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Module 10 QDE...

The document discusses typewriter examination and identification. It defines key terminology used in typewriter analysis like defects, alignment issues, ribbon condition, and more. It also covers identifying characteristics of typewriters like slant, alignment, and defects in typefaces that can be used to identify the specific typewriter used.

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Justine yu
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289 views

Module 10 QDE...

The document discusses typewriter examination and identification. It defines key terminology used in typewriter analysis like defects, alignment issues, ribbon condition, and more. It also covers identifying characteristics of typewriters like slant, alignment, and defects in typefaces that can be used to identify the specific typewriter used.

Uploaded by

Justine yu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GAPAN CITY COLLEGE

City Hall Compound, Bayanihan, Gapan City,


Nueva Ecija, Philippines 3105
Department of Criminal Justice
Education
Module 10 in
QUESTIONED DOCUMENT EXAMINATION

Name: ______________________________________ Score: ___________


Course, Year & Sec.: ___________________________ Date: ____________

TYPEWRITING EXAMINATION AND IDENTIFICATION

TYPEWRITER- A machine that can reproduce printed characters on papers or that can produced printed
letters and figures on paper.

TERMINOLOGIES IN TYPEWRITER EXAMINATIONS


ALIGNMENT DEFECT- Include character which write improperly in the following respects. A twisted letter,
horizontal mal-alignment, vertical malalignment and a character special adjustment to the types lock.
CARBON IMPRESSION
➤ Any type writing which is classed as a carbon by action of the typefaces striking through carbon
paper is classed as carbon impression.
➤ Generally, carbon impression is "Carbon Copies" but sometimes original typewriting is made
directly through a carbon paper carbon

CHARACTER- in connection with typewriting identification the terms "character" is use to include
either letters, symbols, numerals, or point of punctuation.
CLOGGED (DIRTY) TYPEFACE- with use the typefaces becomes filled with lint, is allowed to
progress without cleaning, there comes of time when the written impression actually print with the
clogged areas shaded on a solid block.
DEFECTS- the term defect describes any abnormality or maladjustment in typewriter which is
reflected in its works and which leads to its individualization or identification.
HORIZONTAL MAL-ALIGNMENT- an alignment defect in which the character prints on the right to
left of its proper position is known as horizontal alignment.

MAL-ALIGNMENT- is synonymous with the term "Alignment Defects"


OFF ITS FEET- The condition of a typeface printing heavier on one side or corner than over the
remainder of its outline.
PERMANENT DEFECT- Any identifying characteristics of a typewriter, which cannot be corrected by
simply cleaning the typeface, or replacing the ribbon is classed permanent defect.
PLATEN- The cylindrical roller in a typewriter against which the paper is held.
PROPORTIONAL SPACING TYPEWRITING
➤ A modern from of typewriting which resembles printing in that all of the horizontal space as they do
with the conventional typewriter, for example the “I” occupies two units. The “o” three and the “m” five.

RIBBON CONDITION- Typewriter ribbons gradually deteriorate with use and the degree of
determination is a measure of the ribbon conditions.

TYPEFACE- The printing surface of the type block is known as the typeface, with most modern
typewriter this block is attached at the end of a movable arm or type bar, which propels the typeface
against the ribbon and paper to make the typewriter impression.
TWISTED LETTER- Each letter and character is designed to print a certain fixed angle to the base
line, due to wear, and damage to the type bars and the type block, some letters become twisted so
that they lean to the right or left of their correct slant.

VERTICAL MAL-ALIGNMENT- a character printing above or below its proper position has the
quality of vertical mal-alignment.

IDENTIFICATION OF TYPEWRITTEN DOCUMENTS


1. SLANT- A study is made of each character to determine to what extent, if any, it leans either to the
right or to the left.
2. ALIGNMENT- If a typewriter is in proper alignment each character should strike in the center of an
imaginary rectangle.
3. FOOTING- A letter may strike heavier either on the right, on the left, on the top or on the bottom.
4. DEFECTS IN THE TYPE FACE
➤ These maybe brought about either through mistreatment or as results of ordinary wear and tear.
➤ When questioned typewriter is compared with known typewritten exemplars, three general areas of
examination are made:
* Size and spacing (vertical and horizontal)
* Type style
* Unique identifying characteristics-character and alignment defects.
TYPES OF TYPEWRITERS
1. CONVENTIONAL TYPEWRITERS USING TYPE BARS
a. Pica type - 10 letters/inch
b. Elite type - 12 letters/inch
c. 6 Letter/inch
d. Tele-type Machine
e. 14-16 letter/inch - special
typewriters

2. TYPEWRITER USING SINGLE ELEMENTS OR BALL


➤ A typewriter machine, capable, of typing 10 or characteristic per inch.
➤ Change of horizontal spacing is done easily by the flip of a switch.
3. TYPEWRITER USING A PRINT WHEEL (ELECTRONIC TYPEWRITER)- This is a typewriter
equipped with a type device called a print wheel; the printwheel contains all of characteristics
capability of typing 10,12 and 15 letters per inch.

References:
M.G. ALVAREZ FORENSIC EXAMINATION OF QUESTIONED DOCUMENT (THIRD EDITION)
CHAPTERHOUSE PUBLISHING INC.
Richard T. Camara, Ph. D. (2016). Questioned Document Examination, An Instructional Material for
Criminology Students with Laboratory Manual
PREPARED BY:
Ron Reynan F Esguerra, RCrim
Instructor

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