dyfarnu
Welsh
editEtymology
editFrom earlier difarnu (“to condemn, to convict”), from di- (intensifying prefix) + barnu (“to adjudge”).
Pronunciation
edit- (North Wales) IPA(key): /dəˈvarnɨ/
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /dəˈvarni/
Verb
editdyfarnu (first-person singular present dyfarnaf)
- (transitive) to adjudge, to adjudicate
- (transitive) to referee, to umpire
Conjugation
editConjugation (literary)
singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
present indicative/future | dyfarnaf | dyferni | dyfarna | dyfarnwn | dyfernwch, dyfarnwch | dyfarnant | dyfernir | |
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
dyfarnwn | dyfarnit | dyfarnai | dyfarnem | dyfarnech | dyfarnent | dyfernid | |
preterite | dyfernais | dyfernaist | dyfarnodd | dyfarnasom | dyfarnasoch | dyfarnasant | dyfarnwyd | |
pluperfect | dyfarnaswn | dyfarnasit | dyfarnasai | dyfarnasem | dyfarnasech | dyfarnasent | dyfarnasid, dyfarnesid | |
present subjunctive | dyfarnwyf | dyfernych | dyfarno | dyfarnom | dyfarnoch | dyfarnont | dyfarner | |
imperative | — | dyfarna | dyfarned | dyfarnwn | dyfernwch, dyfarnwch | dyfarnent | dyfarner | |
verbal noun | dyfarnu | |||||||
verbal adjectives | dyfarnedig dyfarnadwy |
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
future | dyfarna i, dyfarnaf i | dyfarni di | dyfarnith o/e/hi, dyfarniff e/hi | dyfarnwn ni | dyfarnwch chi | dyfarnan nhw |
conditional | dyfarnwn i, dyfarnswn i | dyfarnet ti, dyfarnset ti | dyfarnai fo/fe/hi, dyfarnsai fo/fe/hi | dyfarnen ni, dyfarnsen ni | dyfarnech chi, dyfarnsech chi | dyfarnen nhw, dyfarnsen nhw |
preterite | dyfarnais i, dyfarnes i | dyfarnaist ti, dyfarnest ti | dyfarnodd o/e/hi | dyfarnon ni | dyfarnoch chi | dyfarnon nhw |
imperative | — | dyfarna | — | — | dyfarnwch | — |
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |
Derived terms
editMutation
editradical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
---|---|---|---|
dyfarnu | ddyfarnu | nyfarnu | unchanged |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
edit- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “dyfarnu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies