Simply

supported one-
way slab
One-way
Con5nuous one-
way slab
Reinforced
Concrete Slab
Simply
supported two-
way slab
Two-way
Restrained two-
way slab
Step Task Standard
EN 1990 Table 2.1
1 Determine design life, Exposure class & Fire resistance EN 1992-1-1: Table 4.1
EN 1992-1-2: Sec. 5.6
BS 8500-1: Table A.3
2 Determine material strength
EN 206-1: Table F1
EN 1992-1-1: Table 7.4N
3 Select size of thickness of slab
EN 1992-1-2: Table 5.8

4 Calculate min. cover for durability , fire and bond requirements EN 1992-1-1: Sec. 4.4.1
5 Estimate actions on slabs EN 1991-1-1
Analyze structure to obtain critical moments and
6 EN 1992-1-1: Sec. 5
shear forces
7 Design flexural reinforcement EN 1992-1-1: Sec. 6.1
8 Check shear EN 1992-1-1: Sec. 6.2
9 Check deflection EN 1992-1-1: Sec. 7.4
10 Check cracking EN 1992-1-1: Sec. 9.3
11 Detailing EN 1992-1-1: Sec.8 & 9.3
q  The selec5on of slab thickness from structural
viewpoint is o=en dictated by deflec5on control
criteria. In prac5ce, the overall depths of slabs are
o=en fixed in rela5on to their spans.

q  Span to overall depth ra5os of 20 to 30 are

generally found to be economical in the case of
simply supported and con5nuous beams.
BS EN 1992-1-2:
2004: Table 5.8
The analysis of reinforced concrete slab to determine
bending moment and shear force may be done either
by using elas5c analysis or by considering plas5c
collapse methods. Hence one of the following methods
can be use.

q  ElasDc analysis
q  Yield line method
q  Hillerborg strip method
q  Moment and shear coefficient from the Code of
PracDce or design handbook
(1)  Moment Design

Calculate K = M/fckbd2

If K ≤ Kbal (0.167), compression reinforcement is NOT required:

z = d [0.5 + √ (0.25 – K/1.134)]

As = M
0.87fykz


EN 1992-1-1: 2004: Cl. 9.3
(2) Shear Design

Check and ensure that VEd < VRd, c

where
VRd, c = [0.12k (100ρlfck)1/3] bwd ≥ [0.035k3/2fck1/2]bwd

and
k = (1 + √200/d) ≤ 2.0 expressed in mm
ρl = (Asl/bwd) ≤ 0.02
Asl = Area of tensile reinforcement that extends ≥ (lbd + d) beyond the sec5on
considered
bw = the smallest width of the sec5on in tensile area (mm)
EN 1992-1-1: 2004: Cl. 6.2.2
EN 1992-1-1: 2004: Cl. 6.2.2
 EN 1992-1-1: 2004: Cl. 7.4
(3) DeflecDon

Check and ensure than (l/d)actual < (l/d)allow

where (l/d)allow = (l/d)basic × (7/leff) × (As, prov/As, req)

and (l/d)basic =

× (7/leff) if L > 7 m
× (As, prov/As, req) < 1.5
 EN 1992-1-1: 2004
(4) Cracking

(i)  Minimum area of principal reinforcement, As, min = 0.26fctmbtd/fyk > 0.0013btd
where bt is the mean width of the tension zone (Cl. 9.3)

(ii)  The minimum area of secondary reinforcement is 20% × As, min. (Cl. 7.3)

(iii)  For slab with less than 200 mm thickness, spacing of principal reinforcement
bars < 3h or 400 mm (whichever is the lesser). For secondary reinforcement,
spacing < 3.5h or 450 mm (whichever is the lesser). (Cl. 7.3)
Main reinforcement is design in ONE-DIRECTION only

ly/lx > 2.0

 4250 mm
Design data

fck = 30 N/mm2
fyk = 500 N/mm2
Design life = 50 years
Fire resistance = R60
Exposure class = XC3
Assumed φbar = 12 mm

Permanent, gk (excluding self weight) = 1.0 kN/m2
Variable, qk = 3.0 kN/m2
Slab Thickness

Minimum thickness for fire resistance = 80 mm
Thickness considering deflec5on control, h = 4250/26 (assumed)
= 163 mm
è ∴ Use h or hf = 175 mm
Durability, Fire & Bond Requirements (Concrete Cover)

Minimum concrete cover regard to bond, Cmin, b = 12 mm (Table 4.2)
Minimum concrete cover regard to durability, Cmin, dur = 25 mm (Table 4.4N)
Minimum required axis distance for R60 fire resistance, a = 20 mm (
Table 5.8: BS EN 1992-1-2: 2004)
Minimum concrete cover regard to fire, Cmin, fire = a – φbar/2
= 20 – 12/2 = 14 mm

Allowance in design for devia5on, ΔCdev = 10 mm

Nominal cover, Cnom = Cmin + ΔCdev = 25 + 10 = 35 mm

∴Use Cnom = 35 mm
 Permanent, gk (excluding self weight) = 1.0 kN/m2
Variable, qk = 3.0 kN/m2
Analysis

Slab self weight = 25.0 x 0.175 = 4.38 kN/m2
Finishing etc. = 1.00 kN/m2
Total permanent ac5on, Gk = 4.38 + 1.00 = 5.38 kN/m2

Total variable ac5on, Qk = 3.00 kN/m2

Design ac5on, nd = 1.35Gk + 1.5Qk = 11.76 kN/m2

Consider 1 m width, wd = nd × 1m = 11.76 kN/m/m width


wd = 11.76 kN/m/m width




4.25 m

Mmax = wL2/8 = 26.50 kNm/m width

Vmax = wL/2 = 25.0 kN/m width
Main Reinforcement

Effec5ve depth, d = 175 – 35 – 12/2 = 134 mm

K = M/fckbd2 = 26.50 × 106/(30 × 1000 × 1342) = 0.049 < Kbal = 0.167

∴ Compression reinforcement is NOT required

z = d[0.5 + √0.25 – (K/1.134)] = 0.96d > 0.95d ∴ Use z = 0.95d

As = M/0.87fykz
= 26.50 x 106 / (0.87 × 500 × 0.95 × 134)
= 479 mm2/m width
Check Area of Reinforcement
As, min = 0.26(fctm/fyk) bd
= 0.26 (2.90/500) bd = 0.0015 bd > 0.0013 bd
∴ As, min = 0.0015bd = 201 mm2/m width

As, max = 0.04Ac = 0.04bh
= 7000 mm2/m width

Main bar H12-225 (As = 503 mm2/m width)
and
Secondary bar H12-450 (As = 251 mm2/m width)
Shear

Maximum design shear force, VEd = 25.0 kN/m width

k = 1 + (200/d)1/2 ≤ 2.0
= 1 + (200/139)1/2 = 2.20 > 2.0 ∴ Use k = 2.0
ρl = Asl/bd ≤ 0.02
= 503 / (1000 × 134) = 0.0038

VRd, c = [0.12k(100ρlfck)1/3] bd
= [0.12 × 2.0 (100 × 0.0038 ×30)1/3] × 1000 × 134 × 10-3
= 72.4 kN/m width
Vmin = [0.035k3/2fck1/2]bd
= [0.035 × 2.03/2 × 301/2] × 1000 × 134 × 10-3 = 72.7 kN/m width

VEd (25 kN/m width) < 72.7 kN/m width è OK
DeflecDon

Percentage of required tension reinforcement;
ρ = As, req / bd
=479/ 1000 × 134 = 0.0033

Reference reinforcement ra5o;
ρo = (fck)1/2 × 10-3 = (30)1/2 × 10-3 = 0.0055

Since ρ ≤ ρo è Use Eq. (7.16a) in EC 2 Cl. 7.4.2
For structural system, K = 1.0



∴ (l/d)basic = 1.0 (11 + 13.5 + 9.13) = 33.70

Modifica5on factor for span less than 7 m = 1.00
Modifica5on for steel area provided = As, prov / As, req = 503/479 = 1.05 < 1.50

∴ (l/d)allow = 33.70 × 1.00 × 1.05 = 35.4

(l/d)actual = 4250/134 = 31.7 < (l/d)allow

DeflecDon OK
Cracking

hf = 175 mm < 200 mm
Max bar spacing

Main bar:
Smax, slab = 3hf ≤ 400 mm = 400 mm
Max bar spacing = 225 mm < Smax, slab è OK

Secondary bar:
Smax, slab = 3.5hf ≤ 450 mm = 450 mm
Max bar spacing = 450 mm < Smax, slab è OK

Cracking OK
 4250 mm

450 mm

225 mm

H12
 4250 mm

H12-2-450B

H12-1-225B
 2 2
175 mm

1
 BS 8110: Part 1: 1997

F is the total ul5mate load = (1.35Gk + 1.5Qk)

l is the effec5ve span
 BS 8110: Part 1: 1997

Rules & RegulaDons

(i) Area of bay ≥ 30 m2
(ii) Qk/Gk < 1.25
(iii) Qk < 5.0 kN/m2
 6 @ 4 m

9 m
ly/lx = 2.25 > 2.0

Design data

fck = 25 N/mm2
fyk = 500 N/mm2
Design life = 50 years
Fire resistance = R90
Exposure class = XC1 Permanent, Gk (excluding self weight) = 1.0 kN/m2
Assumed φbar = 10 mm Variable, Qk = 3.5 kN/m2
Slab Thickness, hf

Minimum thickness for fire resistance = 100 mm
Es5mated thickness considering deflec5on control = hf = 4000/30 = 133 mm

Therefore, try hf = 150 mm

Durability, Fire & Bond Requirements (Concrete Cover)

Minimum concrete cover regard to bond, Cmin, b = 10 mm (Table 4.2)
Minimum concrete cover regard to durability, Cmin, dur = 15 mm (Table 4.4N)
Minimum required axis distance for R90 fire resistance, a = 30 mm (Table 5.8: BS
EN 1992-1-2: 2004)
Minimum concrete cover regard to fire, Cmin, fire = a – φbar/2
= 20 – 10/2 = 15 mm

Allowance in design for devia5on, ΔCdev = 10 mm

Nominal cover, Cnom = Cmin + ΔCdev = 15 + 10 = 25 mm

∴Use Cnom = 25 mm
AcDons

Slab self weight = 25.0 x 0.150 = 3.75 kN/m2
Permanent ac5on (excluding self weight) = 1.00 kN/m2
Characteris5cs permanent ac5on, Gk = 4.75 kN/m2

Characteris5cs variable ac5on, Qk = 3.50 kN/m2

Design ac5on, nd = 1.35Gk + 1.5Qk = 11.66 kN/m2

Consider 1 m width, wd = 1.0 m x 11.66 kN/m2 = 11.66 kN/m/m width

Bay area = 6(9 x 4) = 216 m2 > 30 m2 è OK
Qk/Gk = 3.50/4.75 = 0.74 < 1.25 è OK
Qk = 3.50 kN/m2 < 5.0 kN/m2 è OK

∴ Use Table 3.12: BS 8110: Part 1
Bending Moment

At near middle of end span;
M = 0.075FL = 0.075 x (11.66 x 4) x 4 = 14.0 kNm/m width

At middle interior spans and interior supports;
M = 0.063FL = 0.063 x (11.66 x 4) x 4 = 11.8 kNm/m width

At outer support;
M = 0.04FL = 0.04 x (11.66 x 4) x 4 = 7.5 kNm/m width

At first interior support;
M = 0.086FL = 0.086 x (11.66 x 4) x 4 = 16.0 kNm/m width
 Bending Moment Diagram

16.0 16.0
7.5 11.8 11.8 11.8
7.5

11.8 11.8 11.8 11.8

14.0 14.0

4 m 4 m 4 m 4 m 4 m 4 m
 Main Reinforcement

Effec5ve depth, d = 150 – 25 – 10/2 = 120 mm

Minimum and Maximum Reinforcement

As, min = 0.26(fctm/fyk) bd
= 0.26 (2.56/500) bd = 0.0013 bd > 0.0013 bd
∴ As, min = 0.0013bd = 160 mm2/m width

As, max = 0.04Ac = 0.04bh = 0.04 × 1000 × 150
= 6000 mm2/m width


Provide H10-425 (As = 185 mm2/m) for Secondary Reinforcements
(a) At near middle of end span

K = M/fckbd2 = 14.0 x 106/(25 x 1000 x 1202) = 0.039 < Kbal = 0.167
Compression reinforcement NOT required

z = 0.97d > 0.95d è Use z = 0.95d

As = M/0.87fykz
= 14.0 x 106 / (0.87 x 500 x 0.95 x 120)
= 282 mm2/m width > As, min

Provide H10-275 bocom (As = 286 mm2/m width)
(b) At middle interior spans and interior supports

K = M/fckbd2 = 11.8 x 106/(25 x 1000 x 1202) = 0.033 < Kbal = 0.167
Compression reinforcement NOT required

z = 0.97d > 0.95d è Use z = 0.95d

As = M/0.87fykz
= 11.8 x 106 / (0.87 x 500 x 0.95 x 120)
= 237 mm2/m width > As, min

Provide H10-300 bocom (As = 262 mm2/m width)
(c) At outer supports

K = M/fckbd2 = 7.5 x 106/(25 x 1000 x 1202) = 0.021 < Kbal = 0.167
Compression reinforcement NOT required

z = 0.98d > 0.95d è Use z = 0.95d

As = M/0.87fykz
= 7.5 x 106 / (0.87 x 500 x 0.95 x 120)
= 151 mm2/m width < As, min

∴ Use As, min = 160 mm2/m width

Provide H10-400 bocom (As = 196 mm2/m width)
(d) At first interior support

K = M/fckbd2 = 16.0 x 106/(30 x 1000 x 1352) = 0.045 < Kbal = 0.167
Compression reinforcement NOT required

z = 0.96d > 0.95d è Take z = 0.95d

As = M/0.87fykz
= 16.0 x 106 / (0.87 x 500 x 0.95 x 135)
= 324 mm2/m width > As, min

Provide H10-225 (As = 349 mm2/m width)

Shear

Maximum design shear force, VEd = 0.6F = 0.6 × 11.66 × 4 = 28.0 kN/m width

k = 1 + (200/d)1/2 ≤ 2.0
= 1 + (200/120)1/2 = 2.29 > 2.0 ∴ Use k = 2.0
ρl = Asl/bd ≤ 0.02
= 286 / (1000 × 120) = 0.0024

VRd, c = [0.12k(100ρlfck)1/3] bd
= [0.12 × 2.0 (100 × 0.0024 ×25)1/3] × 1000 × 120 × 10-3 = 52.2 kN/m width
Vmin = [0.035k3/2fck1/2]bd
= [0.035 × 2.03/2 × 251/2] × 1000 × 120 × 10-3 = 59.4 kN/m width

VEd (28.0 kN/m width) < 59.4 kN/m width è OK
DeflecDon

* Check at the near middle of end span. WHY?

Percentage of required tension reinforcement;
ρ = As, req / bd
=282/ 1000 × 120 = 0.0024

Reference reinforcement ra5o;
ρo = (fck)1/2 × 10-3 = (25)1/2 × 10-3 = 0.0050

Since ρ ≤ ρo è Use Eq. (7.16a) in EC 2 Cl. 7.4.2
For structural system, K = 1.3



∴ (l/d)basic = 1.0 (11 + 15.9 + 19.12) = 59.9

Modifica5on factor for span less than 7 m = 1.00
Modifica5on for steel area provided = As, prov / As, req = 286/282 = 1.01 < 1.50

∴ (l/d)allow = 59.9 × 1.00 × 1.01 = 60.61

(l/d)actual = 4000/120 = 33.33 < (l/d)allow

DeflecDon OK
Cracking

hf = 150 mm < 200 mm
Max bar spacing

Main bar:
Smax, slab = 3hf ≤ 400 mm = 400 mm
Max bar spacing = 400 mm < Smax, slab è OK

Secondary bar:
Smax, slab = 3.5hf ≤ 450 mm = 450 mm
Max bar spacing = 425 mm < Smax, slab è OK

Cracking OK
 4000 mm 4000 mm

H10-4-425T

H10-4-425B H10-4-425B
H10-2-225T

H10-2-300T
H10-1-300B
H10-3-400T

H10-1-275B

H10-4-425T
H10-4-425T
Main reinforcement in BOTH DIRECTION
Slab is supported at all sides

ly/lx ≤ 2.0
Simply Supported Two-way Slab
 Simply Supported Two-way Slab – Bending Moment

msx = αsxnlx2
msy = αsynlx2


n = total ul5mate load per unit area
lx = length of the shorter side
ly = length of the longer side
αsx and αsy are the moment coefficient from Table 3.13: BS 8110: Part 1: 1997
Design data

Slab area = 5 m × 7.5 m and supported on steel beams at ALL sides
Slab depth, hf = 200 mm

fck = 25 N/mm2
fyk = 500 N/mm2
Design life = 50 years
Fire resistance = R60
Exposure class = XC1
Assumed φbar = 10 mm

Permanent ac5on (excluding self weight), gk = 1.20 kN/m2
Variable ac5on, qk = 2.5 kN/m2
Durability, Fire & Bond Requirements (Concrete Cover)

Minimum concrete cover regard to bond, Cmin, b = 10 mm (Table 4.2)
Minimum concrete cover regard to durability, Cmin, dur = 15 mm (Table 4.4N)
Minimum required axis distance for R60 fire resistance, a = 15 mm (Table 5.8: BS
EN 1992-1-2: 2004)
Minimum concrete cover regard to fire, Cmin, fire = a – φbar/2
= 15 – 10/2 = 10 mm

Allowance in design for devia5on, ΔCdev = 10 mm

Nominal cover, Cnom = Cmin + ΔCdev = 15 + 10 = 25 mm

∴Use Cnom = 25 mm
AcDon

Slab self weight = 25.0 kN/m3 × 0.200 m = 5.00 kN/m2
Permanent (excluding self weight) = 1.20 kN/m2

Characteris5cs permanent ac5on, gk = 6.20 kN/m2
Characteris5cs variable ac5on, qk = 2.50 kN/m2

Design ac5on, nd = 1.35gk + 1.5qk = 12.12 kN/m2

Consider 1 m width, wd = 1.0 m x 12.12 kN/m2 = 12.12 kN/m/m width
Bending Moment

ly/lx = 7.5/5.0 = 1.5 < 2.0 è Two-way slab

(a) In the Lx-direcDon

msx = αsx.n.lx2 = 0.104 × 12.12 × 52 = 31.51 kNm/m width

(b) In the Ly-direcDon

msy = αsy.n.lx2 = 0.046 × 12.12 × 52 = 13.94 kNm/m width
Main Reinforcement

dx = 200 – 25 – 10/2 = 170 mm
dy = 200 – 25 – 10 – 10/2 = 160 mm

Minimum and Maximum Reinforcement

As, min = 0.26(fctm/fyk) bd
= 0.26 (2.56/500) bd = 0.0013 bd > 0.0013 bd
∴ As, min = 0.0013bd = 221 mm2/m width

As, max = 0.04Ac = 0.04bh = 0.04 × 1000 × 200
= 8000 mm2/m width
(a) In the Short Span, Lx

K = M/fckbd2 = 31.51 × 106/(25 × 1000 × 1702) = 0.044 < Kbal = 0.167
Compression reinforcement NOT required

z = 0.96d > 0.95d ∴ Use z = 0.95d

As = M/0.87fykz
= 31.51 × 106 / (0.87 × 500 × 0.95 × 170)
= 449 mm2/m width > As min

Provide H10-175 bocom (As = 449 mm2/m width)
(b) In the Long Span, Ly

K = M/fckbd2 = 13.94 × 106/(25 × 1000 × 1602) = 0.022 < Kbal = 0.167
Compression reinforcement NOT required

z = 0.98d > 0.95d ∴ Use z = 0.95d

As = M/0.87fykz
= 13.94 × 106 / (0.87 × 500 × 0.95 × 160)
= 211 mm2/m width < As min

∴ Use As, min = 221 mm2/m width

Provide H10-350 bocom (As = 224 mm2/m width)

Shear

Maximum design shear force, VEd = nlx/2= 12.12 × 5.0/2 = 30.3 kN/m width

k = 1 + (200/d)1/2 ≤ 2.0
= 1 + (200/170)1/2 = 2.08 > 2.0 ∴ Use k = 2.0
ρl = Asl/bd ≤ 0.02
= 449 / (1000 × 170) = 0.0026

VRd, c = [0.12k(1000ρlfck)1/3] bd
= [0.12 × 2.0 (1000 × 0.0026 ×25)1/3] × 1000 × 170 × 10-3 = 76.5 kN/m width
Vmin = [0.0035k3/2fck1/2]bd
= [0.0035 × 2.03/2 × 251/2] × 1000 × 170 × 10-3 = 84.1 kN/m width

VEd (30.3 kN/m width) < 84.1 kN/m width è OK
DeflecDon

Percentage of required tension reinforcement;
ρ = As, req / bd
=449/ 1000 × 170 = 0.0026

Reference reinforcement ra5o;
ρo = (fck)1/2 × 10-3 = (25)1/2 × 10-3 = 0.0050

Since ρ ≤ ρo è Use Eq. (7.16a) in EC 2 Cl. 7.4.2
For structural system, K = 1.0



∴ (l/d)basic = 1.0 (11 + 14.2 + 13.55) = 38.8

Modifica5on factor for span less than 7 m = 1.00
Modifica5on for steel area provided = As, prov / As, req = 449/449 = 1.00 < 1.50

∴ (l/d)allow = 59.9 × 1.00 × 1.00 = 59.9

(l/d)actual = 5000/170 = 29.4 < (l/d)allow

DeflecDon OK
Cracking

hf = 200 mm < 200 mm
Max bar spacing

Main bar:
Smax, slab = 3hf ≤ 400 mm = 400 mm
Max bar spacing = 350 mm < Smax, slab è OK

Cracking OK
Plan View

ly =7500 mm

H10-1-175B

lx =5000 mm
H10-2-350B
 Cross Sectional View

200 mm

2 1 1

ly =7500 mm
Restrained Two-way Slab
 Restrained Two-way Slab – Bending Moment

msx = βsxnlx2
msy = βsynlx2


n = total ul5mate load per unit area
lx = length of the shorter side
ly = length of the longer side
βsx and βsy are the moment coefficient from Table 3.14: BS 8110: Part 1: 1997
 Restrained Two-way Slab – Shear Force

vsx = βvxnlx
vsy = βvynlx


n = total ul5mate load per unit area
lx = length of the shorter side
ly = length of the longer side
βvx and βvy are the moment coefficient from Table 3.15: BS 8110: Part 1: 1997
 Reinforcement – Torsional

0.75 x As @ mid-span
Lx/5

Con5nuous
Con5nuous
4000 4000
Design data
Slab thickness, hf = 125 mm

fck = 25 N/mm2
fyk = 500 N/mm2
Design life = 50 years
Fire resistance = R60
Exposure class = XC1
Assumed φbar = 10 mm

Permanent ac5on (excluding self weight), gk = 1.5 kN/m2
Variable ac5on, qk = 4.0 kN/m2

Durability, Fire & Bond Requirements (Concrete Cover)

Minimum concrete cover regard to bond, Cmin, b = 10 mm (Table 4.2)
Minimum concrete cover regard to durability, Cmin, dur = 15 mm (Table 4.4N)
Minimum required axis distance for R60 fire resistance, a = 15 mm (Table 5.8: BS
EN 1992-1-2: 2004)
Minimum concrete cover regard to fire, Cmin, fire = a – φbar/2
= 15 – 10/2 = 10 mm

Allowance in design for devia5on, ΔCdev = 10 mm

Nominal cover, Cnom = Cmin + ΔCdev = 15 + 10 = 25 mm

∴Use Cnom = 25 mm
AcDon

Slab self weight = 25.0 kN/m3 × 0.125 m = 3.13 kN/m2
Permanent (excluding self weight) = 1.50 kN/m2

Characteris5cs permanent ac5on, gk = 4.63 kN/m2
Characteris5cs variable ac5on, qk = 4.00 kN/m2

Design ac5on, nd = 1.35gk + 1.5qk = 12.24 kN/m2

Consider 1 m width, wd = 1.0 m x 12.24 kN/m2 = 12.24 kN/m/m width
Bending Moment

Ly/Lx = 7.0/4.0 = 1.75 < 2.0 è Two-way slab

Case 4: Two Adjacent Edges DisconDnuous
1B 1C

0.065

-0.045 0.034 Staircase

2B 2C
-0.087
(a) In the Lx-direcDon

Mid-span: msx = βsx.n.lx2 = 0.065 × 12.24 × 42 = 12.7 kNm/m width
Support: msx = βsx.n.lx2 = -0.087 × 12.24 × 42 = -17.0 kNm/m width

(b) In the Ly-direcDon

Mid-span: msy = βsy.n.lx2 = 0.034 × 12.24 × 42 = 6.66kNm/m width
Support: msy = βsy.n.lx2 = -0.045 × 12.08 × 42 = -8.82 kNm/m width
Main Reinforcement
EffecDve Depth

dx = 125 – 25 – 10/2 = 95 mm
dy = 125 – 25 – 10 – 10/2 = 85 mm

Minimum and Maximum Reinforcement

As, min = 0.26(fctm/fyk) bd
= 0.26 (2.56/500) bd = 0.0013 bd > 0.0013 bd
∴ As, min = 0.0013bd
= 0.0013 × 1000 × 95 = 127 mm2/m width

As, max = 0.04Ac = 0.04bh = 0.04 × 1000 × 125
= 5000 mm2/m width

(a)  In the Short Span
Mid-span

K = M/fckbd2 = 12.7 × 106/(25 × 1000 × 952) = 0.056 < Kbal = 0.167
Compression reinforcement NOT required

z = 0.95d

As = M/0.87fykz
= 12.7 × 106 / (0.87 × 500 × 0.95 × 95)
= 325 mm2/m width > As, min

Provide H10-200 (393 mm2/m width)
Support

K = M/fckbd2 = 17.0 × 106/(25 × 1000 × 952) = 0.076 < Kbal = 0.167
Compression reinforcement NOT required

z = 0.93d < 0.95d

As = M/0.87fykz
= 17.0 × 106 / (0.87 × 500 × 0.93 × 95)
= 444 mm2/m width > As, min

Provide H10-175 (449 mm2/m width)
(b) In the Long Span
Mid-span

K = M/fckbd2 = 6.66 × 106/(25 × 1000 × 852) = 0.037 < Kbal = 0.167
Compression reinforcement NOT required

z = 0.97d > 0.95d ∴ Use z = 0.95d

As = M/0.87fykz
= 6.66× 106 / (0.87 × 500 × 0.95 × 85)
= 190 mm2/m width > As, min

Provide H10-350 (224 mm2/m width)

Support

K = M/fckbd2 = 8.82 × 106/(25 × 1000 × 852) = 0.039 < Kbal = 0.167
Compression reinforcement NOT required

z = 0.96d > 0.95d ∴ Use z = 0.95d

As = M/0.87fykz
= 8.82× 106 / (0.87 × 500 × 0.95 × 85)
= 225 mm2/m width > As, min

Provide H10-325 (242 mm2/m width)
 Torsional Reinforcement

75% As @ mid-span
= 0.75 x 325 = 244 mm2/m > As min

Provide H10-300 (262 mm2/m) 75% As @ mid-span

= 0.75 x 325 = 244 mm2/m > As min
Provide H10-300 (262 mm2/m)
1B 1C

75% As @ mid-span
Void = 0.75 x 325 = 244 mm2/m > As min

Provide H10-300 (262 mm2/m)

2B 2C
Shear
1B 1C
0.57

0.40 0.26 Void

0.38
2B 2C
Shear

Maximum design shear force, VEd = 0.57 × 12.24 × 4 = 27.9 kN/m width

k = 1 + (200/d)1/2 ≤ 2.0
= 1 + (200/95)1/2 = 2.45 > 2.0 ∴ Use k = 2.0
ρl = Asl/bd ≤ 0.02
= 449 / (1000 × 95) = 0.0047 è Why choose Asl = 449 mm2 (at support)?

VRd, c = [0.12k(1000ρlfck)1/3] bd
= [0.12 × 2.0 (1000 × 0.0047×25)1/3] × 1000 × 95 × 10-3 = 51.9 kN/m width
Vmin = [0.0035k3/2fck1/2]bd
= [0.0035 × 2.03/2 × 251/2] × 1000 × 95 × 10-3 = 47.0 kN/m width

VEd (27.9 kN/m width) < 51.9 kN/m width è OK

DeflecDon

Percentage of required tension reinforcement;
ρ = As, req / bd
= 325/ 1000 × 95 = 0.0034

Reference reinforcement ra5o;
ρo = (fck)1/2 × 10-3 = (25)1/2 × 10-3 = 0.0050

Since ρ ≤ ρo è Use Eq. (7.16a) in EC 2 Cl. 7.4.2
For structural system, K = 1.0



∴ (l/d)basic = 1.3(11 + 11.0 + 5.00) = 35.0

Modifica5on factor for span less than 7 m = 1.00
Modifica5on for steel area provided = As, prov / As, req = 393/325 = 1.21 < 1.50

∴ (l/d)allow = 59.9 × 1.00 × 1.21 = 42.32

(l/d)actual = 4000/95 = 42.1 < (l/d)allow

DeflecDon OK
Cracking

hf = 125 mm < 200 mm
Max bar spacing

Main bar:
Smax, slab = 3hf ≤ 400 mm = 375 mm
Max bar spacing = 350 mm < Smax, slab è OK

Secondary bar:
Smax, slab = 3.5hf ≤ 450 mm = 437.5 mm
Max bar spacing = 425 mm < Smax, slab è OK


Cracking OK