2.
Program Code (a): Correlation Sequences, Cross-Correlation of the Sequences:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
disp('Student ID: 22702033');
x = input('Enter the sequence 1: ');
h = input('Enter the sequence 2: ');
y = xcorr(x, h);
figure;
subplot(3,1,1);
stem(x);
xlabel('n ->');
ylabel('Amplitude ->');
title('Input sequence 1');
subplot(3,1,2);
stem(h);
xlabel('n ->');
ylabel('Amplitude ->');
title('Input sequence 2');
subplot(3,1,3);
stem(fliplr(y));
xlabel('n ->');
ylabel('Amplitude ->');
title('Output (Cross-correlation) sequence');
disp('The resultant cross-correlation sequence is:');
fliplr(y)
Auto Correlation Function:
clc;
close all;
clear all;
disp('Student ID: 22702033');
x = input('Enter the sequence: ');
y = xcorr(x, x);
figure;
subplot(2,1,1);
stem(x);
ylabel('Amplitude ->');
xlabel('n ->');
title('Input sequence');
subplot(2,1,2);
stem(fliplr(y));
ylabel('Amplitude ->');
xlabel('n ->');
title('Auto-correlation Output sequence');
disp('The resultant auto-correlation sequence is:');
fliplr(y)
Programme code(b): Linear Convolution and Circular Convoluatoin:
% linear convolution
close all
clear all
x=input('Enter x: ')
h=input('Enter h: ')
m=length(x);
n=length(h); X=[x zeros(1,n)];
H=[h zeros(1,m)];
for i=1:n+m-1
Y(i)=0;
for j=1:i
Y(i)=Y(i)+X(j)*H(i-j+1);
end
end
Y
stem(Y); ylabel('Y[n]');
xlabel('>n');
title('Convolution of Two Signals without convfunction');
Enter x: [4 5 6 7 8]
Enter h: [1 2 3 4]
Circular Convoluatoin:
% Define two input signals
x = input('Enter The sequence x(n): ');
h = input('Enter The sequence h(n): ');
% Length of the signals
Nx = length(x);
Nh = length(h);
% Length of the result
N = Nx + Nh - 1;
% Zero-padding the signals to the length of the result
x_padded = [x, zeros(1, N - Nx)];
h_padded = [h, zeros(1, N - Nh)];
% Initialize the result
y = zeros(1, N);
% Circular convolution
for n = 1:N
for k = 1:N
y(n) = y(n) + x_padded(k) * h_padded(mod(n - k, N) + 1);
end
end
% Display the result
disp('Circular Convolution Result:');
disp(y);
stem(y);
title('Circular Convolution');
xlabel('n');
ylabel('y(n)');
Enter The sequence x(n): [4 7 9 6 7]
Enter The sequence h(n): [1 2 3 4]
Circular Convolution Result:
4 15 35 61 74 68 45 28
3. Program Code(a): Effect of up-sampling in frequency domain:
clc;
close all;
clear all;
disp('Student ID: 22702033');
freq = [0 0.45 0.5 1];
mag = [0 1 0 0];
x = fir2(99, freq, mag);
[Xz, W] = freqz(x, 1, 512);
figure(1);
plot(W/pi, abs(Xz));
grid on;
xlabel('Omega / Pi');
ylabel('Magnitude');
title('Input Spectrum');
L = input('Enter the up-sampling factor: ');
% Up-sampling operation
y = zeros(1, L * length(x));
y(1:L:end) = x;
[Vz, W] = freqz(y, 1, 512);
figure(2);
plot(W/pi, abs(Vz));
grid on;
xlabel('Omega / Pi');
ylabel('Magnitude');
title('Output Spectrum (After Up-sampling)');
Enter the up-sampling factor: 5
Program Code: (b) The effect of Interpolation process:
clc;
close all;
clear all;
N = input('Length of input signal: ');
L = input('Up-sampling factor: ');
f1 = input('Frequency of first sinusoid: ');
f2 = input('Frequency of second sinusoid: ');
n = 0:N-1;
x = sin(2*pi*f1*n) + sin(2*pi*f2*n); % Generate the input sequence
y = interp(x,L); % Generate interpolated o/p
figure(1); % Plot input & output sequences
stem(n,x(1:N));
title('Input sequence');
xlabel('Time index n');
ylabel('Amplitude');
grid on;
m=0:N*L-1;
figure(2);
stem(m,y(1:N*L));
title('Interpolated Output sequence');
xlabel('Time index n');
ylabel('Amplitude');
grid on;
Length of input signal: 90
Up-sampling factor: 2
Frequency of first sinusoid: 50
Frequency of second sinusoid: 100
