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This study addresses the spread of live-content piracy in the EU, focusing on unauthorised sports and broadcast streaming via illegal IPTV services and apps. The analysis is focused on the EU legal framework, Commission Recommendation (EU) 2023/1018, national enforcement practices, and technological tools. The study identifies key legal and policy gaps. In conclusion, a set of recommendations is presented, in order to strengthen, harmonise, and accelerate anti-piracy enforcement across the Union. ...

This paper analyses how Russia’s hybrid interference targets European Union (EU) enlargement countries and how the EU responds, particularly with regard to its enlargement policy. It develops a precise, strategy‑centred concept of ‘hybrid interference’ that distinguishes coordinated, multi‑instrument campaigns against domestic democratic orders from broader notions of hybrid warfare, influence or leverage. On this basis, it maps recurring vulnerabilities across nine enlargement countries – Albania ...

In June 2025, the European Commission published its proposal for the Global Europe Instrument – the principal financial instrument for external actions under the 2028-2034 Multiannual Financial Framework. The proposal foresees possibilities to restrict access to procurement under the instrument, provide direct support to European private companies and support to EU Member States' Export Credit Agencies. The workshop provided analysis of these issues from the perspective of development cooperation ...

Against the backdrop of Russia’s war against Ukraine, and the rapid battlefield adaptation that it has led to, defence innovation and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are being seen as key contributors to Europe’s industrial preparedness, production scalability and security of supply. To this end, recent European Union (EU) policy and financial initiatives have specifically targeted SMEs in the defence sector, to address the financial, regulatory and industrial bottlenecks facing SMEs in ...

This study was prepared at the request of the European Parliament’s Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection (IMCO). It maps the fraudulent practices used by fake web shops across their full operational lifecycle, assesses the EU legal and enforcement framework against each stage, and identifies structural gaps in coverage, enforcement, and cross-border coordination. The study provides six high-level recommendations for legislative and operational action, as well as a list of targeted ...

This in-depth analysis was prepared for the Policy Department for Economy and Growth at the request of the Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection (IMCO). It maps the fraudulent practices used by fake web shops across their full operational lifecycle, assesses the EU legal and enforcement framework against each stage, and identifies structural gaps in coverage, enforcement, and cross-border coordination. The paper concludes with six high-level recommendations for legislative and ...

This briefing explores the potential of a European Senior/Pensioner Card from a human rights perspective. It assesses different design options, particularly regarding eligibility. While such a card could support mobility, participation and access to services, it would need to be embedded in a broader policy approach addressing age discrimination and promoting age-friendly environments across the EU.

This infographic presents the key facts and policy challenges surrounding childhood cancer, a rare but highly impactful disease that remains the leading disease-related cause of death beyond infancy in Europe. The infographic underlines that children are not small adults, but rather require specific approaches to diagnosis, treatment, research, rehabilitation, and long-term survivorship care. It also highlights the persistent inequalities in access to specialised paediatric oncology services across ...

This briefing paper analyses the protection offered by the Sale of Goods Directive, the Digital Content Directive, the Ecodesign Regulation, the Unfair Contract Terms Directive and the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive against abandonware. Abandonware pertains to the situation where consumers’ use of goods with digital elements, digital content or digital services depends on their interaction with a trader’s network or services, and such interaction is discontinued or changed by the trader or ...

Consumer offerings made available on the market for ‘sale’ often look very differently from what they used to look a few decades ago. Many of them are no longer tangible, but in digital format, and if they are still primarily tangible, they often come with digital elements. Examples of digital items offered for ‘sale’ include software (such as apps), audio and video files, images, and videogames. Examples of tangible items with digital elements include connected products (such as connected vehicles ...