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Anish Kapoor

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the other artist known as Anish Kapoor, see Stuart Semple.

Sir
Anish Kapoor
CBE RA
Kapoor in 2017
Born
Anish Mikhail Kapoor

(1954-03-12) 12 March 1954 (age 70)[1]
Bombay, Bombay State, India
(now Mumbai, Maharashtra, India)
NationalityIndian, British
EducationThe Doon School
Hornsey College of Art
Chelsea School of Art and Design
Known forSculpture
Notable workCloud Gate
Sky Mirror
ArcelorMittal Orbit
Temenos
Spouses
Susanne Spicale
​
​
(m. 1995; div. 2013)​
Sophie Walker
​
​
(m. 2016; div. 2023)​
Oumaima Boumoussaoui
​
​
(m. 2023)​
RelativesIlan Kapoor (brother)
AwardsTurner Prize 1991
Praemium Imperiale 2011
Genesis Prize 2017
Websiteanishkapoor.com

Sir Anish Mikhail Kapoor, CBE, RA (born 12 March 1954) is a British-Indian[2] sculptor specializing in installation art and conceptual art. Born in Mumbai,[3][4] Kapoor attended the elite all-boys Indian boarding school The Doon School, before moving to the United Kingdom to begin his art training at Hornsey College of Art and, later, Chelsea School of Art and Design.

His notable public sculptures include Cloud Gate (2006, also known as "The Bean") in Chicago's Millennium Park; Sky Mirror, exhibited at the Rockefeller Center in New York City in 2006 and Kensington Gardens in London in 2010;[5] Temenos, at Middlehaven, Middlesbrough; Leviathan,[6] at the Grand Palais in Paris in 2011; and ArcelorMittal Orbit, commissioned as a permanent artwork for London's Olympic Park and completed in 2012.[7] In 2017, Kapoor designed the statuette for the 2018 Brit Awards.[8]

An image of Kapoor features in the British cultural icons section of the newly designed British passport in 2015.[9] In 2016, he was announced as a recipient of the LennonOno Grant for Peace.[10]

Kapoor has received several distinctions and prizes, such as the Premio Duemila Prize at the 44th Venice Biennale in 1990, the Turner Prize in 1991, the Unilever Commission for the Turbine Hall at Tate Modern, the Padma Bhushan by the Indian government in 2012,[11] a knighthood in the 2013 Birthday Honours for services to visual arts, an honorary doctorate degree from the University of Oxford in 2014.[12][13] and the 2017 Genesis Prize for "being one of the most influential and innovative artists of his generation and for his many years of advocacy for refugees and displaced people".[14][15][16][17][18]

Early life and education

[edit]

Anish Mikhail Kapoor was born in Mumbai, India, to an Iraqi Jewish mother[15][19] and an Indian Punjabi Hindu father. His maternal grandfather served as cantor of the synagogue in Pune. At the time, Baghdadi Jews constituted the majority of the Jewish community in Mumbai.[20] His father was a hydrographer and applied physicist who served in the Indian Navy.[21] Kapoor is the brother of Ilan Kapoor, a professor at York University, Toronto, Canada.[22]

Kapoor attended The Doon School, an all-boys boarding school in Dehradun, India.[23] In 1971 he moved to Israel with one of his two brothers, initially living on a kibbutz.[24] He began to study electrical engineering,[20][25] but had trouble with mathematics and quit after six months.[26] In Israel, he decided to become an artist.[20] In 1973, he left for Britain to attend Hornsey College of Art and Chelsea School of Art and Design.[21] There he found a role model in Paul Neagu, an artist who provided a meaning to what he was doing.[27] Kapoor went on to teach at Wolverhampton Polytechnic in 1979 and in 1982 was Artist in Residence at the Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool. He has lived and worked in London since the early 1970s.[28]

Career

[edit]

Kapoor became known in the 1980s for his geometric or biomorphic sculptures using simple materials such as granite, limestone, marble, pigment and plaster.[29] These early sculptures are frequently simple, curved forms, usually monochromatic and brightly coloured, using powder pigment to define and permeate the form. He has said of the sculptures "While making the pigment pieces, it occurred to me that they all form themselves out of each other. So I decided to give them a generic title, A Thousand Names, implying infinity, a thousand being a symbolic number. The powder works sat on the floor or projected from the wall. The powder on the floor defines the surface of the floor and the objects appear to be partially submerged, like icebergs. That seems to fit inside the idea of something being partially there..."[30] Such use of pigment characterised his first high-profile exhibit as part of the New Sculpture exhibition at the Hayward Gallery London in 1978.[31]

Holocaust Memorial, Liberal Jewish Synagogue London, 1996

In the late 1980s and 1990s, Kapoor was acclaimed for his explorations of matter and non-matter, specifically evoking the void in both free-standing sculptural works and ambitious installations. Many of his sculptures seem to recede into the distance, disappear into the ground or distort the space around them. In 1987, he began working in stone.[32] His later stone works are made of solid, quarried stone, many of which have carved apertures and cavities, often alluding to, and playing with dualities (earth-sky, matter-spirit, lightness-darkness, visible-invisible, conscious-unconscious, male-female, and body-mind). "In the end, I'm talking about myself. And thinking about making nothing, which I see as a void. But then that's something, even though it really is nothing."[30]

Since 1995, he has worked with the highly reflective surface of polished stainless steel. These works are mirror-like, reflecting or distorting the viewer and surroundings. Over the course of the following decade Kapoor's sculptures ventured into more ambitious manipulations of form and space. He produced a number of large works, including Taratantara (1999),[33] a 35-metre-high piece which was installed in the Baltic Flour Mills in Gateshead, England, prior to the renovation beginning there which turned the structure into the Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art; and Marsyas (2002), a large work consisting of three steel rings joined by a single span of PVC membrane that reached end to end of the 3,400-square-foot (320 m2) Turbine Hall of Tate Modern. Kapoor's Eye in Stone (Norwegian: Øye i stein) is permanently placed at the shore of the fjord in Lødingen Municipality in northern Norway as part of Artscape Nordland. In 2000, one of Kapoor's works, Parabolic Waters, consisting of rapidly rotating coloured water, was shown outside the Millennium Dome in London.

The use of red wax is also part of his repertoire, evocative of flesh, blood, and transfiguration.[34] In 2007, he showed Svayambh (which translated from Sanskrit means "self-generated"), a 1.5-metre block of red wax that moved on rails through the Nantes Musée des Beaux-Arts as part of the Biennale estuaire; this piece was shown again in a major show at the Haus der Kunst in Munich and in 2009 at the Royal Academy in London.[35] Some of Kapoor's work blurs the boundaries between architecture and art. In 2008, Kapoor created Memory in Berlin and New York for the Guggenheim Foundation, his first piece in Cor-Ten, which is formulated to produce a protective coating of rust.[36] Weighing 24 tons and made up of 156 parts, it calls to mind Richard Serra's huge, rusty steel works, which also invite viewers into perceptually confounding interiors.[37]

In 2009, Kapoor became the first Guest Artistic Director of Brighton Festival. Kapoor installed four sculptures during the festival: Sky Mirror at Brighton Pavilion gardens; C-Curve[38] at The Chattri, Blood Relations (a collaboration with author Salman Rushdie); and 1000 Names, both at the Fabrica Gallery. He also created a large site-specific work titled The Dismemberment of Jeanne d’Arc and a performance-based installation: Imagined Monochrome.[39] The public response was so overwhelming that police had to re-divert traffic around C Curve at the Chattri and exercise crowd control.

In September 2009, Kapoor was the first living artist to have a solo exhibition at the Royal Academy of Arts. As well as surveying his career to date, the show also included new works. On display were Non-Object mirror works, cement sculptures previously unseen, and Shooting into the Corner,[40] a cannon that fires pellets of wax into the corner of the gallery. Previously shown at MAK, Vienna, in January 2009, it is a work with dramatic presence and associations and also continues Kapoor's interest in the self-made object, as the wax builds up on the walls and floor of the gallery the work slowly oozes out its form.

In early 2011, Kapoor's work, Leviathan,[6] was the annual Monumenta installation for the Grand Palais in Paris.[41][42] Kapoor described the work as: "A single object, a single form, a single colour...My ambition is to create a space with in a space that responds to the height and luminosity of the Nave at the Grand Palais. Visitors will be invited to walk inside the work, to immerse themselves in colour, and it will, I hope, be a contemplative and poetic experience."

In 2011, Kapoor exhibited Dirty Corner at the Fabbrica del Vapore in Milan.[43] Having fully occupied the site's "cathedral" space, the work consists of a huge steel volume, 60 metres long and 8 metres high, that visitors enter. Inside, they gradually lose their perception of space, as it gets progressively darker and darker until there is no light, forcing people to use their other senses to guide them through the space. The entrance of the tunnel is goblet-shaped, featuring an interior and exterior surface that is circular, making minimal contact with the ground. Over the course of the exhibition, the work was progressively covered by some 160 cubic metres of earth by a large mechanical device, forming a sharp mountain of dirt which the tunnel appears to be running through.

In 2016, his art exposition in MUAC (Mexico City) was a success, with literary contributions from Catherine Lampert, Cecilia Delgado, and Mexican writer Pablo Soler Frost.[44]

Kapoor sued the National Rifle Association of America (NRA) in 2018. The gun lobby group had, without the sculptor's consent, used a filmed image of Cloud Gate in an approximately one-minute-long promotional video called "The Violence of Lies". The suit was ultimately settled out of court. Kapoor reported that the settlement included the removal of his work from the NRA's film, saying "They have now complied with our demand to remove the unauthorized image of my sculpture Cloud Gate from their abhorrent video, which seeks to promote fear, hostility, and division in American society".[45][46]

Public commissions

[edit]
Turning the World Upside Down, Israel Museum, 2010

Kapoor's earliest public commissions include the Cast Iron Mountain at the Tachikawa Art Project in Japan,[47] as well as an untitled 1995 piece installed at Toronto's Simcoe Place resembling mountain peaks. In 2001, Sky Mirror, a large mirror piece that reflects the sky and surroundings, was commissioned for a site outside the Nottingham Playhouse. Since 2006, The Bean, a 110-ton stainless steel sculpture with a mirror finish, officially titled Cloud Gate, has been permanently installed in Millennium Park in Chicago. Viewers are able to walk beneath the sculpture and look up into an bellybutton or "omphalos" above them.

In the autumn of 2006, a second 10-metre Sky Mirror, was installed at Rockefeller Center, New York City. This work was later exhibited in Kensington Gardens in 2010 as part of the show Turning the World Upside Down, along with three other major mirror works.[5]

ArcelorMittal Orbit, London Olympic Park, 2012

In 2009, Kapoor created the permanent, site-specific work Earth Cinema[48] for Pollino National Park, the largest national park in Italy, as part of the project ArtePollino – Another South.[49][50] Kapoor's work, Cinema di Terra (Earth Cinema), is a 45m long, 3m wide and 7m deep cut into the landscape made from concrete and earth.[49] People can enter from both sides and walk along it, viewing the earth void within.[50][51] Cinema di Terra officially opened to public in September 2009.[49]

Kapoor was also commissioned by Tees Valley Regeneration (TVR) to produce five pieces of public art, collectively known as the Tees Valley Giants.[52] The first of these sculptures, Tememos, was unveiled to the public in June 2010. Temenos stands 50 metres high and is 110 metres in length. A steel wire mesh pulled taut between two enormous steel hoops, it remains an ethereal and an uncertain form despite its colossal scale.

In 2010, Turning the World Upside Down, Jerusalem was commissioned and installed at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem. The sculpture is described as a "16-foot tall polished-steel hourglass" and it "reflects and reverses the Jerusalem sky and the museum's landscape, a likely reference to the city's duality of celestial and earthly, holy and profane".[53]

The Greater London Authority selected Kapoor's Orbit sculpture from a shortlist of five artists as the permanent artwork for the Olympic Park of the 2012 Olympic Games.[7] At 115 metres tall, Orbit is the tallest sculpture in the UK.

When asked if engagement with people and places is the key to successful public art, Kapoor said:

I’m thinking about the mythical wonders of the world, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon and the Tower of Babel. It's as if the collective will comes up with something that has resonance on an individual level and so becomes mythic. I can claim to take that as a model for a way of thinking. Art can do it, and I’m going to have a damn good go. I want to occupy the territory, but the territory is an idea and a way of thinking as much as a context that generates objects.

Architectural projects

[edit]

Throughout his career, Kapoor has worked extensively with architects and engineers. He says this body of work is neither pure sculpture nor pure architecture.

His notable architectural projects include:

Of his vision for the Cumana station in Monte Sant'Angelo, Naples, Italy under construction (as of June 2008), Kapoor has said:

It's very vulva-like. The tradition of the Paris or Moscow metro is of palaces of light, underground. I wanted to do exactly the opposite – to acknowledge that we are going underground. So it's dark, and what I’ve done is bring the tunnel up and roll it over as a form like a sock.[62]

Working with text

[edit]

In a collaboration with author Salman Rushdie, Kapoor conceived a sculpture consisting of two bronze boxes conjoined with red wax and inscribed around the outside with the first two paragraphs of Rushdie's text; "Blood Relations"[63] or an "Interrogation of the Arabian Nights" in 2006.[64]

Stage design

[edit]

Kapoor has designed stage sets including for; the opera Idomeneo at Glyndebourne in 2003; Pelléas et Mélisande, La Monnaie in Brussels, and a dance-theatre piece called in-i with Akram Khan and Juliette Binoche at the National Theatre in London.[65]

Anish Kapoor Foundation

[edit]

The Anish Kapoor Foundation was founded as a charity in 2017, registered in London. In early 2021, the Venice city council approved construction plans for the foundation to convert the Palazzo Priuli Manfrin into an exhibition venue, artist studio and repository for a number of the artist's works from the foundation's collection.[66] The project will be led by architecture firms FWR Associati of Venice and Studio Una of Hamburg.[66]


Vantablack controversy

[edit]

In 2014, Kapoor began working with Vantablack, a substance thought to be one of the least reflective substances known. Vantablack S-VIS, a sprayable paint which uses randomly aligned carbon nanotubes and only has high absorption in the visible light band, also called the "blackest black" colour, has been exclusively licensed to Anish Kapoor's studio for artistic use.[67] His exclusive license to the material has been criticized in the art world, but he has defended the agreement, saying: "Why exclusive? Because it's a collaboration, because I am wanting to push them to a certain use for it. I've collaborated with people who make things out of stainless steel for years and that's exclusive."[68]

Artists like Christian Furr and Stuart Semple have criticised Kapoor for what they view to be the appropriation of a unique material to the exclusion of others.[69][70] In retaliation, Semple developed a pigment called the "pinkest pink" and specifically made it available to everyone except Anish Kapoor and anyone affiliated with him.[71][72] He later stated that the move was itself intended as something like performance art and that he did not anticipate the amount of attention it received.[67] In December 2016, Kapoor obtained the pigment and posted an image on Instagram of his extended middle finger which had been dipped in Semple's pink.[73] Semple also developed more products such as "Black 2.0" and "Black 3.0", which are supposed to look nearly identical to Vantablack despite being acrylic, and "Diamond Dust", an extremely reflective glitter made of crushed glass shards that are designed to hurt Kapoor if he dipped his finger in it, all of which were released with the same restriction against Kapoor as the "pinkest pink".[74][75]

Exhibitions

[edit]

Kapoor initially began exhibiting as part of New British Sculpture art scene, along with fellow British sculptors Tony Cragg and Richard Deacon.[29] His first solo exhibition took place at Patrice Alexandra, Paris, in 1980.[76] He achieved widespread recognition when he represented Britain at the 1990 Venice Biennale,[77] and recounts the experience in Sarah Thornton's Seven Days in the Art World.[78] In 1992 Kapoor contributed to documenta IX with Building Descent into Limbo.[79] In 2004, he participated in The 5th Gwangju Biennale in Gwangju, Korea. Solo exhibitions of his work have since been held in the Tate and Hayward Gallery in London, Kunsthalle Basel in Switzerland, Reina Sofia in Madrid, the National Gallery of Canada in Ottawa, Musée des arts contemporains (Grand-Hornu) in Belgium, the CAPC Museum of Contemporary Art in Bordeaux, the Centro Cultural Banco do Brasil in Brazil, and the Guggenheim in Bilbao, New York City and Berlin.

In 2008, the Institute of Contemporary Art in Boston held the first U.S. mid career survey of Kapoor's work.[80] That same year, Kapoor's Islamic Mirror (2008), a circular concave mirror, was installed in a 13th-century Arab palace now being used as by the Convent of Santa Clara in Murcia, Spain.[81]

Kapoor was the first living British artist to take over the Royal Academy, London, in 2009;[82] the show attracted 275,000 visitors, rendering it at the time the most successful exhibition ever by a living artist held in London. Eventually it was overtaken by the more than 478,000 who attended the David Hockney exhibition at the Tate Modern in 2017.[83][84] This show subsequently travelled to the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao. In 2010, Kapoor retrospective exhibitions were held at the National Gallery of Modern Art (NGMA) in New Delhi and Mumbai's Mehboob Studio, the first showcase of his work in the country of his birth.[85][86] In 2011 Kapoor had a solo touring exhibition with the Arts Council, part of their "Flashback " series of shows. In May he exhibited Leviathan at the Grand Palais, and two concurrent shows in Milan at the Rotonda della Besana and Fabbrica del Vapore. He had a major exhibition at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Sydney (MCA) from December 2012 to April 2013 as part of the Sydney International Art Series.[87]

Dirty Corner, exhibited at the Palace of Versailles in 2015, was a topic of controversy due to its "blatantly sexual" nature. Kapoor himself reportedly described the work as "the vagina of a queen who is taking power".[88]

In 2020 Kapoor unveiled a new exhibition at the grounds of Houghton Hall in Norfolk. It was the largest ever outdoor exhibition of pieces by Kapoor, containing 21 sculptures, some previously unseen, as well as a selection of drawings of his.[89][90]

From 2 October 2021 – 13 February 2022 an exhibition of works created during the pandemic – ‘Painting’ – was shown at the Museum of Modern Art Oxford.

In 2024, Liverpool Cathedral hosted an exhibition of Kapoor's work, entitled Monadic Singularity, to mark its 100th anniversary. It was his first in Liverpool since his show at Walker Art Gallery in 1983.[3]

Collections

[edit]

Kapoor's work is collected worldwide, notably by the Museum of Modern Art in New York City; Tate Modern in London; Fondazione Prada in Milan; the Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney; the Guggenheim in Bilbao; De Pont Museum of Contemporary Art in Tilburg, the Netherlands; the Moderna Museet, Stockholm; the 21st Century Museum of Contemporary Art in Kanazawa, Japan; and the Israel Museum in Jerusalem.[28]

Personal life

[edit]

In 1995, Kapoor married German-born medieval art historian Susanne Spicale.[91] They have a daughter Alba and a son Ishan[24] and lived in a house designed by architect Tony Fretton in Chelsea, London.[92][93] In 2009, Kapoor purchased a 14,500 sq ft (1,350 m2) Georgian-style residence at Lincoln's Inn Fields for about £3.6 million and had it redesigned by David Chipperfield.[94] The couple separated and divorced in 2013.[95] He later married garden designer Sophie Walker, a former studio assistant, after the two began dating in 2013.[96][97][98][99][100] The couple had one daughter together[98][99] and after separating in 2022 later divorced. In 2023 Kapoor married his new partner Oumaima Boumoussaoui.[101][102]

Literature

[edit]
  • Heinz-Norbert Jocksin conversation with Anish Kapoor. Scheitere oft, aber schnell, Kunstforum International, Bd. 254, Cologne 2018, pp. 174–195
  • Attlee, James (ed.). Anish Kapoor : Painting. Köln, König, Walther, 2022. ISBN 9783753301259
  • Fredholm, Sarah (ed.). Anish Kapoor: Unseen. ARKEN Museum of Contemporary Art, 2024. ISBN 9788794418232
  • Galansino, Arturo (ed.). Anish Kapoor - untrue unreal. Venice, Marsilio, 2024. ISBN 9791254631362

Awards and honours

[edit]

Artistic accolades

Civilian honours

Honorary Fellowships

Other

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Töniges, Sven. "Anish Kapoor: Master of darkness at 65 | DW | 12 March 2019". DW.COM. Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
  2. ^ "I wouldn't have given up my Indian nationality but I had to be practical: Anish Kapoor". The Times of India. 14 December 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
  3. ^ a b Wadhwani, Sita (14 September 2009). "Anish Kapoor". CNNGo.com. Archived from the original on 16 November 2009. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  4. ^ "Anish Kapoor". ArtSlant. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  5. ^ a b "Anish Kapoor: Turning the World Upside Down". Serpentine Galleries. Archived from the original on 3 December 2016.
  6. ^ a b "Anish Kapoor Leviathan". Anishkapoor.com. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  7. ^ a b c "Anish Kapoor Orbit". Anishkapoor.com. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  8. ^ "This is what Brit winners will take home next year". BBC. 10 December 2017.
  9. ^ "Introducing the new UK passport design" (PDF). Gov.uk. 7 November 2016.
  10. ^ "Sculptor Anish Kapoor among winners of Lennon Ono peace prize". News & Star online. 17 August 2016. Archived from the original on 18 November 2018. Retrieved 26 August 2016.
  11. ^ "President gives away Padma awards". The Times of India. 23 March 2012. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  12. ^ "Sculptor to be given degree at Sheldonian". Oxford Mail. 24 June 2014.
  13. ^ "Oxford announces honorary degrees for 2014". Archived from the original on 28 June 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
  14. ^ "Sir Anish Kapoor, 2017 Genesis Prize Laureate". The Genesis Prize. Mr. Kapoor was recognized for being one of the most influential and innovative artists of his generation and for his many years of advocacy for refugees and displaced people.
  15. ^ a b Jeffries, Stuart (8 June 2016). "Anish Kapoor on Wagner: 'He was antisemitic and I'm Jewish. Who cares?'". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
  16. ^ "Anish Kapoor receives 'Jewish Nobel' Genesis Prize, and donates $1m to refugees". 6 February 2017. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
  17. ^ "Anish Kapoor condemns 'abhorrent' refugee policies as he wins Genesis prize". The Guardian. 6 February 2017. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
  18. ^ "ArtPremium – Anish Kapoor – "It waves you to a more removed ground"". ArtPremium. 13 March 2017. Archived from the original on 24 August 2018. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  19. ^ Riba, Naama (3 May 2017). "'Jewish Nobel' Ceremony Canceled at Anish Kapoor's Request Over Syrian Refugees". Haaretz.
  20. ^ a b c Weiner, Julia (24 September 2009). "Interview: Anish Kapoor is the biggest name in art". The Jewish Chronicle. London. Retrieved 22 October 2011.
  21. ^ a b Higgins, Charlotte (8 November 2008). "A life in art: Anish Kapoor". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
  22. ^ "Acknowledgements in The Postcolonial Politics of Development". Routledge. Archived from the original on 31 March 2022. Retrieved 6 November 2012.
  23. ^ Sooke, Alastair. "The rise & rise of Anish Kapoor Inc". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 4 April 2010. Retrieved 19 September 2012.
  24. ^ a b Jackie Wullschlager (5 May 2012), Lunch with the FT: Anish Kapoor Archived 20 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine Financial Times.
  25. ^ Sexton, Rose; Cempellin, Leda (26 April 2009). "Finding Everything in the Space of Emptiness". Undergraduate Research Journal for the Human Sciences. 8 (1). www.kon.org. Archived from the original on 28 August 2012. Retrieved 19 September 2012.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  26. ^ "In conversation with Greg Hilty and Andrea Rose". Anishkapoor.com. 14 February 2010. Retrieved 19 September 2012.
  27. ^ Jury, Louise (13 October 2002). "Anish Kapoor: 'The government doesn't understand the importance of". The Independent. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  28. ^ a b c d "Sir Anish Kapoor". Royal Academy of Arts. Archived from the original on 18 July 2009. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  29. ^ a b Anish Kapoor: Sky Mirror, 19 September – 27 October 2006 Archived 2 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine Public Art Fund.
  30. ^ a b Kapoor, Anish. "Anish Kapoor." "BOMB Magazine: Anish Kapoor by Ameena Meer". Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 16 April 2012. "BOMB Magazine" Spring 1990, Retrieved 16 April 2012.
  31. ^ Abrams, Amah-Rose (8 December 2015). "Anish Kapoor: From Conceptualism to Activism". Artnet News.
  32. ^ Anish Kapoor Archived 10 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine British Council
  33. ^ a b "Anish Kapoor Taratantara (Gateshead)". Anishkapoor.com. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  34. ^ St. Clair, Kassia (2016). The Secret Lives of Colour. London: John Murray. p. 137. ISBN 9781473630819. OCLC 936144129.
  35. ^ "Anish Kapoor Musée des Beaux-Arts, Nantes 2007". Anishkapoor.com. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  36. ^ "Anish Kapoor Memory". Anishkapoor.com. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  37. ^ Ken Johnson (22 October 2009), Inside, Outside, All Around the Thing Archived 9 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times.
  38. ^ "Anish Kapoor Brighton Festival 2009". Anishkapoor.com. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  39. ^ "Anish Kapoor Dismemberment of Jeanne d'Arc". Anishkapoor.com. Archived from the original on 15 November 2011. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  40. ^ "Anish Kapoor Shooting into the Corners". Anishkapoor.com. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  41. ^ "Anish Kapoor Grand Palais 2011". Anishkapoor.com. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  42. ^ Ministère de la culture – CNAP – Grand Palais – RMN. "Monumenta 2011 au Grand Palais – Anish Kapoor". Monumenta.com. Archived from the original on 9 September 2011. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  43. ^ "Anish Kapoor Dirty Corner". Anishkapoor.com. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  44. ^ "La UNAM presenta obras deal artists Anish Kapoor". Archived from the original on 31 May 2016.
  45. ^ "Anish Kapoor Settles Lawsuit with NRA over "Toxic Video" Featuring His Art – Artforum International". Artforum.com. 7 December 2018. Archived from the original on 8 December 2018. Retrieved 6 April 2019.
  46. ^ Cascone, Sarah (6 December 2018). "Anish Kapoor Declares 'Victory Over the NRA' in a Settlement That Requires the Gun Group to Remove His Art From an Ad | artnet News". News.artnet.com. Archived from the original on 6 December 2018. Retrieved 6 April 2019.
  47. ^ "Mountain".
  48. ^ "Anish Kapoor Earth Cinema". Anishkapoor.com. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  49. ^ a b c ""ArtePollino- Another South". Three contemporary artists in the region of Basilicata". UniCredit Group. 5 September 2009. Retrieved 7 October 2010.
  50. ^ a b Guadagno, Letizia (9 November 2009). "Artepollino un altro sud: Immaginazione al potere". ARTKEY (in Italian). teknemedia.net. Retrieved 7 October 2010.
  51. ^ Pisani, Mario. "Artepollino Another South. An Emblematic Project – The Role of Art". landscape-me.com. Archived from the original on 10 September 2010. Retrieved 7 October 2010.
  52. ^ "Tees Valley Regeneration". Tees Valley Regeneration. Retrieved 19 September 2012.
  53. ^ Bronner, Ethan (20 July 2010). "Cleaning Up Intersection of Ancient and Modern". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 22 July 2010. Retrieved 26 August 2010.
  54. ^ "ark-nova.ch". ark-nova.ch. 11 March 2011. Archived from the original on 5 October 2011. Retrieved 19 September 2012.
  55. ^ "Anish Kapoor Temenos". Anishkapoor.com. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  56. ^ "Anish Kapoor Dismemberment, Site I". Anishkapoor.com. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  57. ^ "Anish Kapoor 56 Leonard Street". Anishkapoor.com. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  58. ^ "Anish Kapoor Subway Station, Monte S. Angelo". Anishkapoor.com. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  59. ^ "Anish Kapoor Subway Station, Triano". Anishkapoor.com. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  60. ^ "Anish Kapoor Millennium Dome project". Anishkapoor.com. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  61. ^ "Anish Kapoor Building for a Void". Anishkapoor.com. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  62. ^ Gayford, Martin. "All and Nothing: Anish Kapoor on sexuality, spirituality and capturing emptiness" Archived 11 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Apollo, 2008-06-01. Retrieved on 28 May 2009.
  63. ^ "Anish Kapoor Blood Relations". Anishkapoor.com. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  64. ^ Anish Kapoor, 13 October – 11 November 2006 Archived 12 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine Lisson Gallery, London.
  65. ^ Charlotte Higgins (8 November 2008),A life in art: Anish Kapoor Archived 23 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine The Guardian.
  66. ^ a b Kabir Jhala (30 July 2021), Anish Kapoor is converting a vast, crumbling Venetian palace into his permanent exhibition space and workshop The Art Newspaper.
  67. ^ a b Rogers, Adam (22 June 2017). "Art Fight! The Pinkest Pink Versus the Blackest Black". Wired. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
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  69. ^ Frank, Priscilla (29 February 2016). "Anish Kapoor Angers Artists By Seizing Exclusive Rights To 'Blackest Black' Pigment". HuffPost.
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