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UnderstandingTimeCurrentCurvesPart1
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Understandingtimecurrentcurves:Part1
PostedbyDavidPaulonJanuary28,2014@2:36pm
Thefirstinstallmentofathreepartseriesabouttimecurrent
curves(TCCs)providesaquickoverviewofitemidentification
andhowtoreadTCCplots.
Atimecurrentcurve(TCC)plotstheinterruptingtimeofanovercurrentdevicebasedonagiven
[Link]
devices,[Link]
requiredbyUnderwritersLaboratories(UL)[Link]
dictatedbyboththephysicalconstructionofthedeviceaswellasthesettingsselectedinthecaseof
[Link]
understandbecausetheygraphicallyshowtheresponseofthedevicetovariouslevelsovercurrent.
Thecurvesallowthepowersystemsengineertographicallyrepresenttheselectivecoordinationof
[Link],suchas
EasyPower,SKMPowerTools,andEtap,containgraphicallibrariesofcurvestoallowthepower
systemengineertheabilitytoplot,analyze,andprintthecurveswithminimaleffortcomparedtothe
previousmethodsusedwhencoordinatingapowersystem.
TCCitemidentification
TheTCCdiagramshowninFigure1(below)plotstheinterruptingresponsetimeofacurrent
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
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UnderstandingTimeCurrentCurvesPart1
[Link]
[Link]
instantaneouscircuitbreakertripvalues.
Theonelinediagram(seeFigure2)andTCCplotshowatypicalhypotheticalindustrialpower
[Link](inthiscase
4,160V),whichfeedstheprimarysideofa2.5MVApowertransformerthroughamediumvoltage
fusedswitchcontaininganEClassfuse.The480Vsecondarysideofthetransformerfeedsapieceof
lowvoltagepowerswitchgearutilizingdrawoutlowvoltagepowercircuitbreakersforthemainand
[Link]
curvesarebasedonacceptedindustryconsensusstandardspublishedbytheAmericanNational
StandardsInstitute(ANSI,forthetransformer)andtheInsulatedCableEngineersAssociation(ICEA,
forthecables).[Link]
(overcurrentprotection)mustbekepttotheleftofthedamagecurvetoguaranteenopermanent
[Link]
2/7
3/17/2015
UnderstandingTimeCurrentCurvesPart1
[Link]
therightofthedamagecurvesubjectthedeviceinquestiontocurrentsthatcancausepermanent
irreversibledamage,ashortenedlifespan,[Link],theovercurrent
andcircuitbreakercoordinationschemesmusttakethisintoaccountduringtheinitialdesignphase.
Therearetwotransformerdamagecurves(showninorangeonFigure1)oneisdashed,theotheris
[Link]
windingtypeandfaulttype.Thedasheddamagecurveisthe100%ratingcurvewithnoderating
[Link].
Again,aspartoftheinitialdesign,thetransformerinrushcurrentmustbetotheleftofthetransformer
primaryfusecurve,[Link]
intheunbalancedand100%damagecurvescanbemitigatedwithadditionalprotectiverelayingto
allowthe100%curvetobeusedforpowersystemdesignwithouttheriskoftransformerdamage.
Therearethreecabledamagecurves(showningreenonFigure1).Thereisonecurveforeachcable
[Link],theovercurrentinterruptingdevice
[Link]
curvesforthecablesaredependentonsize,insulationtypeandracewayconfiguration.
[Link],a
leadingautomationsolutionsproviderofferingindustrialautomation,strategicmanufacturing,and
[Link]
consultinginawidevarietyofareasincludingindustrialautomationcontrols,distributedcontrol
systems,manufacturingexecutionsystems,operationalstrategy,businessprocessoptimizationand
more.
[Link]
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UnderstandingTimeCurrentCurvesPart1
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Discussion4Comments
Thereare4responsesto"Understandingtimecurrentcurves:Part1".
DavidHollistersays:
February2,2014at7:07am
[Link],Iam
thankfultohavefoundthissincenooneatmyplantcouldexplaintheTCCinsuchclarity.
Reply
GabeMendezsays:
February14,2014at9:11am
ThisisagoodexplanationofTCCsandwillhelpinunderstandwhyacoordinationstudyis
needed!Notonlyforequipmentsafetyandreliabilitybutasyoutouchedon,reducingenergy
availableforTechnicians!!
GoodJob
Reply
DanHoltzclawsays:
July30,2014at2:41pm
WherecanIfindaguidelinefortheminimumamountoftimebetweencurvesforagiven
currentlevel?
Reply
Understandingtimecurrentcurves:Part2|MAVERICKIdeassays:
January30,2014at9:17am
[]fromPart1Thelightbluecurverepresentsthecircuitbreakersettingsforthefeeder
circuitbreaker.[]
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UnderstandingTimeCurrentCurvesPart1
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Understandingtimecurrentcurves:Part2
PostedbyDavidPaulonJanuary30,2014@9:17am
Thesecondinstallmentofathreepartseriesabouttimecurrent
curves(TCCs)coversshortandlongtimesettings,including
theirpurposeandexamplesofsuchovercurrents.
ContinuedfromPart1
[Link]
portionofthecurve(below0.05secorthreecyclesonthetimeaxis)istheinstantaneoustripfunction.
Thepurposeoftheinstantaneoustripistotripthecircuitbreakerquicklywithnointentionaldelay(no
morethanafewcycles)[Link]
[Link]
faultsmustbeinterruptedquicklyanddonotallowthesystemtowaitandseeifthefaultwillself
[Link].
InthecaseshowninPart1,theinstantaneoussettingis2,400Aandthemaximumvaluedisplayedis
[Link]
significantchangesintheArcFlashHazardcategory,sothisisasettingwhichmustbecarefully
selectedaccordingtosoundengineeringprinciples.
[Link]
timesettingscoverthetimerangefrom0.05to0.5sec(threeto30cycles).Thepurposeofshorttime
settingsistoallowatimebaseddelaytoelapsebeforetrippingthecircuitbreakerformoderate
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
1/7
3/17/2015
UnderstandingTimeCurrentCurvesPart2
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
describedcurveshiftsaredepictedontheTCCplotsbelow.
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
faultstimetoclearthemselvesandallowselectricalequipmenttooperateinatemporarilyoverloaded
[Link]
ofovercurrentswouldbetheoverloadingofapowertransformerorlargemotorforafewminutes.
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link],thekneecanbeshiftedlowerbydecreasingthe
[Link].
[Link]
2/7
3/17/2015
UnderstandingTimeCurrentCurvesPart2
[Link]
[Link]
thesamecircuitbreakerusinganelectronicversusnonelectronictripmechanism.
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
moretolerance+/inthenonelectronictripunitduetoanalogcomponenttolerancesandelectro
[Link]
instantaneous,shorttimeandlongtimearemuchmoredistinctandaccuratebecauseofthedigital
[Link]
[Link]
impossibletoimprovetheperformanceofthenonelectronictripbecauseofthephysicallimitsofthe
components.
[Link]
3/7
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UnderstandingTimeCurrentCurvesPart2
AscanbeseenintheaboveTCCcurveselectronictripunitsprovidetheengineergreaterabilityto
[Link]
ofrepairpartsforoldernonelectronictripunitsthereplacementoftheseunitswithelectronictrips
unitscanimprovesystemcoordinationandreducearcflashvaluesinaproperlydesignedelectrical
powersystem.
[Link],a
leadingautomationsolutionsproviderofferingindustrialautomation,strategicmanufacturing,and
[Link]
consultinginawidevarietyofareasincludingindustrialautomationcontrols,distributedcontrol
systems,manufacturingexecutionsystems,operationalstrategy,businessprocessoptimizationand
more.
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Thereare4responsesto"Understandingtimecurrentcurves:Part2".
TFeldsays:
February14,2014at4:50pm
[Link]
[Link],providethemaspdfdownloads.
Reply
Lucsays:
March3,2014at8:01am
CopypastetheimagesinExcelandenlarge,thatshowIdidit.
[Link]
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UnderstandingTimeCurrentCurvesPart2
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Mariosays:
October31,2014at6:52am
Whereisthelinkforpart3?
Reply
likensays:
December9,2014at2:56am
[Link]
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UnderstandingTimeCurrentCurvesPart3
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Understandingtimecurrentcurves:Part3
PostedbyDavidPaulonFebruary13,2014@2:53pm
Thefinalinstallmentofathreepartseriesabouttimecurrent
curves(TCCs)reviewsthecoordinationofsamplecurvesand
theimportanceofcoordination.
ContinuedfromPart2
NowthatthebasicsofTCCshavebeenexplained,[Link]
curvestocoordinatewillconsistofanMCCwithmain800Afuses,a1,200Afeedercircuitbreaker
andtheswitchgear3,[Link]
circuitbreakertripcurves,andinsomeinstancesthemaincircuitbreakerwilltripbeforethefeeder
[Link],itis
[Link]
[Link]
purposes,[Link]
assumptionsmaketheexamplecasehererealisticasthereareoftenconstraints,suchasthisfoundin
[Link]
[Link],coordinatedis
definedaslocalizationofanovercurrentconditiontorestrictoutagestothecircuitorequipment
affected,accomplishedbythechoiceofovercurrentprotectivedevicesandtheirratingsorsettings.
[Link]
1/6
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UnderstandingTimeCurrentCurvesPart3
Inthecoordinatedexamplethemainandfeedercircuitbreakersareselectivelycoordinatedandthe
[Link]
[Link]
thesecircuitbreakersincludedthefollowingchanges:
MainCircuitBreakerLongTimePickup(LTPU)from2880to3200
MainCircuitBreakerShortTimePickup(STPU)from1.5to5
MainCircuitBreakerShortTimeDelay(STDLY)[Link].
MainCircuitBreakerInstantaneousPickupfrom3todisabled
FB3CircuitBreakerLongTimePickup(LTPU)from1to.95
FB3CircuitBreakerSTPUfrom4to5
FB3CircuitBreakerInstantaneousPickupfrom15to9
ThereisoverlapoftheMCCmainfuseandthefeedercircuitbreakertimecurrentcurvesforlong
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link],engineeringjudgmentis
[Link],Arc
[Link],
[Link]
exampleArcflashhazardcategoryratingsforboththeuncoordinatedandthecoordinatedcaseswere
[Link]
[Link]
andsettingsbelefttopowersystemengineersexperiencedinindustrialpowersystems.
[Link],a
leadingautomationsolutionsproviderofferingindustrialautomation,strategicmanufacturing,and
[Link]
consultinginawidevarietyofareasincludingindustrialautomationcontrols,distributedcontrol
systems,manufacturingexecutionsystems,operationalstrategy,businessprocessoptimizationand
more.
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[Link]
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Thereare2responsesto"Understandingtimecurrentcurves:Part3".
BobQuammensays:
June24,2014at1:43pm
DavidPaulhaswrittenaclearandeasytofollowguidetounderstandingsomeoftheusesofthe
[Link]
[Link],[Link]
doneDavidPaul,thankyouverymuch.
Reply
davewhitesays:
October7,2014at11:09pm
[Link],particularlyhowto
[Link]
youforproducingthisseriesofarticlesonunderstandingTCCs!
Reply
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UnderstandingTimeCurrentCurvesPart3
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Everyday,MAVERICKemployeesconnectwithourcustomersondifferentprojectsacrossa
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]'resharingour
[Link]'swrittenbyengineers,forengineers,andwehopeit
willhelpyoutakeyouroperationtothenextlevel.
Youralliesinmanufacturing,
TheMAVERICKManagementTeam
LearnabouttheManagementTeam
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[Link]'tpush
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