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Module:labels/data/lang/en

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
The following documentation is generated by Template:label language-specific data documentation. [edit]
Useful links: root page • root page’s subpages • links • transclusions • testcases • sandbox

This module contains data for language-specific labels. See Module:labels/data for more info.

NOTE: If you add a new language-specific module, you must add the language code to the list at the top of Module:labels/data/lang in order for the module to be recognized. 


local labels = {}

------------------------------------ North America ------------------------------------

labels["North America"] = {
	aliases = {"North American"},
	display = "[[Canada]], [[American English|US]]",
	regional_categories = {"Canadian", "American"},
}

labels["caricature Black"] = {
	display = "caricatures of Black speech",
	def = "any of various caricatures of Black speech by non-Black writers",
	aliases = {"caricature black", "a caricature of Black speech", "caricatures of Black speech"},
	plain_categories = "Caricatures of Black English",
	form_of_display = "a caricature of Black" 
-- for use in T:pronunciation spelling of. use in T:altform and T:altspell is not intended and looks bad.
}

------------- Canada -------------

labels["Canada"] = {
	aliases = {"CA", "Canadian", "Canadian English"},
	Wikipedia = "Canadian English",
	regional_categories = "Canadian",
	parent = "rawposcat:North American English,Commonwealth",
}

labels["Acadia"] = {
	region = "colonial [[Acadia]]",
	aliases = {"Acadian"},
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = "Acadian",
	parent = "Canada",
}

labels["Alberta"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Canadian Prairies",
}

labels["Atlantic Canada"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Atlantic Canadian English",
	regional_categories = "Atlantic Canadian",
	parent = "Canada",
}

labels["Baguio"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Philippines",
}

labels["British Columbia"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Canada",
}

labels["Canadian Prairies"] = {
	the = true,
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Canada",
}

labels["Labrador"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Atlantic Canada",
}

labels["Manitoba"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Canadian Prairies",
}

labels["Multicultural Toronto English"] = {
	def = "the {{w|multiethnolect|multi-ethnic dialect}} of {{catlink|Canadian English}} used in the {{w|Greater Toronto Area}}, particularly among young non-white working-class speakers",
	aliases = {"MTE"},
	display = "MTE",
	Wikipedia = true,
	plain_categories = true,
	parent = "Ontario",
}

labels["New Brunswick"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Atlantic Canadian English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Atlantic Canada",
}

labels["Newfoundland"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Newfoundland English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Atlantic Canada",
}

labels["Northwest Territories"] = {
	region = "the [[Northwest Territories]] of [[Canada]]",
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Canada",
}

labels["Northwestern Ontario"] = {
	aliases = {"northwestern Ontario", "Northwest Ontario", "northwest Ontario"},
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Ontario",
}

labels["Nova Scotia"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Atlantic Canadian English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Atlantic Canada",
}

labels["Nunavut"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Canada",
}

labels["Ontario"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Canada",
}

labels["Prince Edward Island"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Atlantic Canada",
}

labels["Quebec"] = {
	aliases = {"Québec"},
	Wikipedia = "Quebec English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Canada",
}

labels["Saskatchewan"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Canadian Prairies",
}

labels["Yukon"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Canada",
}

------------- US -------------

labels["US"] = {
	region = "the [[United States]]",
	aliases = {"U.S.", "United States", "United States of America", "USA", "US English", "U.S. English", "America", "American", "American English"},
	Wikipedia = "American English",
	regional_categories = "American",
	parent = "rawposcat:North American English",
}

labels["African-American Vernacular"] = {
	def = "the variety of [[English]] spoken, especially in urban communities, by most working-class and some middle-class [[African-American]]s",
	addl = "It is a [[sociolect]] with significantly different grammatical characteristics from {{w|Standard English}}, especially in {{w|tense-aspect}} and [[negation]] constructions. Many African-American communities maintain [[diglossia]] between African-American Vernacular English (AAVE) and Standard English.",
	aliases = {"AAVE", "African American Vernacular", "African American Vernacular English", "African-American Vernacular English", "BVE"},
	Wikipedia = "African-American Vernacular English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "African-American",
}

labels["African-American"] = {
	prep = "by",
	region = "[[African-American]]s in the [[United States]]",
	aliases = {"AA", "African-American English", "African American", "African American English", "AAE"},
	Wikipedia = "African-American English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "US",
}

labels["Alabama"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Southern US",
}

labels["Alaska"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Northwestern US",
}

labels["Appalachia"] = {
	aliases = {"Appalachian"},
	Wikipedia = "Appalachian English",
	regional_categories = "Appalachian",
	parent = "US",
}

labels["Arizona"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Southwestern US",
}

labels["Arkansas"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = "Arkansan",
	parent = "South Midland US",
}

labels["Baltimore"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Baltimore accent",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Maryland",
}

labels["Boston"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Boston accent",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Massachusetts",
}

labels["Cajun"] = {
	prep = "by",
	region = "[[Cajun]]s in {{w|Acadiana|Southern Louisiana}}",
	Wikipedia = "Cajun English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Louisiana",
}

labels["California"] = {
	Wikipedia = "California English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Western US",
}

labels["Chicago"] = {
	Wikipedia = {"Inland Northern American English", true},
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Illinois",
}

labels["Cincinnati"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Midland American English#Cincinnati",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Ohio,Kentucky",
}

labels["Colorado"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Southwestern US",
}

labels["Connecticut"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "New England",
}

labels["District of Columbia"] = {
	region = "Washington, D.C.",
	aliases = {"DC", "Washington, DC"},
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = "DC",
	parent = "Mid-Atlantic US",
}

labels["Florida"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Southern US",
}

labels["Georgia (US)"] = {
	region = "the state of [[Georgia]] in the [[United States]]",
	display = "Georgia",
	Wikipedia = "Georgia (U.S. state)",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Southern US",
}

labels["Hawaii"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = "Hawaiian",
	parent = "Western US",
}

labels["Illinois"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Midland US,Northern US",
}

labels["Indiana"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Midland US,Northern US",
}

labels["Kentucky"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "South Midland US",
}

labels["Louisiana"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Southern US",
}

labels["Maine"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Maine accent",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "New England",
}

labels["Maryland"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Mid-Atlantic US",
}

labels["Massachusetts"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "New England",
}

labels["Memphis"] = {
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Southern US",
}

labels["Michigan"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Upper Midwestern US",
}

labels["Mid-Atlantic US"] = {
	region = "the [[Mid-Atlantic]] United States",
	Wikipedia = "Mid-Atlantic American English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "US",
}

labels["Midland US"] = {
	region = "the American [[Midland]]",
	Wikipedia = "Midland American English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Midwestern US",
}

labels["Midwestern US"] = {
	region = "the [[Midwest]] of the [[United States]]",
	aliases = {"Midwest US"},
	Wikipedia = "Midwestern American English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "US",
}

labels["Mississippi"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Southern US",
}

labels["Missouri"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Midland US",
}

labels["New England"] = {
	Wikipedia = "New England English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Northeastern US",
}

labels["New Jersey"] = {
	Wikipedia = "New Jersey English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Northeastern US",
}

labels["New Mexico"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Western American English#New Mexico",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Southwestern US",
}

labels["New Orleans"] = {
	Wikipedia = "New Orleans English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Louisiana",
}

labels["New York City"] = {
	aliases = {"NYC"},
	Wikipedia = "New York City English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "New York",
}

labels["New York"] = {
	region = "the [[United States]] state of [[New York]]",
	aliases = {"NY"},
	Wikipedia = "New York English (disambiguation)",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Northeastern US",
}

labels["North Carolina"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Southern US",
}

-- can be split off if enough entries in it arise; group with Midland US for now
labels["North Midland US"] = {
	aliases = {"Northern Midland US"},
	Wikipedia = "Midland American English",
	regional_categories = "Midland US",
}

labels["Northeastern US"] = {
	region = "the {{w|Northeastern United States}}",
	aliases = {"Northeast US"},
	Wikipedia = {"Northern American English#Northeastern American English"},
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Northern US",
}

-- can be split off if enough entries in it arise; group with California for now
labels["Northern California"] = {
	Wikipedia = "California English",
	regional_categories = "California",
}

labels["Northwestern US"] = {
	region = "the {{w|Northwestern United States}}",
	aliases = {"Northwest US", "Pacific Northwest"},
	Wikipedia = {"Pacific Northwest English", "Northwestern United States"},
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Western US",
}

labels["Ohio"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Midland US,Northern US",
}

labels["Oklahoma"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "South Midland US",
}

labels["Pennsylvania Dutch English"] = {
	prep = "by",
	region = "{{w|Pennsylvania Dutch}} people in south-central [[Pennsylvania]]",
	Wikipedia = true,
	plain_categories = true,
	parent = "Pennsylvania",
}

labels["Pennsylvania"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Northeastern US",
}

-- can be split off if enough entries in it arise; group with Pennsylvania for now
labels["Philadelphia"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Philadelphia English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Pennsylvania,Mid-Atlantic US",
}

-- can be split off if enough entries in it arise; group with Western Pennsylvania for now
labels["Pittsburgh"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Western Pennsylvania English",
	regional_categories = "Western Pennsylvania",
	parent = "Pennsylvania",
}

labels["Rhode Island"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "New England",
}

labels["South Carolina"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Southern US",
}

-- can be split off if enough entries in it arise; group with Midland US for now
labels["South Midland US"] = {
	aliases = {"Southern Midland US"},
	Wikipedia = "Midland American English",
	regional_categories = "Midland US",
}

-- can be split off if enough entries in it arise; group with California for now
labels["Southern California"] = {
	Wikipedia = "California English",
	regional_categories = "California",
}

labels["Southern US"] = {
	region = "the {{w|Southern United States}}",
	aliases = {"Southern American English", "southern US", "US South"},
	Wikipedia = "Southern American English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "US",
}

labels["Southwestern US"] = {
	region = "the {{w|Southwestern United States}}",
	aliases = {"southwestern US", "Southwest US", "southwest US"},
	Wikipedia = {"Western American English", "Southwestern United States"},
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Western US",
}

labels["St. Louis"] = {
	Wikipedia = "St. Louis dialect",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Missouri,Illinois",
}

labels["Texas"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Texan English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Southern US,Southwestern US",
}

labels["Upper Midwestern US"] = {
	region = "the {{w|Upper Midwest}} of the [[United States]]",
	aliases = {"Upper Midwest US"},
	Wikipedia = {"North-Central American English", "Upper Midwest"},
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Midwestern US,Northern US",
}

labels["Vermont"] = {
	Wikipedia = {"New England English", "Vermont"},
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "New England",
}

labels["Virginia"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Southern US",
}

labels["Western Pennsylvania"] = {
	aliases = {"Western Pennsylvania English"},
	Wikipedia = "Western Pennsylvania English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Pennsylvania",
}

labels["Western US"] = {
	region = "the {{w|Western United States}}",
	aliases = {"western US"},
	Wikipedia = {"Western American English", "Western United States"},
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "US",
}

labels["Wisconsin"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Upper Midwestern US",
}

------------------------------------ Australia and New Zealand ------------------------------------

labels["Australian Aboriginal"] = {
	prep = "by",
	region = "[[Aboriginal]] people in [[Australia]]",
	aliases = {"Australian Aboriginal English", "Australian aboriginal"},
	Wikipedia = "Australian Aboriginal English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Australia",
}

labels["Australia"] = {
	aliases = {"Australian", "AU", "AuE", "Aus", "AusE", "General Australian"},
	Wikipedia = "Australian English",
 	accent_Wikipedia = "Australian English phonology",
 	accent_display = "General Australian",
	regional_categories = "Australian",
	parent = "Oceania,Commonwealth",
}

labels["Canberra"] = {
	region = "the [[Australian Capital Territory]] ([[Canberra]])",
	Wikipedia = {"Variation in Australian English#Regional variation", true},
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Australia",
}

labels["New South Wales"] = {
	aliases = {"NSW"},
	Wikipedia = {"Variation in Australian English#Regional variation", true},
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Australia",
}

labels["New Zealand"] = {
	aliases = {"NZ"},
	Wikipedia = "New Zealand English",
	accent_Wikipedia = "New Zealand English phonology",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Oceania,Commonwealth",
}

labels["Northern Territory"] = {
	aliases = {"NT"},
	Wikipedia = {"Variation in Australian English#Regional variation", true},
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Australia",
}

labels["Northern US"] = {
	region = "the {{w|Northern United States}}",
	aliases = {"Northern American English", "northern US", "US North"},
	Wikipedia = "Northern American English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "US",
}

labels["Queensland"] = {
	Wikipedia = {"Variation in Australian English#Regional variation", true},
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Australia",
}

labels["South Australia"] = {
	Wikipedia = "South Australian English",
	regional_categories = "South Australian",
	parent = "Australia",
}

labels["Tasmania"] = {
	Wikipedia = {"Variation in Australian English#Regional variation", true},
	regional_categories = "Tasmanian",
	parent = "Australia",
}

labels["Victoria"] = {
	Wikipedia = {"Variation in Australian English#Regional variation", "Victoria (state)"},
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Australia",
}

labels["Western Australia"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Western Australian English",
	regional_categories = "Western Australian",
	parent = "Australia",
}

------------------------------------ Ireland ------------------------------------

labels["Cork"] = {
	Wikipedia = {"South-West Irish English", "Cork (city)"},
	regional_categories = "Munster",
}

labels["Dublin"] = {
	Wikipedia = {"Dublin English", "Dublin", "DE"},
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Ireland",
}

labels["Ireland"] = {
	aliases = {"Irish", "IE"},
	Wikipedia = "Hiberno-English",
	regional_categories = "Irish",
	parent = "Europe",
}

labels["Munster"] = {
	Wikipedia = {"South-West Irish English", "Munster"},
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Ireland",
}

------------------------------------ United Kingdom ------------------------------------

labels["British"] = {
	region = "Great Britain",
	addl = "Not to be confused with [[:Category:British English forms|British spellings]], a spelling system used in some English-speaking countries of the world.",
	aliases = {"Britain", "Great Britain"},
	Wikipedia = "British English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Europe,Commonwealth",
	country = "the United Kingdom",
}

labels["UK"] = {
	aliases = {"United Kingdom"},
	Wikipedia = "British English",
	regional_categories = "British",
}

labels["Antrim"] = {
	Wikipedia = "County Antrim",
	regional_categories = "Northern Irish",
}

labels["Bedfordshire"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Bedfordshire dialect",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Southern England",
}

labels["Berkshire"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Southern England",
}

labels["Birmingham"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Brummie dialect",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "West Midlands",
}

labels["Bristol"] = {
	region = "[[Bristol]], [[England]]",
	aliases = {"Bristolian"},
	Wikipedia = "Bristolian dialect",
	regional_categories = "Bristolian",
	parent = "West Country",
}

labels["Caithness"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Scotland",
}

labels["Cambridge University"] = {
	prep = "at",
	region = "{{w|Cambridge University}} in [[Cambridge]]",
	aliases = {"University of Cambridge", "Cantab"},
	Wikipedia = "University of Cambridge",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "East Anglia",
	othercat = "en:Universities",
}

labels["Channel Islands"] = {
	the = true,
	Wikipedia = "Channel Island English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Europe,Commonwealth",
}

labels["Cockney"] = {
	prep = "by",
	region = "working-class [[Londoner]]s, especially in the [[East End]]",
	Wikipedia = "Cockney#Speech",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "London",
}

labels["Cornwall"] = {
	aliases = {"Cornish"},
	Wikipedia = "Cornish dialect",
	regional_categories = "Cornish",
	parent = "West Country",
}

labels["Cumbria"] = {
	aliases = {"Cumbrian"},
	Wikipedia = "Cumbrian dialect",
	regional_categories = "Cumbrian",
	parent = "Northern England",
}

labels["Derbyshire"] = {
	region = "[[Derbyshire]], which is geographically in the East Midlands but whose dialect is sometimes classified as West Midlands",
	Wikipedia = "Derbyshire dialect",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "East Midlands,West Midlands",
}

labels["Devon"] = {
	aliases = {"Devonshire"},
	Wikipedia = {"West Country English", true},
	regional_categories = "Devonian",
	parent = "West Country",
}

labels["Dorset"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Dorset dialect",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "West Country",
}

labels["Dundee"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Scotland",
}

labels["Durham University"] = {
	prep = "at",
	region = "{{w|Durham University}} in [[Durham]]",
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Durham",
	othercat = "en:Universities",
}

labels["Durham"] = {
	Wikipedia = {"Pitmatic", "County Durham"},
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Northumbria",
}

labels["East Anglia"] = {
	Wikipedia = "East Anglian English",
	regional_categories = "East Anglian",
	parent = "England",
}

labels["East Midlands"] = {
	region = "the [[East Midlands]] of [[England]]",
	Wikipedia = "East Midlands English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Midlands",
}

labels["England"] = {
	aliases = {"English"},
	Wikipedia = "English language in England",
	regional_categories = "English",
	parent = "British",
}

labels["England and Wales"] = {
	aliases = {"E&W"},
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = {"English", "Welsh"},
}

labels["Essex"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Essex dialect",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Southern England",
}

labels["Exmoor"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = {"Devonian", "Somerset"},
}

labels["Geordie"] = {
	region = "Tyneside",
	aliases = {"Tyneside"},
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Northumbria",
}

labels["Gloucestershire"] = {
	Wikipedia = {"West Country English", true},
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "West Country",
}

labels["Guernsey"] = {
	prep = "on",
	Wikipedia = "Channel Island English#Guernsey English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Channel Islands",
}

labels["Hartlepool"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Smoggie",
	regional_categories = "Teesside",
}

labels["Herefordshire"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "West Country",
}

labels["Isle of Man"] = {
	prep = "on",
	the = true,
	aliases = {"Manx"},
	Wikipedia = "Manx English",
	regional_categories = "Manx",
	parent = "British",
}

labels["Isle of Wight"] = {
	prep = "on",
	the = true,
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Southern England",
}

labels["Jersey"] = {
	prep = "on",
	Wikipedia = "Channel Island English#Jersey English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Channel Islands",
}

labels["Kent"] = {
	aliases = {"Kentish"},
	Wikipedia = "Kentish dialect",
	regional_categories = "Kentish",
	parent = "Southern England",
}

labels["Lancashire"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Lancashire dialect",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Northern England",
}

labels["Lewis"] = {
	prep = "on",
	region = "the [[Isle of Lewis]]",
	aliases = {"Isle of Lewis"},
	Wikipedia = "Isle of Lewis",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Scotland",
}

labels["Lincolnshire"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Lincolnshire dialect",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "East Midlands",
}

labels["Liverpool"] = {
	region = "the {{w|Liverpool City Region}}, comprising the [[metropolitan county]] of [[Merseyside]] and the [[Cheshire]] [[unitary authority]] of [[Halton]]",
	aliases = {"Scouse"},
	Wikipedia = "Scouse",
	regional_categories = "Liverpudlian",
	parent = "Northern England",
}

labels["London"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Estuary English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Southern England",
}

labels["Manchester"] = {
	aliases = {"Mancunian"},
	Wikipedia = "Manchester dialect",
	regional_categories = "Mancunian",
	parent = "Northern England",
}

labels["Mid-Ulster"] = {
	region = "central [[Ulster]]",
	aliases = {"Mid-Ulster English"},
	Wikipedia = "Mid-Ulster English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Ulster,Northern Ireland",
}

labels["Midlands"] = {
	region = "the [[Midlands]] of [[England]]",
	aliases = {"English Midlands", "South Midlands"},
	Wikipedia = "Midlands English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "England",
}

labels["Multicultural London English"] = {
	prep = "by",
	region = "young, working-class people in multicultural parts of [[London]]",
	aliases = {"MLE"},
	display = "MLE",
	Wikipedia = true,
	plain_categories = true,
	parent = "London",
}

labels["Norfolk"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Norfolk dialect",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "East Anglia",
}

labels["North Wales"] = {
	Wikipedia = {"Welsh English", true},
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Wales",
}

labels["Northern England"] = {
	aliases = {"northern England", "North England", "north England"},
	Wikipedia = "English language in Northern England",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "England",
}

labels["Northern Ireland"] = {
	aliases = {"Northern Irish", "NI"},
	Wikipedia = "Ulster English",
	regional_categories = "Northern Irish",
	parent = "Ulster",
}

labels["Northern Isles"] = {
	display = "[[w:Orkney|Orkney]], [[w:Shetland|Shetland]]",
	regional_categories = {"Orkney", "Shetland"},
}

labels["Northumbria"] = {
	aliases = {"Northumbrian", "Northeast England", "North-East England", "North East England"},
	Wikipedia = {"Northumbrian dialect", "Northumbria (modern)"},
	regional_categories = "Northumbrian",
	parent = "Northern England",
}

labels["Nottinghamshire"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Nottinghamshire dialect",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "East Midlands",
}

labels["Orkney"] = {
	prep = "on",
	aliases = {"Orcadian"},
	Wikipedia = {true, "Highland English"},
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Scotland",
}

labels["Oxbridge"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = {"Cambridge University", "Oxford University"},
}

labels["Oxford City"] = {
	region = "the city of [[Oxford]] in [[England]]",
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = "Oxford",
	parent = "Oxfordshire",
}

labels["Oxford University"] = {
	prep = "at",
	aliases = {"University of Oxford", "Oxon"},
	Wikipedia = "University of Oxford",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Oxford City",
	othercat = "en:Universities",
}

labels["Oxfordshire"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Southern England",
}

labels["Potteries"] = {
	region = "Stoke-on-Trent",
	Wikipedia = "Potteries dialect",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "West Midlands",
}

labels["Scotland"] = {
	aliases = {"Scottish", "Scottish English"},
	Wikipedia = "Scottish English",
	regional_categories = "Scottish",
	parent = "British",
}

labels["Shetland"] = {
	region = "the [[Shetland Islands]]",
	aliases = {"Shetland Islands", "Shetlands"},
	Wikipedia = {true, "Highland English"},
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Scotland",
}

labels["Shropshire"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "West Midlands",
}

labels["Somerset"] = {
	Wikipedia = {"West Country English", true},
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "West Country",
}

-- eventually maybe break this out into its own category
labels["South Midlands"] = {
	Wikipedia = {"Midlands English", "South Midlands"},
	regional_categories = "Midlands",
}

labels["South Wales"] = {
	Wikipedia = {"Welsh English", true},
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Wales",
}

labels["Southern England"] = {
	aliases = {"southern England", "South England", "south England", "Southern English"},
	Wikipedia = "English in southern England",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "England",
}

labels["Suffolk"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Suffolk dialect",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "East Anglia",
}

labels["Sussex"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Sussex dialect",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Southern England",
}

labels["Teesside"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Smoggie",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Northumbria",
}

-- Tyneside: see Geordie

labels["Ulster"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Ulster English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Ireland",
}

labels["Wales"] = {
	aliases = {"Welsh"},
	Wikipedia = "Welsh English",
	regional_categories = "Welsh",
	parent = "British",
}

labels["Wearside"] = {
	Wikipedia = {"Mackem", true},
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Northumbria",
}

labels["West Country"] = {
	the = true,
	aliases = {"West England", "west England"},
	Wikipedia = "West Country English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "England",
}

-- can be split off if enough entries in it arise; group with Cumbria for now
labels["West Cumbria"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Cumbrian dialect",
	regional_categories = "Cumbrian",
}

labels["West Midlands"] = {
	region = "the [[West Midlands]] of [[England]]",
	Wikipedia = "West Midlands English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Midlands",
}

labels["Wiltshire"] = {
	Wikipedia = {"West Country English", true},
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "West Country",
}

labels["Yorkshire"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Yorkshire dialect",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Northern England",
}

------------------------------------ World ------------------------------------

labels["Afghanistan"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = "Afghan",
	parent = "South Asia",
}

labels["Africa"] = {
	aliases = {"African"},
	Wikipedia = "African English",
	regional_categories = "African",
	parent = true,
}

labels["Antarctica"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Antarctic English",
	regional_categories = "Antarctic",
	parent = true,
}

labels["Asia"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Asian English",
	regional_categories = "Asian",
	parent = true,
}

labels["Bahamas"] = {
	the = true,
	Wikipedia = "Bahamian English",
	regional_categories = "Bahaman",
	parent = "Caribbean",
}

labels["Bangladesh"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Bangladeshi English",
	regional_categories = "Bangladeshi",
	parent = "South Asia,Commonwealth",
}

labels["Barbados"] = {
	Wikipedia = "English in Barbados",
	regional_categories = "Barbadian",
	parent = "Caribbean",
}

labels["Belize"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Belizean English",
	regional_categories = "Belizean",
	parent = "Caribbean,Central America",
}

labels["Benglish"] = {
	def = "[[Benglish]], an English-based [[creole]] incorporating many [[Bengali]] words; used informally in [[Bangladesh]] and [[West Bengal]]",
	aliases = {"Banglish"},
	Wikipedia = true,
	plain_categories = true,
	parent = "Bangladesh,West Bengal",
}

labels["Bermuda"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Bermudian English",
	regional_categories = "Bermudian",
	parent = "Caribbean,rawposcat:North American English,British",
}

labels["Botswana"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Botswana English",
	regional_categories = "Botswanan",
	parent = "Africa",
}

labels["British India"] = {
	fulldef = "Anglo-Indian terms or senses in English as used formerly by Britishers in {{w|British India}}",
	Wikipedia = "British Indian English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "South Asia,British",
	othercat = "English terms with historical senses",
}

labels["British Pakistani"] = {
	prep = "by",
	region = "{{w|British Pakistanis}}, i.e. [[British]] citizens of [[Pakistani]] origin",
	Wikipedia = "British Pakistanis",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "South Asia,British",
}

labels["Brunei"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Brunei English",
	regional_categories = "Bruneian",
	parent = "Southeast Asia",
}

labels["Cameroon"] = {
	aliases = {"CM", "Cameroonian", "Cameroonian English", "en-CM"},
	Wikipedia = "Cameroonian English",
	regional_categories = "Cameroonian",
	parent = "Africa",
}

labels["Caribbean"] = {
	the = true,
	aliases = {"West Indies"},
	Wikipedia = "Caribbean English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = true,
}

labels["Cebu"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Philippines",
}

labels["Central America"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = "Central American",
	parent = "rawposcat:North American English",
}

labels["Ceylon"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = "Sri Lankan",
}

labels["China"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = "Chinese",
	parent = "East Asia",
}

labels["Chinese Filipino"] = {
	verb = "used",
	prep = "by",
	region = "Chinese Filipinos",
	aliases = {"Chinese-Filipino"}, -- Sociolect subset to Philippine English
	-- may also see "Hokaglish" in Wikipedia, although Hokaglish is the codeswitching form with a Hokkien or Tagalog base, just like Philippine English to "Conyo" (English-based) and "Taglish" (Tagalog-based), whereas this is the English variant itself subset to Philippine English.
	Wikipedia = "Chinese Filipino#Language",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Philippines",
}

labels["Chinglish"] = {
	def = "[[English]] that has been influenced by [[Chinese]]",
	Wikipedia = true,
	plain_categories = true,
	parent = "China",
}

labels["Commonwealth"] = {
	region = "the [[Commonwealth of Nations]]",
	Wikipedia = "English in the Commonwealth of Nations",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = true,
}

labels["Cuba"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = "Cuban",
	parent = "Caribbean",
}

labels["East Africa"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = "East African",
	parent = "Africa",
}

labels["East Asia"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = "East Asian",
	parent = "Asia",
}

labels["Egypt"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = "Egyptian",
	parent = "Africa,Middle East",
}

labels["Europe"] = {
	aliases = {"European"},
	Wikipedia = "English language in Europe",
	regional_categories = "European",
	parent = true,
}

labels["Fiji"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Fijian English",
	regional_categories = "Fijian",
	parent = "Oceania,Commonwealth",
}

labels["Ghana"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Ghanaian English",
	regional_categories = "Ghanaian",
	parent = "West Africa",
}

labels["Guyana"] = {
	Wikipedia = {"Guyanese English", "Guyana"},
	regional_categories = "Guyanese",
	parent = "Caribbean,South America",
}

labels["Hinglish"] = {
	def = "[[Hinglish]], an English-based [[creole]] incorporating many [[Hindi]] words; used informally in [[India]]",
	Wikipedia = true,
	plain_categories = true,
	parent = "India",
}

labels["Hong Kong"] = {
	aliases = {"HK"},
	Wikipedia = "Hong Kong English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "China",
}

labels["Hungary"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = "Hungarian",
	parent = "Europe",
}

labels["India"] = {
	aliases = {"Indian", "Indian English", "InE"},
	Wikipedia = "Indian English",
	regional_categories = "Indian",
	parent = "South Asia,Commonwealth",
}

labels["Indonesia"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Indonesian English",
	regional_categories = "Indonesian",
	parent = "Southeast Asia",
}

labels["Israel"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Israeli English",
	regional_categories = "Israeli",
	parent = "Middle East",
}

labels["Japan"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = "Japanese",
	parent = "East Asia",
}

labels["Jamaica"] = {
	aliases = {"Jamaican English", "Jamaican"},
	Wikipedia = "Jamaican English",
	regional_categories = "Jamaican",
	parent = "Caribbean,Commonwealth",
}

labels["Kenya"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Kenyan English",
	regional_categories = "Kenyan",
	parent = "East Africa",
}

labels["Liberia"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Liberian English",
	regional_categories = "Liberian",
	parent = "West Africa",
}

labels["Libya"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = "Libyan",
	parent = "Africa",
}

labels["Macau"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = "Macanese",
	parent = "China",
}

labels["Mainland China"] = {
	aliases = {"Mainland", "mainland", "mainland China"},
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "China",
}

labels["Malaysia"] = {
	aliases = {"Malaysian"},
	Wikipedia = "Malaysian English",
	regional_categories = "Malaysian",
	parent = "Southeast Asia,Commonwealth",
}

labels["Malta"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Maltese English",
	regional_categories = "Maltese",
	parent = "Europe",
}

labels["Manglish"] = {
	def = "[[Manglish]], an English-based [[creole]] incorporating [[Malay]], [[Chinese]], and [[Tamil]] words; used informally in [[Malaysia]]",
	Wikipedia = true,
	plain_categories = true,
	parent = "Malaysia",
}

labels["Mexico"] = {
	Wikipedia = {"Mexican English", "Mexico"},
	regional_categories = "Mexican",
	parent = "rawposcat:North American English",
}

labels["Middle East"] = {
	the = true,
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = "Middle Eastern",
	parent = true,
}

labels["Myanmar"] = {
	aliases = {"Burma"},
	Wikipedia = "Myanmar English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Southeast Asia",
}

labels["Namibia"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Namibian English",
	regional_categories = "Namibian",
	parent = "Africa",
}

labels["Natal"] = {
	Wikipedia = "KwaZulu-Natal",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "South Africa",
}

labels["Nepal"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Nepalese English",
	regional_categories = "Nepali",
	parent = "South Asia,Commonwealth",
}

labels["Nigeria"] = {
	aliases = {"Nigerian"},
	Wikipedia = "Nigerian English",
	regional_categories = "Nigerian",
	parent = "West Africa",
}

labels["North India"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = "North Indian",
	parent = "India",
}

labels["Oceania"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Oceanian English",
	regional_categories = "Oceanian",
	parent = true,
}

labels["Pakistan"] = {
	aliases = {"Pakistani"},
	Wikipedia = "Pakistani English",
	regional_categories = "Pakistani",
	parent = "South Asia,Commonwealth",
}

labels["Palestine"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = "Palestinian",
	parent = "Middle East",
}

labels["Papua New Guinea"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Papua New Guinean English",
	regional_categories = "Papua New Guinean",
	parent = "Oceania,Commonwealth",
}

labels["Philippines"] = {
	the = true,
	aliases = {"Philippine", "Philippine English"},
	Wikipedia = "Philippine English",
	regional_categories = "Philippine",
	parent = "Southeast Asia",
}

labels["Réunion"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Africa",
}

labels["Rhodesia"] = {
	region = "the historical state of [[Rhodesia]]",
	Wikipedia = "Zimbabwean English",
	regional_categories = "Rhodesian",
	parent = "Africa",
}

labels["Rwanda"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = "Rwandan",
	parent = "Africa",
}

labels["Singapore"] = {
	aliases = {"SG", "Singaporean"},
	Wikipedia = "Singapore English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Southeast Asia,Commonwealth",
}

labels["Singlish"] = {
	def = "[[Singlish]], an English-based [[creole]] incorporating many words of [[Chinese]], [[Malay]] and [[Indian]] origin; used informally in [[Singapore]]",
	Wikipedia = true,
	plain_categories = true,
	parent = "Singapore",
}

labels["Solomon Islands"] = {
	the = true,
	Wikipedia = "Solomon Islands English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Oceania",
}

labels["South Africa"] = {
	aliases = {"South African", "South African English", "ZA"},
	Wikipedia = "South African English",
	accent_Wikipedia = "South African English phonology",
	accent_display = "General South African",
	regional_categories = "South African",
	parent = "Africa,Commonwealth",
}

labels["South America"] = {
	Wikipedia = "South American English",
	regional_categories = "South American",
	parent = true,
}

labels["South Asia"] = {
	Wikipedia = "South Asian English",
	regional_categories = "South Asian",
	parent = "Asia",
}

labels["South India"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = "South Indian",
	parent = "India",
}

labels["South Korea"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Korean English",
	regional_categories = "South Korean",
	parent = "East Asia",
}

labels["Southeast Asia"] = {
	aliases = {"Southeast Asian"},
	Wikipedia = "Southeast Asian English",
	regional_categories = "Southeast Asian",
	parent = "Asia",
}

labels["Sri Lanka"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Sri Lankan English",
	regional_categories = "Sri Lankan",
	parent = "South Asia,Commonwealth",
}

labels["Taiwan"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = "Taiwanese",
	parent = "East Asia",
}

labels["Tanzania"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = "Tanzanian",
	parent = "East Africa",
}

labels["Thailand"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Tinglish",
	regional_categories = "Thai",
	parent = "Southeast Asia",
}

labels["Trinidad and Tobago"] = {
	aliases = {"Trinidad", "Tobago", "Trinidadian"},
	Wikipedia = "Trinidadian and Tobagonian English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Caribbean",
}

labels["Uganda"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Ugandan English",
	regional_categories = "Ugandan",
	parent = "Africa",
}

labels["Vanuatu"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Languages of Vanuatu#English and French",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Oceania",
}

labels["Vietnam"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Vietglish",
	regional_categories = "Vietnamese",
	parent = "Southeast Asia",
}

labels["West Africa"] = {
	aliases = {"West African"},
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = "West African",
	parent = "Africa",
}

labels["West Bengal"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "India",
}

labels["Zimbabwe"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Zimbabwean English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = "Africa",
}

------------------------------------ non-regional ------------------------------------

labels["Early Modern"] = {
	prep = "from",
	region = "the late 15th to the mid-17th centuries",
	noreg = true,
	nolink = true,
	aliases = {"Early Modern English", "EME"},
	Wikipedia = "Early Modern English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = true,
}

labels["Late Modern"] = {
	prep = "from",
	region = "the mid-17th to the end of the 19th centuries",
	noreg = true,
	nolink = true,
	aliases = {"Late Modern English", "LME"},
	Wikipedia = "Late Modern English",
	regional_categories = true,
	parent = true,
}

labels["Polari"] = {
	def = "a form of cant slang used in [[Britain]] by some actors, circus and fairground showmen, professional wrestlers, merchant navy sailors, criminals, prostitutes, and the gay subculture",
	noreg = true,
	country = "the United Kingdom",
	Wikipedia = true,
	plain_categories = true,
	othercat = "British slang,English cant,English gay slang",
	parent = true,
}

-- Thieves' Cant is English-only, for other languages, use "criminal slang"
labels["thieves' cant"] = {
	fulldef = "A secret language formerly used by thieves, beggars and hustlers of various kinds in [[Great Britain]] and to a lesser extent in other English-speaking countries.",
	noreg = true,
	aliases = {"Thieves' Cant", "Thieves' cant", "thieves cant", "thieves'", "thieves"},
	Wikipedia = true,
	-- FIXME: Currently pos_categories aren't recognized.
	-- pos_categories = "Thieves' Cant",
	plain_categories = "English Thieves' Cant",
	parent = true,
	othercat = "English cant",
}

------------------------------------ English-specific qualifier labels ------------------------------------

labels["attributive"] = {
	display = "[[Appendix:English nouns#Attributive|attributive]]",
}

labels["attributively"] = {
	display = "[[Appendix:English nouns#Attributive|attributively]]",
}

------------------------------------ supporting [[Template:standard spelling of]] et al. ------------------------------------

labels["American spelling"] = {
	aliases = {"American form", "US spelling", "US form"},
	form_of_display = "US",
	Wikipedia = "American and British English spelling differences",
	plain_categories = "American English forms",
}

labels["ise-form"] = {
	display = "non-[[w:Oxford spelling|Oxford]] [[w:American and British English spelling differences|British]] spelling",
	form_of_display = "non-[[w:Oxford spelling|Oxford]] [[w:American and British English spelling differences|British]]",
	plain_categories = "British English forms",
}

labels["ize-form"] = {
	display = "[[w:American and British English spelling differences|American]] and [[w:Oxford spelling|Oxford]] [[British English|British]] spelling",
	form_of_display = "[[w:American and British English spelling differences|American]] and [[w:Oxford spelling|Oxford]] [[British English|British]]",
	plain_categories = {"American English forms", "Oxford spellings"},
}

labels["Canadian spelling"] = {
	aliases = {"Canadian form"},
	Wikipedia = true,
	plain_categories = "Canadian English forms",
}

labels["British spelling"] = {
	aliases = {"British form", "Commonwealth spelling", "Commonwealth form", "UK spelling", "UK form"},
	Wikipedia = "American and British English spelling differences",
	plain_categories = "British English forms",
}

labels["Australian spelling"] = {
	aliases = {"Australian form"},
	display = "Australian spelling",
	Wikipedia = "Australian English#Spelling and style",
	plain_categories = "Australian English forms",
}

labels["non-Oxford British spelling"] = {
	aliases = {"Non-Oxford British spelling", "non-Oxford", "Non-Oxford", "not Oxford", "Not Oxford"},
	display = "non-[[w:Oxford spelling|Oxford]] [[British English]]",
	plain_categories = "British English forms",
}

labels["Oxford British spelling"] = {
	aliases = {"Oxford", "en-GB-oxendict"},
	display = "[[w:Oxford spelling|Oxford]] [[British English]]",
	plain_categories = "Oxford spellings",
}

------------------------------------ supporting [[Template:inflection of]] ------------------------------------

-- This is added to an inflection line when something like {{infl of|en|make||th-form}} is used. Specifically, the form-of
-- tag 'th-form' is a shortcut for '3-th|s|spres|ind' (see [[Module:form of/lang-data/en]]); the tag '3-th' displays as
-- "third-person" (see [[Module:form of/lang-data/en]]) and attaches the following label (see [[Module:form of/cats]]).
labels["archaic third singular"] = {
	display = "archaic",
	Wikipedia = "English verbs#Archaic forms",
	pos_categories = "archaic third-person singular forms",
}

-- This is added to an inflection line when something like {{infl of|en|make||st-form}} is used. See above.
labels["archaic second singular present"] = {
	display = "archaic",
	Wikipedia = "English verbs#Archaic forms",
	pos_categories = "second-person singular forms",
}

-- This is added to an inflection line when something like {{infl of|en|make||st-past-form}} is used. See above.
labels["archaic second singular past"] = {
	display = "archaic",
	Wikipedia = "English verbs#Archaic forms",
	pos_categories = "second-person singular past tense forms",
}

------------------------------------ accent qualifiers ------------------------------------

-- Generate the inverse of a sound change. In general, we should do this for sound changes that are either
-- extremely common (e.g. 'cot-caught') or dominant ('horse-hoarse', 'wine-whine') or are at least locally
-- dominant (e.g. 'cheer-chair'). The idea is that when presenting the pronunciation of an area with a locally
-- dominant pronunciation, we may want to also present the alternative pronunciation lacking the change, as long
-- as it is found at least somewhere in the area. Hence, for New Zealand, which typically has the cheer-chair
-- merger, we might might to present the non-merger pronunciation as well; but for a change like card-cord that
-- is recessive everywhere, it's unlikely we'll need to specifically highlight the inverse pronunciation (which
-- would be the standard, already covered elsewhere), and we can save memory and time by omitting the label.
local function generate_non(key, display)
	if not labels[key] then
		error(("Internal error: No label definition for key '%s'"):format(key))
	end
	local labval = mw.clone(labels[key])
	labels["non-" .. key] = labval
	if labval.aliases then
		for i, alias in ipairs(labval.aliases) do
			labval.aliases[i] = "non-" .. alias
		end
	end
	if not display then
		display = labval.display or key
		if display:find("ing$") or display:find("[st]ion$") then
			-- e.g. "Canadian raising", "t-glottalization"
			display = "without " .. display
		else
			-- e.g. "cot-caught merger"
			display = "without the " .. display
		end
	end
	labval.display = display
end
	
labels["Anglicised"] = {
	aliases = {"Anglicized"},
	Wikipedia = "Anglicisation#Anglicisation of non-English-language vocabulary and names",
}

labels["Canadian raising"] = {
	aliases = {"North American raising"},
	Wikipedia = true,
}
generate_non("Canadian raising")

labels["Canadian Shift"] = {
	aliases = {"Canadian Vowel Shift", "Canadian shift", "Canadian vowel shift"},
	Wikipedia = true,
	display = "Canadian Vowel Shift",
}
generate_non("Canadian Shift")

labels["card-cord"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Card-cord merger",
	display = "''card''–''cord'' merger",
}

labels["cheer-chair"] = {
	aliases = {"near-square"},
	Wikipedia = "near-square merger",
	display = "''cheer''–''chair'' merger",
}
generate_non("cheer-chair")

labels["cot-caught"] = {
	aliases = {"caught-cot"},
	Wikipedia = "Cot–caught merger",
	display = "''cot''–''caught'' merger",
}
generate_non("cot-caught")

labels["cure-fir"] = {
	aliases = {"cure-nurse"},
	Wikipedia = "Cure-nurse merger",
	display = "''cure''–''fir'' merger",
}
generate_non("cure-fir")

labels["dough-door"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Dough-door merger",
	display = "''dough''–''door'' merger",
}
generate_non("dough-door")

labels["Estuary English"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
}

labels["fair-fur"] = {
	aliases = {"square-nurse"},
	Wikipedia = "Square-nurse merger",
	display = "''fair''–''fur'' merger",
}
generate_non("fair-fur")

labels["father-bother"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Father–bother merger",
	display = "''father''-''bother'' merger",
}
generate_non("father-bother")

labels["fern-fir-fur"] = {
	aliases = {"nurse merger"},
	Wikipedia = "Fern-fir-fur merger",
	display = "''fern''–''fir''–''fur'' merger",
}
generate_non("fern-fir-fur")

labels["flapping"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
}
generate_non("flapping")

labels["foot-goose"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Foot-goose merger",
	display = "''foot''-''goose'' merger",
}

-- Most labels of the form 'foo-bar' are mergers. Since this is rather a split, include the word "split"
-- for clarity.
labels["foot-strut split"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Phonological history of English close back vowels#FOOT–STRUT split",
	display = "''foot''-''strut'' split",
}
generate_non("foot-strut split")

labels["g-dropping"] = {
	aliases = {"g dropping"},
	Wikipedia = "G-dropping",
	display = "''g''-dropping",
}
generate_non("g-dropping")

labels["General American"] = {
	aliases = {"GenAm", "GA"},
	Wikipedia = "General American English",
}

labels["glottalized"] = {
	aliases = {"glottalization", "glottalised", "glottalisation"},
	Wikipedia = "Phonological_history_of_English_consonant_clusters#Glottalization",
}

labels["goose split"] = {
	-- Phonemic split in some Southeastern England English variants.
	Wikipedia = "English-language_vowel_changes_before_historic_/l/#Goose_split",
	display = "''goose'' split",
}

labels["gulf-golf"] = {
	Wikipedia = "English-language vowel changes before historic /l/#Gulf-golf merger",
	display = "''gulf''-''golf'' merger",
}

labels["h-dropping"] = {
	Wikipedia = "H-dropping",
	display = "''h''-dropping",
}
generate_non("h-dropping")

labels["happy-tensing"] = {
	aliases = {"happy tensing"},
	Wikipedia = "Happy tensing",
	display = "''happy''-tensing",
}
generate_non("happy-tensing")

labels["horse-hoarse"] = {
	Wikipedia = "horse–hoarse merger",
	display = "''horse''–''hoarse'' merger",
}
generate_non("horse-hoarse")

labels["hurry-furry"] = {
	Wikipedia = "hurry-furry merger",
	display = "''hurry''–''furry'' merger",
}
generate_non("hurry-furry")

labels["Inland Northern US"] = {
	aliases = {"Great Lakes", "Inland Northern", "Inland North", "Inland Northern American", "Inland Northern American English", "Inland Northern English", "Northern Cities Vowel Shift", "US Inland North", "northern cities vowel shift"},
	Wikipedia = "Inland Northern American English",
	display = "Inland Northern American",
}

labels["intrusive r"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Intrusive r",
	display = "intrusive ''r''",
}
generate_non("intrusive r", "without intrusive ''r''")

labels["l-vocalization"] = {
	aliases = {"l-vocalisation"},
	Wikipedia = "L-vocalization#Modern English",
	display = "''l''-vocalization",
}
generate_non("l-vocalization")

labels["Latinate"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Latin#Phonology",
}

labels["lot-cloth split"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	display = "''lot''–''cloth'' split",
}
generate_non("lot-cloth split")

labels["Mary-marry-merry"] = {
	aliases = {"Mmmm"},
	Wikipedia = "Mary–marry–merry merger",
	display = "''Mary''–''marry''–''merry'' merger",
}
generate_non("Mary-marry-merry")
table.insert(labels["non-Mary-marry-merry"].aliases, "nMmmm")

labels["nt-flapping"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Flapping#Distribution",
	display = "''nt''-flapping",
}
generate_non("nt-flapping")

labels["paw-poor"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Paw–pour merger",
	display = "''paw''–''poor'' merger",
}

labels["pin-pen"] = {
	aliases = {"pen-pin"},
	Wikipedia = "pin–pen merger",
	display = "''pin''–''pen'' merger",
}

labels["pour-poor"] = {
	aliases = {"poor-pour", "cure-force"},
	Wikipedia = "Cure–force merger",
	display = "''pour''–''poor'' merger",
}

generate_non("pour-poor")

labels["r-dissimilation"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Dissimilation",
	display = "''r''-dissimilation",
}

labels["rhotic"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Rhoticity in English",
}

labels["non-rhotic"] = {
	aliases = {"nonrhotic"},
	Wikipedia = "Rhoticity in English",
}

labels["Received Pronunciation"] = {
	aliases = {"RP"},
	Wikipedia = true,
}

labels["show-sure"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Show-sure merger",
	display = "''show''–''sure'' merger",
}

labels["Standard Southern British English"] = {
	aliases = {"SSB", "SSBE", "Standard Southern British"},
	Wikipedia = "Standard Southern British",
	display = "Standard Southern British",
}

labels["stressed"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Stress and vowel reduction in English#Weak and strong forms of function words",
	display = "stressed form",
}

labels["t-glottalization"] = {
	aliases = {"t-glottaling", "t-glottalisation"},
	Wikipedia = "T-glottalization",
	display = "''t''-glottalization",
}
generate_non("t-glottalization")

labels["th-fronting"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	display = "''th''-fronting",
}

labels["th-stopping"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	display = "''th''-stopping",
}

labels["trap-bath split"] = {
	Wikipedia = true,
	display = "''trap''–''bath'' split",
}
generate_non("trap-bath split")

labels["unstressed"] = {
	Wikipedia = "Stress and vowel reduction in English#Weak and strong forms of function words",
	display = "unstressed form",
}

labels["weak vowel"] = {
	aliases = {"weak vowel merger"},
	Wikipedia = "Weak vowel merger",
	display = "weak vowel merger",
}
generate_non("weak vowel", "weak vowel distinction")

labels["wine-whine"] = {
	Wikipedia = "wine–whine merger",
	display = "''wine''–''whine'' merger",
}
generate_non("wine-whine")

labels["yod-coalescence"] = {
	aliases = {"yod coalescence"},
	Wikipedia = true,
}

labels["yod-dropping"] = {
	aliases = {"yod dropping"},
	Wikipedia = true,
}

labels["æ-tensing"] = {
	aliases = {"ae-tensing"},
	Wikipedia = true,
}
generate_non("æ-tensing")

return require("Module:labels").finalize_data(labels)
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Module:labels/data/lang/en&oldid=81740954"