feat(bindings/cpp): enable user-configurable features for storage services

[KinomotoMio]

Which issue does this PR close?

Closes #6250.

Rationale for this change

Currently, the C++ binding hardcodes all storage service features in Cargo.toml, which means:

• Users must compile and link all services regardless of their actual needs
• Binary size is unnecessarily large
• Compilation time is longer than necessary

This PR implements user-configurable features similar to the C binding (#4313), allowing users to specify only the storage services they need at build time.

What changes are included in this PR?

• Modified bindings/cpp/Cargo.toml: Removed hardcoded service dependencies, keeping only the essential blocking feature
• Enhanced bindings/cpp/CMakeLists.txt:
  • Added FEATURES cache variable for user configuration
  • Implemented intelligent feature merging logic that combines user-specified services with async support
  • Maintains backward compatibility with existing OPENDAL_ENABLE_ASYNC option
• Removed obsolete feature handling: Cleaned up the previous hardcoded async feature logic

Are there any user-facing changes?

• New option: FEATURES - allows users to specify which OpenDAL storage services to include
• Behavior change: By default, no storage services are included (users must explicitly specify needed services)
• Backward compatibility: Existing usage of OPENDAL_ENABLE_ASYNC continues to work unchanged
• Migration: Users upgrading will need to add -DFEATURES="service1,service2" to their cmake commands to include storage services

[KinomotoMio]

@asukaminato0721

[asukaminato0721]

refer to here

opendal/.github/workflows/test_behavior_binding_c.yml

Line 66 in 542df66

run: cargo build --features="opendal/${{ matrix.cases.feature }}"

[asukaminato0721]

opendal/.github/actions/test_behavior_binding_cpp/action.yaml

Lines 47 to 53 in 542df66

	cmake \
	-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
	-DOPENDAL_ENABLE_TESTING=ON \
	-DOPENDAL_DEV=ON \
	-DOPENDAL_ENABLE_ASYNC=ON \
	-DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=20 \
	..

Maybe you need to add the feature config here.

[asukaminato0721]

/home/runner/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/rocksdb-0.21.0/src/ffi_util.rs:75:
(.text._ZN7rocksdb2db21DBCommon$LT$T$C$D$GT$3get17h65f01d16dcc18acaE+0x52): undefined reference to 
`rocksdb_get_pinned'

can't understand...

[asukaminato0721]

monoiofs

==7264==ERROR: LeakSanitizer: detected memory leaks

Direct leak of 608 byte(s) in 38 object(s) allocated from:
    #0 0x55c2f57a72e3 in malloc (/home/runner/work/opendal/opendal/bindings/cpp/build/opendal_cpp_test+0x1a82e3) (BuildId: a9450bbf7a6088b8d60b7ed549bd88dfc165fab6)

[asukaminato0721]

seems only memory leak now.

[Xuanwo]

seems only memory leak now.

Thank you for the work, I think we can disable cpp test on those two services for now.

[Xuanwo]

Overall LGTM, thank you for your work!