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Types and Classes of Signatures

This document discusses signatures and forgery. It outlines 2 categories of signatures: model signatures which can be used for forgery, and evidentiary signatures used as evidence. There are 3 classes of signatures - formal, informal, and careless scribbles. Forgery is defined as simulating someone's signature without permission for profit. There are 3 major types of forgery: simple, simulated/copied, and traced forgery using 4 tracing methods. Characteristics in writing that can identify forgery include class characteristics common to many and individual characteristics peculiar to a person. 15 elements of writing forms are defined that can be analyzed to detect forgery.

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Angel Torres
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2K views3 pages

Types and Classes of Signatures

This document discusses signatures and forgery. It outlines 2 categories of signatures: model signatures which can be used for forgery, and evidentiary signatures used as evidence. There are 3 classes of signatures - formal, informal, and careless scribbles. Forgery is defined as simulating someone's signature without permission for profit. There are 3 major types of forgery: simple, simulated/copied, and traced forgery using 4 tracing methods. Characteristics in writing that can identify forgery include class characteristics common to many and individual characteristics peculiar to a person. 15 elements of writing forms are defined that can be analyzed to detect forgery.

Uploaded by

Angel Torres
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Signature Analysis Overview
  • Elements of Forms in Writing
  • Continuation of Elements in Writing

ANGEL TORRES

SIGNATURE
2 Categories of signature:
1. Model Signature- Basis for Forgey
2. Evidencial Signature- use for evidence
3 Classes of signature:
1. Formal/Complete- Used in signing very important document
2. Informal/Cursory- Used for routine document
3. Careless Scribble- Used for Not so important document
Forgery- Simulating, Tracing somebody’s signature without permission for profit.
- Falsifying or counterfeiting any treasure/bank notes, paper bills documents .
3 Major Types of forgery:
1. Simple Forgery- Forge signature NO ATTEMPT HAS BEEN MADE TO MAKE A
COPY SPURIOUS SIGNATURE
2. Simulated or Copied Forgery- RESEMBLES THE GENUINE SIGNATURE
WRITTEN BY FREEHAND
MOST SKILLFUL FORM OF FORGERY
3. Traced Forgery- Closely resembles the genuine made by some tracing
process/outline form
4 Methods of tracing:
C 1. Carbon outline process- Carbon paper
I 2. Indention process- Considerable Pressure / CANAL LIKE PROCESS
P 3. Projection/ Transmitted light process- Used of light from back to bottom
L 4. Laser Method- used HOLOGRAM

Characteristics in writing
- ANY PROPERTY MARKS ELEMENTS W/c DISTINGUISH
- IDENTIFYING DETAILS
Types of characteristics
1. CLASS CHARACTERISTICS- PROPERTIES WHICH ARE COMMON
2. INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS- PERSONAL AND PECULIAR
15 ELEMENTS OF FORMS IN WRITING
1) ARC- ROUNDED INNER PART OF AN UPPER CURVE, BEND OR CROOK

2) BEARD- INTRODUCTORY UP AND DOWN STROKES FOUND IN SOME


CAPITAL LETTERS/ DOUBLE HITCH

3) BLUNT- PART OF STROKE ABRUPT BEGINNING OR END


PEN DOES NOT CREATES DIMINISHING STROKES.

4) BUCKLE KNOT- HORIZONTAL /LOOP STROKED- NAGDUDUGTONG

5) CENTRAL PART- BODY OF LETTER SMALL ROUNDED CIRCULAR


STROKES

6) DUCTUS LINK,DUCTUS BROKEN- CONNECTION BETWEEN LETTERS,


JOINED OR DISCONNECTED

7) EYELET/EYELOOP- SMALL OBLONG STROKES

8) HITCH- INTRODUCTORY BACKWARD STROKES MOST IN CAPITAL


LETTERS SOME IN SMALL LETTERS.

9) HUMPS- OUTER PORTION OF UPPER CURVE BEND OR CROOK

10) KNOB- TINY POOL OF INK AT BEGINNING / ENDING STROKES

11) LOOP- OBLONG STROKES


12) STEM/SHANK/STAFF- BACKBONE OF LETTER/ LONE DOWNWARD
STROKES

13) INITIAL/ TERMINAL SPUR- LONG RUNNING INITIAL/ TERMINAL STROKES

14) THROUGH- GARLAND FROM LETTER STROKES

15) WHIRL- LONE UPWARD STROKES FOUND IN OPPOSITE STEM

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