牌

牌 U+724C, 牌 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-724C ← 牋 [U+724B] CJK Unified Ideographs 牍 → [U+724D]

Translingual

Han character

牌 (Kangxi radical 91, 片+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 中中竹竹十 (LLHHJ), four-corner 2604₀, composition ⿰片卑)

Derived characters

• 簰

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 693, character 34
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19854
• Dae Jaweon: page 1106, character 28
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2016, character 28
• Unihan data for U+724C

Chinese

trad.		牌
simp. #		牌

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (卑) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
捭	*preːʔ
牌	*breː, *breː
郫	*breː, *bre, *be
蠯	*breː, *be, *breːŋʔ
猈	*breːʔ, *breː
稗	*breːs
粺	*breːs
𥱼	*breː
豍	*peː
箄	*peː, *pe, *peʔ
錍	*pʰeː, *pe
睥	*pʰeːs
渒	*pʰeːs, *pe
鼙	*beː
鞞	*beː, *pe, *peʔ, *peːŋʔ
椑	*beː, *pe, *beɡ, *beːɡ
崥	*beː, *peʔ
髀	*beːʔ, *peʔ, *piʔ
卑	*pe
鵯	*pe, *pʰiɡ
裨	*pe, *be
痺	*pe
碑	*pre
婢	*peʔ, *beʔ
諀	*pʰeʔ
脾	*be
埤	*be
陴	*be
蜱	*be, *mbew
焷	*be
螷	*be, *breːŋʔ
庳	*beʔ
琕	*biːŋ
萆	*beɡ, *slɯʔ
綼	*biɡ, *peːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *breː, *breː) : semantic 片 + phonetic 卑 (OC *pe).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): pái (pai²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄞˊ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): пэ (pe, I)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): paai⁴ / paai^4-2

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): pai³

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phài
• Jin (Wiktionary): pai¹
• Northern Min (KCR): bǎi
• Eastern Min (BUC): bà̤
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bai² / be²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): pâi

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bai⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶ba

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pái
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄞˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pái
    • Wade–Giles: pʻai²
    • Yale: pái
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pair
    • Palladius: пай (paj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaɪ̯³⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: пэ (pe, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɛ²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: paai⁴ / paai^4-2
    • Yale: pàaih / páai
    • Cantonese Pinyin: paai⁴ / paai^4-2
    • Guangdong Romanization: pai⁴ / pai^4-2
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaːi̯²¹/, /pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: pai³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰai²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phài
    • Hakka Romanization System: pai^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: pai²
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰai̯¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: pai¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /pʰai¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bǎi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pai²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: bà̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɛ⁵³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: bai²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pai¹³/
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: be²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pe¹³/

Note:

• bai2 - literary;
• be2 - vernacular.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pâi
    • Tâi-lô: pâi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: paai
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pai²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /pai²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pai¹³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bai⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pâi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pai⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶ba
    • MiniDict: ba^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³ba
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ba²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: bea, beaj

Rime
Character	牌	牌
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	佳 (31)	皆 (33)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	薄佳切	步皆切
Baxter	bea	beaj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bˠɛ/	/bˠɛi/
Pan Wuyun	/bᵚæ/	/bᵚæi/
Shao Rongfen	/bæi/	/bɐi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/baɨj/	/bəɨj/
Li Rong	/bɛ/	/bɛi/
Wang Li	/bai/	/bɐi/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱai/	/bʱăi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pái	pái
Expected Cantonese Reflex	paai4	paai4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*breː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	牌	牌
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	349	355
Phonetic component	卑	卑
Rime group	支	支
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	牌	排
Old Chinese	/*breː/	/*breː/

Definitions

牌

1. board; plate
2. ^† census plate
3. signboard; placard; sign; tablet
4. brand; trademark

   椰樹牌／椰树牌  ―  Yēshù pái  ―  “Coconut Palm” brand

5. ^† nameplate
6. ^† Name of a type of historical documents delivered to the lower levels.
7. (card games, mahjong, dominoes) playing cards; cards; dominoes; mahjong; etc. (Classifier: 張／张 m c; 飛／飞 c)

   打牌  ―  dǎpái  ―  to play cards

   洗牌  ―  xǐpái  ―  to shuffle cards

   我就剩一張牌了！ [MSC, trad.]
   我就剩一张牌了！ [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒ jiù shèng yī zhāng pái le! [Pinyin]

   I have only one card left!

8. (figurative) card (a resource or an argument, used to achieve a purpose)

   中方警告印度不要打「西藏牌」。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]

   Zhōngfāng jǐnggào Yìndù bùyào dǎ “Xīcáng pái”. [Pinyin]

   China warns India not to play the “Tibet card”.

9. (Hong Kong) licence (Classifier: 個／个 c)

   無牌／无牌 [Cantonese]  ―  mou⁴ paai⁴ [Jyutping]  ―  unlicensed

   考牌 [Cantonese]  ―  haau² paai⁴ [Jyutping]  ―  to take a test for a licence

10. list (of prices)
11. shield
12. memorial (gateway or building)
13. pitch (style) of ancient Chinese poetry (ci) or music (qu)
14. manner; air; shape
15. (Cantonese) medal (Classifier: 塊／块 c)

    攞牌／𫽋牌 [Cantonese]  ―  lo² paai^4-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to win a medal

16. (Southern Min) plaque; memorial tablet
17. (Jilu Mandarin) Classifier for card games: round
18. a surname: Pai

Synonyms

• (brand):

edit

• 品牌 (pǐnpái)
• 商品名 (shāngpǐnmíng)
• 商標 / 商标 (shāngbiāo)
• 商號 / 商号 (shānghào)
• 嘜頭 / 唛头 (Hokkien, chiefly Cantonese, Teochew, chiefly Cantonese)
• 標頭 / 标头 (Hokkien, Puxian Min)
• 牌號 / 牌号 (páihào)

Compounds

• 三元牌 (sānyuánpái)
• 偉士牌 / 伟士牌
• 優諾牌 / 优诺牌
• 冒牌 (màopái)
• 叫牌 (jiàopái)
• 名牌 (míngpái)
• 和牌 (húpái)
• 品牌 (pǐnpái)
• 啤牌
• 多米諾骨牌 / 多米诺骨牌 (duōmǐnuò gǔpái)
• 大牌 (dàpái)
• 姓名牌 (xìngmíngpái)
• 將牌 / 将牌 (jiàngpái)
• 廣告牌 / 广告牌 (guǎnggàopái)
• 廠牌 / 厂牌 (chǎngpái)
• 打牌 (dǎpái)
• 招牌 (zhāopái)
• 掛牌 / 挂牌 (guàpái)
• 揭牌 (jiēpái)
• 摘牌 (zhāipái)
• 撲克牌 / 扑克牌
• 擋箭牌 / 挡箭牌 (dǎngjiànpái)
• 攤牌 / 摊牌 (tānpái)
• 旗牌
• 月份牌 (yuèfènpái)
• 標牌 / 标牌 (biāopái)
• 標語牌 / 标语牌 (biāoyǔpái)
• 橋牌 / 桥牌 (qiáopái)
• 殼牌 / 壳牌
• 汽車號牌 / 汽车号牌
• 洗牌 (xǐpái)
• 無將牌 / 无将牌
• 無牌 / 无牌
• 牌仔
• 牌位 (páiwèi)
• 牌價 / 牌价 (páijià)
• 牌匾 (páibiǎn)
• 牌坊 (páifāng)
• 牌子 (páizi)
• 牌戲 / 牌戏
• 牌樓 / 牌楼 (páilóu)
• 牌照 (páizhào)
• 牌號 / 牌号 (páihào)
• 狗牌 (gǒupái)
• 獎牌 / 奖牌 (jiǎngpái)
• 王牌 (wángpái)
• 玩牌
• 甩牌
• 登機牌 / 登机牌 (dēngjīpái)
• 發牌 / 发牌 (fāpái)
• 盾牌 (dùnpái)
• 石牌 (shípái)
• 萬智牌 / 万智牌
• 站牌 (zhànpái)
• 符牌
• 箭牌 (jiànpái)
• 紅牌 / 红牌 (hóngpái)
• 紙牌 / 纸牌 (zhǐpái)
• 老牌 (lǎopái)
• 葛牌 (Gěpái)
• 虎牌
• 虎頭牌 / 虎头牌
• 號牌 / 号牌 (hàopái)
• 號碼牌 / 号码牌
• 貼牌 / 贴牌 (tiēpái)
• 車牌 / 车牌 (chēpái)
• 車號牌 / 车号牌
• 金牌 (jīnpái)
• 釘牌 / 钉牌
• 銀牌 / 银牌 (yínpái)
• 銅牌 / 铜牌 (tóngpái)
• 門牌 / 门牌 (ménpái)
• 雜牌 / 杂牌 (zápái)
• 雙牌 / 双牌 (Shuāngpái)
• 頭牌 / 头牌
• 風牌 / 风牌 (fēngpái)
• 餐牌 (cānpái)
• 骨牌 (gǔpái)
• 麻將牌 / 麻将牌 (májiàngpái)
• 黃牌 / 黄牌 (huángpái)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (牌):

• → Japanese: 牌(はい) (hai)
• → Korean: 패(牌) (pae)
• → Vietnamese: bài (牌)

Others:

• → Burmese: ဖဲ (hpai:, “playing cards; game of cards”)
• → Khmer: បៀ (biə, “playing cards”)
• → Lao: ໄພ້ (phai, “playing cards”)
• → Lü: ᦘᦻᧉ (phaay², “playing cards”)
• → Shan: ၽၢႆႉ (phâ̰ai, “domino, playing cards”)
• → Thai: ไพ่ (pâi, “playing cards”)
• → White Hmong: phaib (“playing cards”)
• → Zhuang: bej (“playing cards”)

References

• “牌”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “牌”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 170.

Japanese

Kanji

牌

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. a small, written slip of paper: ticket, receipt, label, etc.
2. sign, placard
3. playing card, mahjong tile
4. shield, buckler

Readings

• Go-on: べ (be)
• Kan-on: はい (hai)
• Kun: ふだ (fuda, 牌)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 牌 (MC bea|beaj).

Hanja

牌 (eumhun 패 패 (pae pae))

1. hanja form^? of 패 (“tablet”)

Compounds

• 깡패 (깡牌, kkangpae, “bully”)
• 패거리 (牌거리, paegeori, “(pejorative) gang, clique”)
• 방패 (防牌/旁牌, bangpae, “shield”)
• 명패 (名牌, myeongpae, “name tag”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

牌: Hán Nôm readings: bài, bìa, bời

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.