JSONKit is licensed under the terms of the BSD License.

JavaScript Object Notation, or JSON, is a lightweight, text-based, serialization format for structured data that is used by many web-based services and API's. It is defined by RFC 4627

JSON provides the following primitive types:

• null
• Boolean true and false
• Number
• String
• Array
• Associative Arrays (Objects in RFC 4627 nomenclature, a.k.a. Key / Value Hash Tables, Maps, Dictionaries, etc.)

These primitive types are mapped to the following Objective-C Foundation classes:

JSONKit uses Core Foundation internally, and it is assumed that Core Foundation ≡ Foundation for every equivalent base type, i.e. CFString ≡ NSString.

• While the JSON specification specifies that the serialized JSON must be encoded in Unicode, it does not specify how Unicode encoding errors should be handled. In general, JSONKit will not accept JSON that contains ill-formed Unicode.

  When the JKParseOptionLooseUnicode option is used, JSONKit follows the specifications and recommendations given in The Unicode 5.2 standard, Chapter 3, section 3.9 Unicode Encoding Forms. As a general rule of thumb, the Unicode code point U+FFFD is substituted for any ill-formed Unicode encountered. JSONKit attempts to follow the recommended Best Practice for Using U+FFFD: Replace each maximal subpart of an ill-formed subsequence by a single U+FFFD. Additionally, the following Unicode code points are treated as ill-formed Unicode, and if JKParseOptionLooseUnicode is enabled, cause U+FFFD to be substituted in their place:

  U+0000.
  U+D800 thru U+DFFF, inclusive.
  U+FDD0 thru U+FDEF, inclusive.
  U+nFFFE and U+nFFFF, where n is from 0x0 to 0x10

  The code points U+FDD0 thru U+FDEF, U+nFFFE, and U+nFFFF (where n is from 0x0 to 0x10), are defined as Noncharacters by the Unicode standard and "should never be interchanged".

  RFC 4627 allows for these limitations under section 4, Parsers: An implementation may set limits on the length and character contents of strings.

  The NSString class may place additional restrictions or otherwise transform the JSON String in such a way so that the JSON String is not bijective with the instantiated NSString object. In other words, JSONKit can not guarantee that when you round trip a JSON String to a NSString and then back to a JSON String that the two JSON Strings will be exactly the same, even though in practice they are. For clarity, "exactly" in this case means bit for bit identical. JSONKit can not even guarantee that the two JSON Strings will be Unicode equivalent, even though in practice they will be and would be the most likely cause for the two round tripped JSON Strings to no longer be bit for bit identical.

• JSONKit maps true and false to the CFBoolean values kCFBooleanTrue and kCFBooleanFalse, respectively. Conceptually, CFBoolean values can be thought of, and treated as, NSNumber class objects. The benefit to using CFBoolean is that true and false JSON values can be round trip deserialized and serialized without conversion or promotion to a NSNumber with a value of 0 or 1.

• The JSON specification does not specify the details or requirements for JSON Number values, nor does it specify how errors due to conversion should be handled. In general, JSONKit will not accept JSON that contains JSON Number values that it can not convert with out error or loss of precision.

  For non-floating-point numbers (i.e., JSON Number values that do not include a . or e|E), JSONKit uses a 64-bit C primitive type internally, regardless of whether the target architecture is 32-bit or 64-bit. For unsigned values (i.e., those that do not begin with a -), this allows for values up to 264-1, and up to -263 for negative values. As a special case, the JSON Number -0 is treated as a floating-point number since the underlying floating-point primitive type is capable of representing a negative zero, whereas the underlying twos-complement non-floating-point primitive type can not. JSON that contains Number values that exceed these limits will fail to parse and optionally return a NSError object. The functions strtoll() and strtoull() are used to perform the conversions.

  The C double primitive type, or IEEE 754 Double 64-bit floating-point, is used to represent floating-point JSON Number values. JSON that contains floating-point Number values that can not be represented as a double (i.e., due to over or underflow) will fail to parse and optionally return a NSError object. The function strtod() is used to perform the conversion. Note that the JSON standard does not allow for infinities or NaN (Not a Number).

• For JSON Associative Arrays (or object in RFC 4627 nomenclature), RFC 4627 says The names within an object SHOULD be unique (note: name is a key in JSONKit nomenclature). At this time the JSONKit behavior is undefined for JSON that contains names within an object that are not unique. However, JSONKit currently tries to follow a "the last key / value pair parsed is the one chosen" policy. This behavior is not finalized and should not be depended on.

• The NSDictionary class allows for any object, which can be of any class, to be used as a key. JSON, however, only permits Strings to be used as keys. Therefore JSONKit will fail with an error if it encounters a NSDictionary that contains keys that are not NSString objects during serialization.

• JSON does not allow for Numbers that are ±Infinity or ±NaN. Therefore JSONKit will fail with an error if it encounters a NSNumber that contains such a value during serialization.

• JSONKit will fail with an error if it encounters an object that is not a NSNull, NSNumber, NSString, NSArray, or NSDictionary class object during serialization.

• Objects created with [NSNumber numberWithBool:YES] and [NSNumber numberWithBool:NO] will be mapped to the JSON values of true and false, respectively.