair
completed followed by a verification..

These include:

o Multi Mode Receiver (MMR)

o Scaling board

o DSP board

o A/D board

Replacement of just the VOR board will only require the

VOR to be calibrated; likewise replacing the DME board
will only require the DME to be calibrated.

Replacing components that process digital signals does

NOT require calibration. These components are:

o Microprocessor (provided the CF card is transferred)

o Serial board

o Timer/Interface board

o RSB board

o Telemetry transceiver

o GPS receiver (Garmin 420)

o DGPS receiver (Novatel)

o AHRS

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AT-940 Flight Inspection System Manual Verification, Calibration and Certification

Equipment The equipment required for verification/calibration of the

AT-940 is as follows:
Required

ILS/VOR

1. IFR Nav 750C VOR/ILS Signal generator.

2. LAN to GPIB Adapter

3. DC Power supply (12 – 30VDC).

4. Host Computer with WinFIS™ software installed.

5. Cables as required

DME

1. Aeroflex ATC 1400A DME test set

2. DC Power supply (12 – 30VDC).

3. Host Computer with WinFIS™ software installed.

4. Cables as required.

Equipment Setup 1. Unpack the AT-940 SPU and ASU(s) and place them
on the bench, these are designed to stack together.

2. Connect the ASU(s) to the SPU with the power and

data cables provided.

Note: The ASU power cables can be used with

either ASU, but the system interface
cables are labelled ASU#1 and ASU#2
and can only be connected in way.

3. Connect the SPU „POWER IN‟ to the DC power

supply.

4. Set the SPU Mode Switch to „LOCAL‟.

5. Connect the host computer to the SPU „HOST‟

connector with the serial cable supplied. A USB-serial
adapter is also needed for most new computers.

6. Connect the signal generator is directly to the NAV,

GS, or DME ANT connectors on each ASU as
required.

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7. Switch the SPU TELEM switch to „OFF‟.

8. Pull the DME and VHF circuit breakers on the rear

of both ASU(s).

9. Switch the SPU PPOWER switch to „ON‟.

Figure 4: AT-940 ILS/VOR Calibration Setup

Equipment Warm- The AT-940 requires 1 hour warm up time prior to

calibration as per manufacturer‟s recommendation.
Up
The signal generator requires 10 minutes warm-up time as
per manufacturer‟s recommendation.

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Verification and Verification is performed at two separate frequencies.

Frequencies are selected to be close to the median between
Calibration
the calibration frequency and the respective end of the
Frequencies band.

The frequencies used to calibrate he AT-940 is the centre of

the relevant band

Mode Calibration Verification Verification

Frequency Frequency #1 Frequency #2

Localiser 110.10 MHz 109.10 MHz 110.90 MHz

Glideslope 332.00 MHz 330.50 MHz 333.50 MHz
(ILS 109.3 MHz) (ILS 108.7 MHz) (ILS 111.7 MHz)
VOR /DME 113.00 MHz (77X) 110.60 MHz (43X) 115.40 MHz (101x)

Tuning the AT-940 The AT-940 receivers are tuned electronically when a
recording window is opened in WinFIS™, or when the
Autocal program is used.

For the purposes of the verification, the „CAL‟ Site Data

File has been created. This file is edited to select the
desired frequency, for details refer to the WinFIS™
Operation Manual.

1. Open WinFIS™.

2. Setup Directories ensuring all three are set to

C:\WINFIS940\ILS

3. Edit site data as required to set verification frequency

as required.

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Localiser The results need to be recorded on the Localiser

Verification Excel spreadsheets found on the LAN.
Verification
The tolerances applied to the measurements are set by the
measurement uncertainty calculations. Refer to the AT-940
Measurement Uncertainty Manual.

If any results are not within the tolerances the system

will need to be calibrated and verification repeated..

1. Open WinFIS™ ILS software on the host computer

2. Edit „CAL‟ site data file for selected frequency

(109.10MHZ and 110.90MHz).

3. Setup recording window with the following settings.

4. Select „OK‟

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LOC Deviation Above 75µA

1. Set the signal generator RSL to -70.0 dBm and SDM of

40.0%.

2. Set the signal generator to the deviation DDM or µA

values listed in the table below and read the result
directly from the WinFIS™ software.

3. Record all results.

Input (150 Hz positive)

DDM µA

0.3100 300.0
0.2070 200.3
0.1550 150.0
0.1033 100.0
0.0775 75.0
-0.0775 -75.0
-0.1033 -100.0
-0.1550 -150.0
-0.2070 -200.3
-0.3100 -300.0

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LOC Deviation and Centring Below 30µA

1. Set the signal generator RSL to -70.0 dBm and SDM of

40.0%.

2. Set the signal generator deviation to the DDM or µA

values listed in the table below.

3. In the recording window, start a recording by pushing

F5.

4. Record a minimum of 50 samples.

5. Stop the recording by pushing F6.

6. Save the recording by pushing F2.

7. Record the Automatic Analysis Alignment result in µA.

8. Repeat for all values in table below.

Input (150 Hz positive)

DDM µA

0.0310 30.00
0.0207 20.0
0.0155 15.0
0.0103 10.0
0.0052 5.0
0.0000 0.0
-0.0052 -5.0
-0.0103 -10.0
-0.0155 -15.0
-0.0207 -20.0
-0.0310 -30.0

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LOC Sum of Depth of Modulation (SDM)

9. Set the signal generator RSL to -70.0 dBm and a

deviation DDM of 0.000.

10. Set the signal generator to the SDM values listed in the
table below and read the result directly from the
WinFIS™ software.

11. Record all results in forms.

Input SDM
%

30.0
32.0
34.0
36.0
38.0
40.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0

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LOC Received Signal Level (RSL) and DDM/SDM vs RSL

1. Set the signal generator SDM to 40.0% and deviation of 75

µA/ 150.0 Hz.

2. Set the signal generator to the RSL listed in the table below
and read the result directly from the WinFIS™ software.

Input RSL
-dBm

98.0
93.0
88.0
83.0
78.0
73.0
68.0
63.0
58.0
53.0
48.0

If any results are not within the tolerances the system

will need to be calibrated and verification repeated.

Repeat for second verification frequency.

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Glideslope The results need to be recorded on the Glideslope

Verification Excel spreadsheets found on the LAN.
Verification
The tolerances applied to the measurements are set by the
measurement uncertainty calculations. Refer to the AT-940
Measurement Uncertainty Manual.

If any results are not within the tolerances the system

will need to be calibrated and verification repeated.

1. Open WinFIS™ ILS software on the host computer.

2. Edit „CAL‟ site data file for selected frequency

(330.50MHz and 333.50MHz which correspond to the
localiser frequencies 108.70MHz and 111.70MHz
respectively).

3. Setup recording window with the following settings.

4. Select „OK‟.

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GS Deviation Above 75µA

1. Set the signal generator RSL to -70.0 dBm and SDM of

80.0%.

2. Set the signal generator to the deviation DDM or µA

values listed in the table below and read the result
directly from the WinFIS™ software.

3. Record all results in forms.

Input (150 Hz positive)

DDM µA

0.8000 685.7
0.4670 400.3
0.2330 199.7
0.1750 150.0
0.1167 100.0
0.0875 75.0
-0.0875 -75.0
-0.1167 -100.0
-0.1750 -150.0
-0.2330 -199.7
-0.4670 -400.3
-0.8000 -685.7

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GS Deviation and Centring Below 30µA

1. Set the signal generator RSL to -70.0dBm and SDM of

80.0%.

2. Set the signal generator deviation to the DDM or µA

values listed in the table below.

3. In the recording window, start a recording by pushing

„F5‟.

4. Record a minimum of 50 samples.

5. Stop the recording by pushing „F6‟.

6. Save the recording by pushing „F2‟.

7. Record the Automatic Analysis Alignment result in

µA.

8. Repeat for all values in the table below.

Input (150 Hz positive)

DDM µA

0.0350 30.0
0.0233 20.0
0.0175 15.0
0.0117 10.0
0.0058 5.0
0.0000 0.0
-0.0058 -5.0
-0.0117 -10.0
-0.0175 -15.0
-0.0233 -20.0
-0.0350 -30.0

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GS Sum of Depth of Modulation (SDM)

1. Set signal generator RSL to -70.0 dBm and a deviation

DDM of 0.000.

2. Set the signal generator to the SDM values listed in the

table below and read the result directly from the
WinFIS™ software.

3. Record all results in forms.

Input SDM
%

70.0
72.0
74.0
76.0
78.0
80.0
82.0
84.0
86.0
88.0
90.0

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GS Received Signal Level (RSL) and DDM/SDM vs RSL

1. Set the signal generator SDM to 80.0% and deviation of

75 µA/ 150.0 Hz.

2. Set the signal generator to the RSL listed in the table

below and read the result directly from the WinFIS™
software.

3. Record all results in forms.

Input RSL
-dBm

98.0
93.0
88.0
83.0
78.0
73.0
68.0
63.0
58.0
53.0
48.0

If any results are not within the tolerances the system

will need to be calibrated and verification repeated.

Repeat for second verification frequency.

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VOR Verification The results need to be recorded on the VOR Verification

Excel spreadsheets found on the LAN.

The tolerances applied to the measurements are set by the

measurement uncertainty calculations. Refer to the AT-940
Measurement Uncertainty Manual.

If any results are not within the tolerances the system

will need to be calibrated and verification repeated.

1. Open WinFIS™ VOR software on the host computer.

2. Edit „CAL‟ site data file for selected frequency

(110.60MHz and 115.40MHz).

3. Setup recording window with the following settings.

4. Select „OK‟

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VOR Bearing

1. Set the signal generator to a RSL of -70.0 dBm and

normal modulations (30.0% for 30 Hz rate and 9960
Hz).

2. Set the signal generator to the bearing values in the

table below and read the result directly from the
WinFIS™ software.

3. Record all results in forms.

Input Bearing
Degrees

5.0
25.0
45.0
65.0
85.0
105.0
125.0
145.0
165.0
185.0
205.0
225.0
245.0
265.0
285.0
305.0
325.0
345.0

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VOR Modulations

1. Set signal generator RSL to -70.0 dBm and 0.0 deg.

2. Set the signal generator to the 30 Hz and 9960 Hz

modulations listed in the table below and read the
result directly from the WinFIS™ software.

3. Record all results in forms.

30Hz 9960Hz
% %

25.0 25.0
26.0 26.0
27.0 27.0
28.0 28.0
30.0 30.0
31.0 31.0
32.0 32.0
33.0 33.0
34.0 34.0
35.0 35.0

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VOR Received Signal Level (RSL)

1. Set the signal generator to bearing of 90.0 degrees and

30 Hz and 9960 Hz modulation depth set to 30.0%.

2. Set the signal generator to the RSL listed in the table

below and read result directly from the WinFIS™
software.

3. Record all results in forms.

Input
RSL -dBm

98.0
93.0
88.0
83.0
78.0
73.0
68.0
63.0
58.0
53.0
48.0

If any results are not within the tolerances the system

will need to be calibrated and verification repeated.

Repeat for second verification frequency.

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DME Verification The results need to be recorded on the DME Verification

Excel spreadsheets found on the LAN.

The tolerances applied to the measurements are set by the

measurement uncertainty calculations. Refer to the AT-940
Measurement Uncertainty Manual.

Ensure that the DME test is connected to the AT-940 before

the DME transponder is turned on. The DME transponder
may be damaged if it is powered while the RF output is
unloaded.

If any results are not within the tolerances the system

will need to be calibrated and verification repeated.

1. Open WinFIS™ VOR software on the host computer.

2. Edit „CAL‟ site data file for selected VOR frequency

(110.60MHz and 115.40MHz) and DME channel (43X
and 101X).

3. Setup recording window with the following settings.

4. Select „OK‟

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DME Range

1. Set the DME test set to a signal level of -70.0 dBm and
PRF of 2700.

2. Set the signal generator to the DME Range values

listed in the table below and read the result directly
from the WinFIS™ software.

3. Record all results.

Input DME Range

NM

0.2
0.5
1.0
2.0
4.0
10.0
20.0
50.0
100.0

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DME Received Signal Level (RSL)

1. Set the DME test set Range to 10.0NM and PRF to

2700.

2. Set the signal generator to the RSL listed in the table

below and read the result directly from the WinFIS™
software.

Input RSL
- dBm

88.0
83.0
78.0
73.0
68.0
63.0
58.0
53.0
48.0

If any results are not within the tolerances the system

will need to be calibrated and verification repeated.

Repeat for the second verification frequency.

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Calibration If any of the verification results are not within the

tolerances the system will need to be calibrated and the
verification repeated.

The Localiser, Glideslope and VOR are calibrated using the

WinFIS™ Automatic Calibration (AutoCal) program.

DME is calibrated using the WinFIS™ AT-940 Calibration

software.

Automatic The host computer is connected to the IFR NAV 750C

avionics signal generator via a LAN-to-GPIB adapter. This
Calibration
connects to the GPIB port on the rear of the signal
(Autocal) generator allowing the WinFIS™ AutoCal program to
adjust the signal generator output automatically.

Host computer The networking settings on the host computer LAN port
Autocal Network and the GPIB adapter must be configured correctly for the
Setup AutoCal program to function.

The host computer LAN port requires a static IP address.

In order to not interfere with normal use of the host
computer, use of the „Alternate Configuration‟ of the
TCP/IP setup is recommended.

1. Open „Control Panel‟, „Network Connections‟

2. Double click the „Local Area Connection‟ icon

3. Select the „Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)‟ from the list

by double clicking it. This opens the dialog where an
alternate static IP can be set.

4. Click the „Alternate Configuration‟ tab.

5. Enter user IP address [Link].

6. Enter the subnet mask [Link].

7. Select „OK‟

8. Select „OK‟ on the Local Area Connection Properties.

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9. The network adapter must now be reset by right

clicking Local Area Connection icon.

10. Select „Repair‟ from the menu.

11. Connect the Crossover cable from the LAN port to

the GPIB adapter.
Note: When two network adapters are active the AutoCal
program may not send data to the correct one. To
prevent this, switch off the wireless network
adapter and any other network devices while using
the GPIB adapter.

Configuration of the GPIB adapter is required.

1. Double click the “[Link]‟ icon found in

C:\WinFIS\Program.

2. The tool will find all GPIB adapters on the network

and allow their IP addresses to be changed.

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3. Check the IP address [Link] is displayed.

Enter this if required.

The GPIB address of the signal generator needs to be

changed to „01‟ in order for the AutoCal program to find it.
This is changed by following this key sequence on the
signal generator.

„UTIL‟

„UTIL‟

„GPIB Address‟

„0‟

„1‟

„ENTER‟

Frequency Setup The configuration of the calibration frequencies is accessed

through the AutoCal menu item „Setup‟ then „Cal Settings‟.
The frequencies MUST include the trailing zero, i.e. „109.3‟
must be entered as „109.30‟.

The „Calibration Frequencies‟ section above details the

frequencies used to calibrate the AT-940.

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Autocal Procedure 1. Double click the „Autocal‟ icon to start the Autocal
program.

Note: The Autocal program will electronically tune

the AT-940 to the frequencies entered above.

Note: The signal generator can only connect to one

input at a time, therefore it is only possible to
calibrate one mode at a time.

2. Check the box for the mode to be calibrated, and

select ASU#1 or ASU#2.

3. Connect the signal generator to the correct input on

the ASU. „NAV for localiser and VOR, „GS‟ for
glideslope.

4. Click the „Calibrate‟ button to begin the process. The

signal generator will be automatically adjusted as
required.

5. Once complete, close the AutoCal program and carry

out the appropriate verification.

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DME Calibration Calibration of the DME is performed manually using an

Aeroflex ATC-1400A DME Test Set.

Caution must be used to prevent damage to the AT-940

and/or the signal generator. Read the following setup
instructions carefully before turning anything on.

Equipment Setup 1. Do not power on any equipment until all connections

have been made.

2. Connect the DME test set output to the „DME ANT‟

input on the rear of the ASU that is to be calibrated.

3. Power on both the DME test set and the AT-940.

4. Engage the DME circuit breaker on the rear of ASU if

it has been disengaged.

Equipment Tuning 1. Tune the DME test set to calibration channel 77X.

2. Open WinFIS™ VOR software on the host computer.

3. Edit „CAL‟ site data file for calibration frequency VOR

113.0MHZ, DME 77X.

4. Setup recording window with the following settings.

5. Select „OK‟. This tunes the MMR to the correct

calibration frequency.

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6. Check that everything is tuned and connected

properly by adjusting the DME signal generator and
observing the WinFIS™ VOR recording window.

7. Close the WinFIS™ VOR program.

Performing the Start the calibration program by opening the „AT-940

Calibration Calibration‟ program. Select the „TACAN/DME‟ tab and
select which receiver (ASU1 or ASU2) is to be calibrated.

DME Range 1. Open the WinFIS™ calibration software on the host

computer.

2. Select ASU to calibrated, „Receiver 1‟ for ASU 1, and

„Receiver 2‟ for ASU 2.

3. Select „Range‟.

4. Select „Calibrate‟ to begin the calibration.

5. The system will display the required signal generator

settings on the screen. Set the signal generator to the
indicated settings and click the „OK‟ button.

6. Continue as prompted on the screen.

7. The operator may cancel the calibration at any point

by clicking the “Cancel” button. Cancelling the
calibration before all data has been collected will
automatically restore the previous calibration data.

8. Once complete, close the AT-940 Calibration program

and carry out verification of the DME Range.

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Received Signal Level Calibration of the DME RSL is performed independently

(RSL) from the DME range.

1. Open the WinFIS™ calibration software on the host

computer. 2. Select ASU to calibrated, „Receiver
1‟ for ASU 1, and „Receiver 2‟ for ASU 2.

3. Select „RSL‟.

4. Select „Calibrate‟ to begin the calibration.

5. The system will display the required signal generator

settings on the screen. Set the signal generator to the
indicated settings and click the „OK‟ button.

6. Continue as prompted on the screen.

7. The operator may cancel the calibration at any point

by clicking the “Cancel” button. Cancelling the
calibration before all data has been collected will
automatically restore the previous calibration data.

8. Once complete, close the AT-940 Calibration program

and carry out verification of the DME Range.

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AT-940 Flight Inspection System Manual System Installation and Setup

4. System Installation and Setup

Aircraft For the AT-940 to be installed into an aircraft for flight

inspection the following signals and/or antennas are
Requirements
required:

1. 12 – 28 VDC power supply with a maximum current

draw of 8 amps at 28VDC and 17 amps at 12VDC.

2. VOR/Localiser antenna signal.

3. Glideslope antenna signal.

4. Dual frequency L1/L2 GPS antenna.

5. Telemetry antenna.

6. DME antenna.

The following can be added but is not essential for all flight
inspection operations:

1. VHF communications antenna.

2. Marker beacon antenna.

3. ADF antenna.

Airborne The AT-940 can be operated in single receiver mode or

dual receiver mode. For single receiver mode one ASU is
Equipment
fitted to the SPU and used for the flight inspection. For
Installation dual receiver mode two ASU‟s are fitted to the SPU and
used for the flight inspection.

The AT-940 units can be arranged in any order, but

typically the SPU is on the bottom with either one or two
ASU‟s mounted on top of it. The AT-940 units come with
feet that lock into place by simply pushing the unit
forward and turning the locking device at the rear of the
lower unit.

The AHRS, GPS splitter and Nav splitter can be mounted

on top of the units using the bracket supplied.
Note: The ARHS must be positioned such that the
connector is facing to the front of the aircraft.

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Figure 4: Typical Single Receiver Aircraft Installation

The AT-940 must be secured into the aircraft to prevent

any movement during flight, take-off and landing. Anchor
points are provided on the sides of the units for this
purpose.

Main system power (12-28VDC) is connected to the rear of

the SPU at the POWER IN connector.

The ASU is then connected to the SPU with two cables,

power and system interface.
Note: The ASU power cables can be swapped between
ASU#1 and ASU#2, but the system interface cables
are labelled ASU#1 and ASU#2 and can only be
connected this way.

The AHRS and host computer are also connected to the

SPU AHRS and HOST connectors respectively with the
cables supplied.

There are four antenna connections on the rear of the SPU,

they are RCU, GRS, GPS1 and GPS2. The RCU and GRS
connectors are connected to 900MHz telemetry antennas,
the GPS1 and GPS2 connectors are connected to the GPS
splitter which is in turn connected to a dual frequency
L1/L2 GPS antenna.
Note: The GPS splitter needs one GPS receiver to be
connected to the “DC THRU” connector to allow
the GPS antenna to get DC power required for it to
operate.

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An event switch is connected to the SPU “EVENT”

connector if required for PAPI inspections.

The ASU has seven antenna connections on the rear panel,

they are GPS, VHF, DME ANT, NAV, GS, MKR, and ADF.
The GPS connector is connected to the GPS splitter as
above. The VHF connector is connected to a VHF
communications antenna. The DME ANT connector is
connected to a DME antenna. The NAV connector is
connected to the VOR or ILS signal from the splitter, or
alternatively directly to a navigation antenna. The GS
connector is connected to the GS signal from the splitter or
alternatively directly to a glideslope antenna. The MKR
connector is connected to a marker beacon antenna. The
ADF connector is connected to an ADF antenna.

When connected to an ADF antenna, the ASU requires an

ADF antenna connector to be connected to get the relevant
information from the antenna for bearing information.

There are also extra DME connectors labelled VIDEO,

SYNC and SUPP. These can be connected to an external
oscilloscope for further analysis into the DME information
from the ground installation.

Ground Reference The Ground Reference Station (GRS) is set up on a known

location on the airfield.
Station Setup
Power can be provided by either 110-240VAC or 12VDC
using the cables provided.

The DGPS antenna is mounted on the tripod supplied with

the telemetry antenna mounted on a separate tripod. The
centre pole of the tripod is set to a height of 1m, and
positioned so that the level bubble is centred, and the pole
spike is on the surveyed point.

The DGPS antenna is connected to the GPS connector, and

the telemetry antenna is connected to the TELEM
connector.

See Programming of Ground Reference Station in the

WinFIS ILS Operation Manual.

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AT-940 Flight Inspection System Manual System Testing

5. System Testing

The AT-940 requires a full functional test once all the

components have been installed into the aircraft and
connected to the appropriate antennas and cables.

Equipment The equipment required for the testing of the AT-940 is as

follows:
Required
1. IFR 4000 Ramp Test Set.

2. Host Computer.

3. Cables as required.

Initial Setup Airborne Equipment:

1. Turn the power switch “ON”.

2. Turn the Local/remote switch to “LOCAL”.

3. Connect the host computer to the SPU and start up

the WinFIS™ ILS900 software.

4. Turn the Garmin G420 GPS unit “ON”.

5. Turn the telemetry switch “ON”.

6. In the WinFIS™ start a recording, this will set the

MMR to the selected Site Data file frequencies.

Ground Reference Station:

1. Select a known position to setup the GRS GPS and

telemetry antennas.

2. Program the GRS as described in the WinFIS ILS

Operation Manual.

3. Turn the power switch “ON”.

4. Turn the telemetry switch to “TX”.

5. Turn the DGPS/THEO switch to “DGPS”.

The TLM light on the SPU should be lit indicating that

differential corrections are being sent from the GRS to the
Airborne GPS receiver.

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IFR 4000 Modes of Verification of the flight inspection system is done by

transmitting the required signals outside the aircraft using
Operation
the IFR 4000 test set and reading the values as required on
the host computer using the WinFIS™ software.

The following modes can be selected on the IFR 4000 test

set as required for testing:

VOR The following parameters can be varied to test response:

1. Frequency (108.00 – 117.95MHz)

2. RF Level

3. Modulation (30Hz and 9960Hz)

4. Bearing (0°to 360° in 0.1° increments)

5. Ident (Off/1020Hz tone/Morse)

Localiser The following parameters can be varied to test response:

1. Frequency (108.10 – 111.95MHz)

2. RF Level

3. Modulation (0 – 98%)

4. Ident (Off/1020Hz tone/Morse)

5. Localiser DDM (0 - ±0.400DDM, can be displayed in

DDM or µA)

Glideslope The following parameters can be varied to test response:

1. Frequency (327.00 – 337.00MHz)

2. RF Level

3. Modulation (0 – 100%)

4. Glideslope DDM (0 - ±0.800DDM, can be displayed

in DDM or µA)

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Marker: The following parameters can be varied to test response:

1. Frequency (72.00 – 78.00MHz)

2. RF Level

3. Modulation (0 – 95%)

4. Modulation Tone (Off/Inner/Middle/Outer)

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Localiser Testing Position IFR 4000 test set in front of the aircraft and select
the operating frequency for testing.

Select LOC DDM to 0.000 CENTRE

Select M MOD to CAL (40%).

Select RF LVL to -50.0 dBm

Read the host computer and ensure:

1. CDI is 0 µA

2. SDM is 40%

3. RSL is -50dBm

If errors in the readings are found the cause needs to be

identified and corrected.

Select LOC DDM to the following values and ensure the

reading on the host computer is as per the following table.

IFR 4000 (DDM) Computer Reading

0.200 LEFT +194µA
0.155 LEFT +150µA
0.093 LEFT +90µA
0.000 LEFT 0µA
0.093 RIGHT -90µA
0.155 RIGHT -150µA
0.200 RIGHT -194µA

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Glide Slope Position IFR 4000 test set in front of the aircraft and select
the operating frequency for testing.
Testing
Select G/S DDM to 0.000 CENTRE

Select M MOD to CAL (80%).

Select RF LVL to -50.0 dBm

Read the host computer and ensure:

1. CDI is 0 µA

2. SDM is 80%

3. RSL is -50dBm

If errors in the readings are found the cause needs to be

identified and corrected.

Select G/S DDM to the following values and ensure the

reading on the host computer is as per the following table.

IFR 4000 (DDM) Computer Reading

0.400 UP +194µA
0.175 UP +150µA
0.091 UP +90µA
0.000 0µA
0.091 DOWN -90µA
0.175 DOWN -150µA
0.400 DOWN -194µA

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VOR Testing Position IFR 4000 test set in front of the aircraft and select
the operating frequency for testing.

Select BRG to 0.0 deg

Select TO/FROM to FROM

Select 30Hz MOD to 30%

Select 9960Hz MOD to 30%

Select RF LVL to -50.0 dBm

Read the host computer and ensure:

1. BRG reads 0.0 Degrees

2. 30 AM reads 30.0%

3. FM DEV reads 16.0

4. 9960 AM reads 30.0%

5. RSL reads -50dBm

If errors in the readings are found the cause needs to be

identified and corrected.

Interference with During testing ensure that the AT-940 causes no

interference with the navigation and communication
Aircraft Systems
systems on the aircraft. If any interference is found the
cause will need to be eliminated before use of the aircraft
begins.

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AT-940 Flight Inspection System Manual Airfield Survey

6. Airfield Survey

The WinFIS™ software requires accurate airfield survey

data in the WGS 84 format for the installation being
inspected (see WinFIS™ Operations Manuals for
information regarding site data files).

If this data is not available from the airfield operator the

Promark 3 RTK™ survey tool is used to get this data and
then can be inputted into the site data files as required.
The data required for a typical ILS site data file is as
follows:

1. GRS position and elevation.

2. Approach threshold position and elevation.

3. Departure threshold position and elevation.

4. Localiser antenna position and elevation.

5. Glideslope Mast position and elevation.

6. DME antenna position and elevation.

The GRS position can be anywhere on the airfield but must

have clear vision of the sky, line of site to all approaches
being inspected and be accurately marked for return to the
airfield.

The localizer antenna position and elevation is taken in the

centre of the antenna array.

The Glideslope mast position and elevation is taken

directly in front of the Glideslope mast.

Data can only be collected when “Fixed” is displayed on

the Rover, this will ensure the tolerance applied in the
measurement uncertainty calculations of 10cm is adhered
to.

The Airfield Data form is filled out, dated and signed

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Promark 3 RTK™ The use of the Promark 3 RTK™ for the purpose of the
airfield survey is described in the following paragraphs.
Survey Tool

Promark 3 RTK™ Base Station and Rover

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Setting Up the 1. Set up the tripod over the Base Station location.
Base Station 2. Insert the kinematic bar on top of the antenna pole.

3. Attach the GNSS antenna on top of the kinematic bar.

4. Secure the radio to separate tripod as high as

possible.

5. Connect the radio cable to the receiver.

6. Connect antenna cable between the GNSS antenna

and the receiver.

7. Turn the receiver on and check that the LED‟s on the

radio are lit. This indicates the connection between
the radio and receiver is correct and the radio is
powered.

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Configuring the 1. Double tap the Surveying icon.

Base Station 2. Press MENU, tap Receiver Mode, then Real-Time

3. Press MENU, tap Base Station and enter the base

parameters.

4. The Base Station can be configured using two

methods:

If the Location of the Base Station GNSS antenna is

known then the coordinates and elevation can be
entered manually using the keypad.

Alternately, tap the right arrow to the right of the

Site ID field and tap Current Position. This sets the
Location and Elevation calculated by the receiver as
the Base Station location.

5. The Base Station parameters include:

 Site ID: Allows you to quickly enter the

coordinates as explained above, and a four
character name can be assigned to the Base
Station location.

 Station ID: A 4-character string (0 – 4095).

 Elevation: Above ellipsoid.

 Units: Antenna height units (default meters).

 Antenna Height: From the reference point.

 Height type: Slant or Vertical.

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6. Tap Start. The ProMark3 RTK starts operating as a

base. RTCM 3.1 corrections are now broadcast via
the radio modem. The screen shows the following
parameters:

 Site ID: As a reminder.

 Elapsed: Time elapsed since you started the

base station.

 #Sats: Current number of satellites received.

 PDOP:

 Base Station Position:

 Power Indicator: All green = fully charged.

 Free memory indicator: All green = maximum.

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Setting Up the 1. Attach the GNSS antenna on the kinematic bar.

Rover 2. Build the surveyors pole.

3. Secure the radio on the surveyor‟s pole near the top.

4. Connect the radio cable to the receiver.

5. Connect the antenna cable between the GNSS

antenna and the receiver.

6. Attach the receiver to the pole using the field bracket.

7. Turn the receiver on and check that the LED‟s on the

radio are lit. This indicates the connection between
the radio and receiver is correct and the radio is
powered.

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Configuring the 1. Double tap the DGPS Configuration icon.

Rover 2. Tap Select Mode, select UHF and tap OK. Tap OK
again to close the DGPS Configuration window.

1. On the Rover side, double tap the Surveying icon.

Initialising the
2. Press MENU, tap Receiver Mode, then Real-Time.
Rover
3. Press MENU, and tap Initialize RTK.

4. Select Bar. This opens the Initialization window.

5. Keep an eye on the displayed parameters while the

receiver initializes:

 Baseline: Baseline length, should stay 0.0km in

the case of a bar initialization.

 Elapsed: Counts the time since you started

initialization.

 #Sats: Should be 6 or more for fast

initialization.

 PDOP: Should be less than 3.

 Age: Should stay around 2 seconds. If it starts

increasing steadily, this probably means RTCM
corrections are no longer being received.
Check your radios.

 Solution: Position solution status, should be a

blinking “Float” throughout the initialization.

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When “Fixed” appears in the Solution field, this means the

rover is initialized. A new button (OK) then appears next
to the Cancel button.

6. Tap OK to close the Initialization window.

7. Move the Rover antenna from the kinematic bar to

the top of the survey pole. While doing this, take
care not to mask the rover antenna or else you will
have to resume initialization.

8. Start your survey.

9. Data can only be collected when “Fixed” is displayed

on the Rover.

Always take care to maintain maximum satellite visibility

from the antenna in order to preserve initialisation. If the
rover loses initialisation this will need repeating.

The surveyor‟s pole is 2m long.

The quick release antenna clamp used to easily transfer the

GNSS antenna from the kinematic bar to the surveyors
pole in 0.1m (or 100mm) long.

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AT-940 Flight Inspection System Manual Aircraft Antenna Calibration Procedure

7. Aircraft Antenna Calibration Procedure

This procedure describes the equipment and procedures

required for calibration of aircraft antennas to allow the
AT-940 to measure absolute electric field intensity for
evaluating coverage of VOR and ILS facilities and to collect
information to allow for antenna pattern compensation.

Following this calibration and entry of the resulting

antenna calibration factors into the WinFIS™ ILS and VOR
aircraft databases the AFIS will indicate RSL in dBm per
meter (dBm/m) allowing direct comparison with ICAO
tolerances for the minimum allowable field strength
(electric field intensity).

ICAO Tolerances

The ICAO tolerances for the minimum ILS and VOR signal
levels are:

VOR: >90 µV/m (microvolts per meter) or -67 dBm/m

(dBm per meter)

LOC: >40 µV/m (microvolts per meter) or -75 dBm/m

(dBm per meter)

GP: >400 µV/m (microvolts per meter) or -55 dBm/m

(dBm per meter)

Equipment The equipment required for the aircraft antenna calibration is

as follows:
Required
1. Calibrated Portable Receiver.

2. Calibrated VHF Receive Antenna (A.H. Systems

Model TV-1).

3. Calibrated UHF Receive Antenna (A.H. Systems

Model TV-1).

4. Receive Antenna Tripod.

5. Receive Antenna Cable (Model SAC-213).

6. IFR 4000 Portable Signal Generator.

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Overview of 1. Measure and record heights of antennas.

Procedure 2. Measure and record absolute field intensity (ambient).

3. Move aircraft into position.

4. Measure and record AFIS Received Signal Level

(RSL) for the antenna under test in the specified
orientations.

5. Calculate aircraft antenna conversion factors and

enter them into the AFIS aircraft database.

Site 1. This procedure uses an IFR 4000 Signal Generator as the

signal source.
Considerations
2. The calibration site selected shall be free of conductors
and other objects that might reflect the ILS signals.

3. It is recommended that the calibration site should be

level and have a concrete surface.

4. It is recommended to clearly mark the position of the

received antenna calibration point on the
ground/surface with paint or other durable method
so the measurement can be repeated if necessary.

Localiser 1. Measure the height above the ground of the aircraft

AFIS NAV antenna and record the heights.
Measurements
2. Measure the height above the ground of the aircraft
AFIS NAV antenna and record the heights.

3. Select a test location for the receive antenna

calibration point. It is recommended that the test
location should be 15-20m away from the signal
generator.

4. Using paint or other durable method, clearly mark on

the ground the receive antenna calibration point and
record the position.

5. Set the IFR 4000 Signal Generator to an output

frequency of 110.10MHz.

6. Setup the receive antenna tripod over the calibration

point.

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7. Adjust the element length of the TV-1 calibrated

receive antenna for the frequency of the localizer
transmitter using the antenna operators manual.

Note: The “L/2” lengths in the calibration tables are the

half-length of the dipole at each frequency. “L/2”
is the length measured from the notch in the centre
of the antenna to each tip of the two elements. The
overall tip-to-tip dipole measurement will be twice
the “L/2” length in the tables.

10. Record the Element Length (L/2) and the Antenna

Factor from the TV-1 manual.

11. Attach the TV-1 antenna to the tripod.

12. Connect the TV-1 antenna to the portable receiver

using the calibrated antenna cable.

13. Adjust the tripod so that the TV-1 antenna is at the

same height above ground as the aircraft AFIS NAV
antenna and the dipole and the dipole main lobe is
aimed directly at the localizer antenna.

14. Measure the signal level (in dBm) as indicated on the

portable receiver and record this.

15. Calculate the NAV antenna ambient field intensity

and record in the table below.

Field Intensity = Ambient Signal Level + Antenna Factor + 0.4

(Note: Preserve signs)

16. Remove the portable test equipment from the test

location.

17. Position the aircraft so that the AFIS NAV antenna is

over the marked antenna calibration point with the
nose of the aircraft aimed at the IFR 4000 Signal
Generator location.

Note: After positioning the aircraft and before taking any

measurements, move any aircraft ground handling
equipment at least 100 meters to the side so that it
will not interfere with the calibration. Repeat this
step for all measurements.

18. Connect the portable receiver to the aircraft

navigation antenna output. Ensure to keep all cables
and splitters installed as they are during flight
inspection operations.

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19. Measure the Received Signal Level (RSL) as indicated

by the portable signal generator and record this
value.
20. Repeat for all 40 Localiser frequencies and record
these values.
21. Repeat for all 160 VOR frequencies and record these
values.

Radiation Pattern 1. Install the IFR 400 Signal Generator in the aircraft
connected to the Navigation Antenna connector.

2. Set the IFR 4000 Signal Generator to an output

frequency of 110.10MHz.

3. Attach the TV-1 antenna to the tripod.

4. Connect the TV-1 antenna to the portable receiver

using the calibrated antenna cable.

5. Position the portable receiver in front of the aircraft

nose 15m from the navigation antenna.

6. Measure and record this value.

7. Position the TV-1 antenna every 10 degrees around

the navigation antenna and record these values until
the full 360 degrees of rotation is covered.

Glideslope 1. Repeat absolute measurement and radiation pattern for

the Glideslope frequencies, using 332.00MHz as the test
Measurements
frequency.

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AT-940 Flight Inspection System Manual Forms

8. Forms

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CALIBRATION CERTIFICATE
Calibration Certificate No. ________________

Calibration Date: ________________

Verification Date: ________________

DESCRIPTION: _____________________________

SERIAL NO: _____________________________

I certify that this item has been calibrated and verified to the Manufacturers
Specifications.

Recalibration is due in 6 months on ________________________

Calibrated by: Signature: ____________________________

Name: ____________________________

Position: ____________________________

Date: ____________________________

Notes:

I certify that this item has been calibrated using a traceable standard.

Signature: ____________________________

Name: ____________________________

Position: ____________________________

Date: ____________________________

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AIRFIELD DATA
Airfield:____________________________________________
Runway:________________ Date:__________________

GRS Position:
Latitude:
Longitude:
Elevation:
Approach Threshold:
Latitude:
Longitude:
Elevation:

Departure Threshold:
Latitude:
Longitude:
Elevation:
Localiser Antenna:
Latitude:
Longitude:
Elevation:

Glideslope Mast:
Latitude:
Longitude:
Elevation:
DME Antenna:
Latitude:
Longitude:
Elevation:

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AIRCRAFT ANTENNA CALIBRATION

Aircraft Type: ____________________________________
Aircraft Registration: ____________
Date: ____________ Signature: _____________________
Aircraft Nav Antenna Height (m)
Calibration Site Description

Frequency (MHz)
Element Length (L/2 inches)
Antenna Factor (dB/m)
TV-1 Antenna Signal Level (dBm)
TV-1 Antenna Field Intensity
(dBm/m)

Heading dBm dBm/m Heading dBm dBm/m Heading dBm dBm/m

000 120 240

010 130 250

020 140 260

030 150 270

040 160 280

050 170 290

060 180 300

070 190 310

080 200 320

090 210 330

100 220 340

110 230 350

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