A set of treebanks for multiple languages annotated in basic Stanford-style dependencies.

NB: The guidelines are currently under revision and the project is migrating to http://universaldependencies.github.io/docs/. For further updates, check the new site or contact the project coordinators.

v2.1

• Identical to version 2.0, except changes license to CC-BY-SA (drops non-commercial aspect of license). This applies solely to the UD annotations, not the underlying content.

v2.0

• Includes Brazilian-Portuguese, English, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Indonesian, Japanese, Korean, Spanish and Swedish
• Beta content-head version
• Bug fixes
• Description of universal relations

v1.0

• Includes English, French, German, Spanish, Swedish and Korean.

Releases

• Version 2.0 - Bug fixes, new data, 5 new languages, content-head beta version
• Version 1.0 - Initial Release

Relevant Documents

• Universal Dependency Guidelines
  • https://uni-dep-tb.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/universal-guidelines.pdf
• Universal Dependency Annotation for Multilingual Parsing. McDonald et al. ACL 2013
  • http://ryanmcd.com/papers/treebanksACL2013.pdf
• English Stanford guidelines
  • http://www-nlp.stanford.edu/software/dependencies_manual.pdf
• Generating typed dependency parses from phrase structure parses. De Marneffe et al. LREC 2006.
  • https://code.google.com/p/uni-dep-tb/

Contributors and Acknowledgements

• Project coordinators: Ryan McDonald, Joakim Nivre, Slav Petrov
• Data contributors include Yvonne Quirmbach-Brundage and others at Appen-Butler-Hill; Adam LaMontagne, Milan Soucek, Timo Jarvinen, Alessandra Radici and others at Lionbridge
• Joakim Nivre provided the harmonized version of the Swedish Treebank Talbanken portion
  • http://stp.lingfil.uu.se/~nivre/swedish_treebank/
• Filip Ginter and the group at Turku provided the Finnish data and assisted in the harmonization process
  • http://bionlp.utu.fi/fintreebank.html
• Maria Simi and other researchers at Pisa provided the harmonized Italian data
  • http://medialab.di.unipi.it/wiki/ISDT
• Thanks to Fernando Pereira, Alfred Spector, Dave Orr, Jennifer Bahk and others at Google for support.
• Thanks to Hans Uszkoreit for giving us permission to use sentences from the Tiger treebank.