Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative

The voiceless retroflex lateral fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The 'implicit' IPA letter for this sound, ⟨⟩,[1] is overtly supported by the extIPA.[2]

Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative
Audio sample
Encoding
Entity (decimal)ꞎ
Unicode (hex)U+A78E
Voiceless retroflex lateral approximant
ɭ̊
IPA number156 402A
Encoding
X-SAMPAl`_0

Some scholars[who?] posit a voiceless retroflex lateral approximant distinct from the fricative. The approximant may be represented in the IPA as ⟨ɭ̊ ⟩.

Features

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Features of the voiceless retroflex lateral fricative:

Occurrence

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Family Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
New Caledonian Iaai[3] [example needed] Described as an approximant. Contrasts with /ɭ/.[3]
Dravidian Toda[3] [paꞎ ] 'valley' Described as an approximant. Contrasts with /ɭ/ (as in /paɭ/ 'bangle').[3]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Kirk Miller & Michael Ashby, L2/20-252R Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic
  2. ^ Ball, Martin J.; Howard, Sara J.; Miller, Kirk (2018). "Revisions to the extIPA chart". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 48 (2): 155–164. doi:10.1017/S0025100317000147. S2CID 151863976.
  3. ^ a b c d Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996), p. 198.

References

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