Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/boudi

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Uncertain; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷóh₁udʰ-i ~ *gʷuh₁dʰ-éy-s, from dʰe-present *gʷéh₁u-dʰe-ti, from *gʷeh₁w- (“to increase, gain”), cognate with Proto-Iranian *fragaHwah (“profit, gain”), Proto-Balto-Slavic *gáuˀtei (“to obtain, gain”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?) Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewd-, a root potentially shared with the Germanic cognates if they are not borrowed,^[1] perhaps the same root as *bʰewd- (“to strike”) (cf. Proto-Germanic *bautaną, Proto-Celtic *bibud- (“guilty; culprit”)).

Noun

*boudi n^[1]^[2]^[3]

profit, gain
victory

Inflection

Neuter i-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*boudi	*boudī	*boudyā
vocative	*boudi	*boudī	*boudyā
accusative	*boudi	*boudī	*boudyā
genitive	*boudois	*boudois	*boudyom
dative	*boudei	*boudibom	*boudibos
locative	*boudei	*?	*?
instrumental	*boudī	*boudibim	*boudibis

Derived terms

*boudīkos (“victorious”)

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *bʉð m
- Old Breton: bud
  - Breton: buz
- Cornish: budh
- Middle Welsh: buð
  - Welsh: budd
Old Irish: búaid n, boid (archaic)
- Irish: bua
- Scottish Gaelic: buaidh
- Manx: booie
Gaulish: *boudi^[4]
- ⇒ Gaulish: *Boudilātis^[4]
  - → Latin: Boudilatis
- →? Old Dutch: *būti (or ← Germanic *biūtjaną) (see there for further descendants)
- →? Vulgar Latin: *boudinus (or *būtinus ← Frankish)
  - Old French: butin (“spoils, plunder”), botin
    - Middle French: butin
      - French: butin
        → Breton: butin
        → Catalan: botí
    - → Middle English: bottyne, botye, buty
      - English: booty, bootyn (archaic)
  - Italian: bottino (“spoils, plunder”)
→⇒ Latin: Baudihillia, Boudihillia (theonym) (a mix of Celtic and Germanic elements; this word compounded with Proto-West Germanic *hildi (“battle”))

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*bowdi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 72
^ Koch, John (2004) “*boudi-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎^[1], University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
^ Wodtko, Dagmar S. (2017–2018) “Chapter XI: Celtic”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Celtic, page 1257
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Delamarre, Xavier (2003) Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page boudi- of 83-84