方
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Translingual
[edit]Traditional | 方 |
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Simplified | 方 |
Japanese | 方 |
Korean | 方 |
Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order (alternative) | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order (alternative) | |||
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Han character
[edit]方 (Kangxi radical 70, 方+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 卜竹尸 (YHS), four-corner 00227, composition ⿱丶万)
- Kangxi radical #70, ⽅.
Derived characters
[edit]- Appendix:Chinese radical/方
- 仿, 𪟀, 㕫, 坊, 妨, 𢁸, 𢎷, 彷, 㤃, 㧍, 汸, 防, 䢍, 𢨲, 昉, 枋, 𬊀, 牥, 𤤁, 肪, 祊, 𭽍, 眆, 𬒂, 䄱, 𫁊, 𫋳, 𭁌, 𪭫, 𮇉, 紡(纺), 舫, 蚄, 訪(访), 𫎒, 趽, 鈁(钫), 𭠈, 𩖫, 𩚠, 𩨣, 𩲠, 魴(鲂), 䲱, 𪕃, 𬬐
- 𠛍, 邡, 放, 𪴩, 𣬵, 瓬, 𨾔, 𩲌, 鴋, 𣁅, 𧘩, 㝑, 芳, 房, 昘, 𬙙, 𥫳, 雱, 髣, 臱, 𢦷, 閍(𨸂), 𡇅, 圀, 堃, 敖, 敫, 𣪧, 𦴪, 𨘋, 㡢, 矈
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 481, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13620
- Dae Jaweon: page 842, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2172, character 1
- Unihan data for U+65B9
Further reading
[edit]Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
方 |
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Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 方 | ||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 一 + 刀 (“sword”) – blade; tip of a blade. Original form of 芒 (OC *maːŋ, *maŋ, “awn (of cereal); tip (of blade)”); later borrowed to mean “side”. Other theories regarding the origin of this character also exist.
It is unrelated to 㫃 (“fluttering flag”), from which characters like 旗 (OC *ɡɯ, “flag”) and 旅 (OC *ɡ·raʔ, “troops”) are derived.
Etymology 1
[edit]- "side; square; region"
- Probably related to 旁 (OC *baːŋ), 傍 (OC *baːŋ, *baːŋs) (Schuessler, 2007).
- "parallel boats"
- Cognate with 舫 (OC *paːŋs, *paŋs, “boat”), 艕 (“boat”). According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *poŋ (“raft; float”); compare Burmese ဖောင် (hpaung, “raft”), Jingpho hpong (“kac”). According to Schuessler (2007), this etymon is an area word; compare Thai พ่วง (pûuang, “raft; pontoon”), Proto-Austronesian *qabaŋ (“boat”), Old Mon kɓaŋ (“ship; boat”).
- "just now"; "now"
- Cognate with 甫 (OC *paʔ, “just now”). Compare Jingpho hpang (“to begin”), Proto-Kuki-Chin *pran (“to begin”) (STEDT).
- "method; law"
- Etymology not certain. May be the same word as 方 (OC *paŋ, “side; square; region”). Cognate with 仿 (OC *pʰaŋʔ, “to imitate”). Perhaps cognate with Tibetan བྱང་བ (byang ba, “skill; experience”), Tibetan སྦྱངས (sbyangs, “trained; exercised studied”) (Schuessler, 2007). Alternatively, it may belong to Khmer ព្រាង (priəng, “to draft; to sketch”) < Khmer រាង (riəng, “shape; form; figure”). If so, it belongs to an Austroasiatic allofam which includes 狀 (OC *zraŋs, “form; appearance”). "Law; norm; standard" is a common extension of "form; shape".
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fang1
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): фон (fon, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): fong1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): fon1
- Northern Min (KCR): bó̤ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): huŏng / bŭng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hng1 / horng1
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 1faon
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fan1more ▼
- Middle Chinese: pjangmore ▼
- Old Chinesemore ▼
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C-paŋ/, /*paŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*paŋ/
Definitions
[edit]方
- (obsolete) parallel; side by side
- (obsolete) parallel boats; raft made of bamboo quotations ▼
- (obsolete) to match; to be equal to
- (obsolete) to compare; to set side by side
- (obsolete) to differentiate; to discriminate
- (obsolete) to occupy; to take up
- (mathematics) square; rectangle; cube
- side; aspect; party
- place; region; locality
- orientation; direction
- (obsolete) law; rule; reason
- method; way
- (obsolete) sort; category; kind
- (obsolete) moral principle and knowledge; learning
- (obsolete) earth; solid earth; ground
- (traditional Chinese medicine) prescription
- (mathematics) power
- (mathematics) Short for 平方米 (píngfāngmǐ, “Classifier for square metre.”).
- (mathematics) Short for 立方米 (lìfāngmǐ, “Classifier for cubic metre.”).
- Classifier for square objects.
- (literary, preceding a measurement of length to indicate area) area surrounding (something); surroundings; vicinity quotations ▼
- upright; honest; irreproachable
- just; just when; at the time when; just now; now quotations ▼
- just; only
quotations ▼
- 書到用時方恨少/书到用时方恨少 ― shū dào yòng shí fāng hèn shào ― to regret not acquiring enough knowledge only when it comes time to apply it
- Synonym: 才 (cái)
- at (a specific time); when quotations ▼
- will; going to quotations ▼
- (lexicography) Short for 方言 (fāngyán, “dialect”).
- a surname
- 方孝孺 ― Fāng Xiàorú ― Fang Xiaoru (Confucian scholar-bureaucrat of the Ming Dynasty)
Descendants
[edit]Others:
Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Middle Chinese: bjangmore ▼
- Old Chinesemore ▼
- (Zhengzhang): /*baŋ/
Definitions
[edit]方
- Only used in 方輿/方舆 (Fángyù, “an ancient county in modern Shandong”).
- to disobey
- Alternative form of 房
- Alternative form of 防 (fáng)
Etymology 2
[edit]Rendering of a dialectal pronunciation of 慌 (huāng).
Pronunciation
[edit]Definitions
[edit]方 (Mainland China, neologism, slang)
- The template Template:zh-pronunciation spelling of does not use the parameter(s):
gloss=to [[panic]]
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Pronunciation spelling of 慌 (huāng). - The template Template:zh-pronunciation spelling of does not use the parameter(s):
gloss=[[panicky]]
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Pronunciation spelling of 慌 (huāng).- 好方! ― Hǎo fāng! ― So panicky!
Etymology 3
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of 方 – see 仿 (“to imitate; to resemble; to be similar; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 仿). |
Etymology 4
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Definitions
[edit]方
Etymology 5
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Definitions
[edit]方
- Only used in 方良.
Etymology 6
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Definitions
[edit]方
- phon (unit of apparent loudness)
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- “方”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: ほう (hō, Jōyō)←はう (fau, historical)
- Kan-on: ほう (hō, Jōyō)←はう (fau, historical)
- Kun: かた (kata, 方, Jōyō)
- Nanori: まさ (masa)
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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方 |
ほう Grade: 2 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 方 (MC bjang|pjang).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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方 |
かた Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
[edit](suffix):
- In the Tokyo dialect, when 方 (-kata) attaches to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of a verb, the resulting noun has an unpredictable accent.
- As a general principle, when it attaches to a 平板式 (heiban-shiki) verb, the resulting noun tends to also be 平板式 (heiban-shiki), and when it attaches to a 起伏式 (kifuku-shiki) verb, the resulting noun tends to also be 起伏式 (kifuku-shiki). In the case of 起伏式 (kifuku-shiki), the アクセント核 (akusento-kaku, “accent kernel”) falls on either the penultimate (か) or the ultimate (た) mora, but frequently both accents are permissible. This principle has numerous exceptions in both directions.
- In other dialects, deviations from the above outline are observed.
Noun
[edit]- (polite) person
Synonyms
[edit]- (plain) 人 (hito)
Suffix
[edit]See also
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]pe > ɸe > we > e.
Suffix
[edit]- a suffix expressing location, direction, or time
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 4
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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方 |
さま Grade: 2 |
irregular |
From Old Japanese. Originally a compound of さ (sa, “that”, pronominal indicating a person, place, thing, or direction in the middle distance) + ま (ma, “likeness, way, similarity”, suffix indicating a quality).[3]
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- a person's appearance (as of body, or style, or face, etc.)
- the state or situation of a thing
- the general trend, tenor, or feel of a thing
- one's social station, status, or quality
- the way or means of doing something, how one does something
- the reason or circumstances for something
References
[edit]- ↑ Jump up to: 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ Jump up to: 2.0 2.1 2.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pa̠ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [방]
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]方: Hán Việt readings: phương (
方: Nôm readings: phương[1][2][3], vuông[1][3][4], phăng[1]
Compounds
[edit]References
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