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Microprogrammed Control Unit Overview

Microprogrammed control uses a control memory (ROM) to store microinstructions that control the sequencing of operations. The microinstructions are divided into fields that control different functions units. The control unit fetches microinstructions from ROM based on the address in the control address register (CAR) and decodes and executes the specified operations. This allows reconfiguring the control logic by changing the microcode in ROM rather than redesigning the hardware.

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101 views13 pages

Microprogrammed Control Unit Overview

Microprogrammed control uses a control memory (ROM) to store microinstructions that control the sequencing of operations. The microinstructions are divided into fields that control different functions units. The control unit fetches microinstructions from ROM based on the address in the control address register (CAR) and decodes and executes the specified operations. This allows reconfiguring the control logic by changing the microcode in ROM rather than redesigning the hardware.

Uploaded by

thivaharan_1981
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Micro Programmed Control

Micro programmed control


organization
External Input Control Word

Next Address Control Control


Control data
generator Address memory
register
(sequencer) register (ROM)

Next Address
Information
Address Sequencing
Instruction Code

Mapping Logic

Branch
Logic Multiplexes

SBR

Clock CAR

Incrementer

Select Control Memory


Status Bit

Branch Address Micro operations


Micro Program Example (HW configuration)

MUX
Main Memory
10 0 ( 2048 X 16)
AR

10 0 MUX
PC
15 0
DR
6 0 6 0
SBR CAR A L & Shift Unit

15 0
Control Memory AC
( 128 X 20 )
Machine Instruction format:
15 14 11 10 0

I opcode Address

FOUR COMPUTER INSTRUCTION


Symbol Opcode Description
ADD 0000 AC  AC + M[ EA ]
BRANCH 0001 If ( AC < 0 ) ( PC  EA )
STORE 0010 M [ EA ]  AC
EXCHANGE 0011 AC  M [ EA ], M [EA] AC
Micro Instruction format:
3 3 3 2 2 7

F1 F2 F3 CD BR AD

F1, F2, F3 Micro operation field


CD Condition for branching
BR Branch Field
AD Address field
F1 Micro Instructions
F1 Micro Operation Symbol
000 None NOP
001 ACAC+DR ADD
010 AC0 CLRAC
011 ACAC+1 INCAC
100 ACDR DRTAC
101 ARDR(0-10) DRTAR
110 ARPC PCTAR
111 M[AR]DR WRITE
F2 Micro Instruction
F2 Micro operation Symbol
000 None NOP
001 ACAC-DR SUB
010 ACAC v DR OR
011 ACAC ^ DR AND
100 DRM[AR] READ
101 DRAC ACTDR
110 DRDR+1 INCDR
111 DR(0 – 10 )  PC PCTDR
F3 Micro Instruction
F3 Micro operation Symbol
000 None NOP
001 ACAC DR XOR
010 ACAC COM
011 AC  shl AC SHL
100 AC  shr AC SHR
101 PCPC+1 INCPC
110 PCAR ARTPC
111 Reserved
CD Micro Instruction
CD Condition Symbol Comments
00 Always = 1 U Unconditional Branch
01 DR ( 15 ) I Indirect Address Bit
10 AC ( 15 ) S Sign Bit of AC
11 AC = 0 Z Zero Value in AC
BR Micro Instruction
BR Symbol Function
00 JMP CAR  AD if condition = 1
CAR  CAR + 1 if condition = 0
01 CALL CAR  AD, SBR  CAR + 1 if condition = 1
Car  CAR + 1 if condition = 0
10 RET CAR  SBR (return from sun routine)
11 MAP CAR ( 2-5)  DR (11 – 14), CAR (0, 1, 6)  0
Symbolic Micro program
Label Micro CD BR AD
operation
ORG 0
ADD: NOP I CALL INDRCT
READ U JMP NEXT
ADD U JMP FETCH

ORG 64
FETCH: PCTAR U JMP NEXT
READ, INCPC U JMP NEXT
DRTAR U MAP
INDRCT: READ U JMP NEXT
DRTAR U RET
Design of control unit
F1 F2 F3

3 X 8 Decoder 3 X 8 Decoder 3 X 8 decoder

AND
ADD
DRTAC Arithmetic logic
shift unit
From PC From DR (0 – 10)

Load
Multiplexer AC
Select

Load CLK
AR

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