The SU-100 (Samokhodnaya Ustanovka 100) is a Soviet tank destroyer armed with the D-10S 100 mm anti-tank gun in a casemate superstructure. It was used extensively during the last year of World War II and saw service for many years afterwards with the armies of Soviet allies around the world.[3]
| SU-100 | |
|---|---|
 Russian SU-100 at a 2013 tank biathlon. | |
| Type | Self-propelled anti-tank gun |
| Place of origin | Soviet Union |
| Service history | |
| In service | October 1944 – present |
| Wars | World War II Suez Crisis Vietnam War Bay of Pigs Invasion Six-Day War Yom Kippur War Iran-Iraq War Yemeni Civil War (2014-present) |
| Production history | |
| Designed | 1944 |
| Unit cost | $448,000 (vehicle's unit price for Morocco in 1967)[1] |
| No. built | 4,976 |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 31.6 tonnes (69,665 lbs) |
| Length | 9.45 m (30 ft) |
| Width | 3.00 m (9 ft 10 in) |
| Height | 2.25 m (7 ft 5 in) |
| Crew | 4 (Commander/Radio Operator, Gunner, Loader, Driver) |
| Armor | front: 75 mm (3 in) sides: 45 mm (1.77 in) rear: 45 mm (1.77 in) roof: 20 mm (.78 in) |
Main armament | 100 mm D-10S gun |
| Engine | V-2-34 based on the Kharkiv Model V-2 500 hp (370 kW) |
| Power/weight | 15.8 hp/tonne |
| Suspension | Christie |
Operational range | Road: 250 km (160 mi) 320 km (200 mi) (with additional fuel tanks) Cross-country: 140 km (87 mi) 180 km (110 mi) (with additional fuel tanks) [2] |
| Maximum speed | 48 km/h (30 mph) |
Development
editThe SU-85 was developed from the chassis of the T-34 tank replacing the turret with a larger, fixed superstructure that allowed a larger gun to be fitted: the 85 mm D-5 gun, providing dramatically upgraded firepower compared to the T-34's 76.2 mm models. Introduced to service in 1943, the SU-85 was quickly rendered obsolete as a new tank design featured the same gun on the T-34-85.[3]
This prompted the design of a more advanced turretless tank destroyer with an even more powerful cannon. Development was conducted under supervision of L. I. Gorlitskiy, chief designer of all medium Soviet self-propelled guns. The work started in February 1944 and the first prototype of the SU-100, "Object 138", was delivered in March. After intensive testing with different models of 100 mm gun Soviet engineers approved the D-10S gun for mass production.[3] This gun was developed in Constructors Bureau of Artillery Factory No. 9 under the guidance of F. F. Petrov. After the Second World War this gun was installed on T-54 and T-55 tanks; these vehicles and their derivatives were in service forty years after initial development.
It was built at the UZTM (Russian abbreviation УЗТМ for Уральский Завод Тяжелого Машиностроения – Ural Heavy Machinery Factory, also called Uralmash) in Yekaterinburg. The SU-100 quickly proved itself to be able to penetrate around 125 mm (4.9 in) of vertical armor from a range of 2,000 m (1.2 mi) and the sloped 80 mm (3.1 in) front armor of the German Panther from 1,500 m (0.93 mi) (with APCBC round).[3]
The hull of the SU-100 had major improvements over the SU-85; the thickness of the front armour was increased from 45 to 75 mm (1.8 to 3.0 in) with a constructional armour slope of 55 degrees,[4] making armour as effective as 125 mm, which forced the Panzer IV and StuG III to all but the closest ranges and the Tiger I having to close in at less than 1 km. Additional improvements were the commander's workplace, as it now was made in a small sponson on the right side of the hull; combined with the commander's cupola this improved the commander's effectiveness. Its German Jagdpanzer-family counterparts — the Jagdpanzer IV, Jagdpanther and Jagdtiger, by comparison, lacked this key piece of observational equipment. On the other hand, the SU-100's optics were a little inferior (4x optics vs German 5x optics). For better ventilation two ventilator units were installed, instead of only one as in the SU-85. Mass production began in September 1944.
Service history
editThe SU-100 was introduced in October 1944 and quickly became popular with Soviet tank crews as its gun could penetrate virtually any German tank then in service until being outmatched by the Tiger II. The gun was excellent, being able to penetrate the Tiger I at 2 km with APCBC rounds while its APHE rounds could penetrate a max of 218 mm of armour.[5] The SU-100 especially saw extensive service during the last year of the war. It was used en masse in Hungary in March 1945, when Soviet forces defeated the German Operation Frühlingserwachen offensive at Lake Balaton.[3] And although not intended for it, the SU-100 was also used in the Battle of Berlin because its gun could deal with heavy fortifications. However, its lack of a machine gun made it need aircraft and infantry support. By July 1945, 2,335 SU-100s had been built.
The vehicle remained in service with the Red Army well after the war; production continued in the Soviet Union until 1947 and into the 1950s in Czechoslovakia. It was withdrawn from Soviet service in 1967 but many vehicles were transferred to reserve stocks. Some exist to this day in the Russian Army holding facilities.
Many Warsaw Pact countries also used the SU-100, as did Soviet allies such as Egypt, Angola and Cuba. A few SU-100 were delivered to Yugoslavia after the war, under the designation M-44.[6] The SU-100 saw service in the fighting that accompanied the 1956 Suez Crisis, in which the Egyptians used SU-100s against Israel's M4 Sherman tanks. The vehicle was also utilized in the 1967 Six-Day War and the 1973 Yom Kippur War. It was modified slightly to adapt it to the sandy conditions of the Middle East, thus creating the SU-100M variant [citation needed]. Exported SU-100s continued in service until the 1970s, and in some countries, even later. The Su-100 saw service during the Yugoslav Wars, but was quickly retired due to a lack of spare parts, despite its satisfactory performance. The SU-100 remains in use by the Vietnam People's Army and the Korean People's Army Ground Force.
SU-100s entered service with the People's Liberation Army (PLA) of China after 1 December 1950 when Soviet forces left Dalian. The armaments in Dalian were sold to China, including 99 SU-100s, 18 IS-2 heavy tanks, and 224 T-34s, with which PLA formed its 1st Mechanised Division.
In April 2015, a SU-100 self-propelled gun was photographed being used in Yemen as part of the ongoing conflict.[7] Video evidence uploaded to YouTube in November 2016 showed an apparent SU-100 being knocked out by an anti-tank guided missile in Yemen.[8]
Operators
edit
Algeria: 50 in reserve.[9][10]
North Korea: 100[11]
Morocco: 25;[11] 8 operational.[9]
Vietnam: 100[11]
Yemen: 70[9]
Former operators
edit
Albania[12]
Angola: 40;[11] all destroyed in the Angolan Civil War or decommissioned by the late 1980s.[13]
Bulgaria: 100[11]
People's Republic of China: 300[11]
Cuba: 100[11]
Czechoslovakia: 200[11]
East Germany: 50[11]
Egypt: 150[11]
Hungary: 50[11]
Iraq: 250[11]
Mongolia: 10[11]
North Yemen: 50[11]
Poland: 25 or 26. Withdrawn from service in late 1960s.[14]
Romania: 85 acquired by 1957.[15] 23-47 were in reserve as of 2022.[16][17] Used as firing range targets.[18]
Soviet Union[19]
Syria: 80[11]
Yugoslavia: 40[20]
See also
editTanks of comparable role, performance and era
editReferences
edit- ^ ""SELECTED LIST PRICES OF MILITARY EQUIPMENT EXPORTED BY COMMUNIST COUNTRIES"" (PDF). Retrieved 24 July 2024.
- ^ Soviet Tanks and Combat Vehicles of World War Two (Steven J. Zaloga, James Grandsen) page 179.
- ^ a b c d e Higgins, David R. (2014). Jagdpanther vs SU-100. Eastern Front 1945. Osprey Publishing.
- ^ "A Different Angle". Tank Archives. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
- ^ Bird, Lorrin Rexford; Livingston, Robert D. (2001). WWII Ballistics: Armor and Gunnery. Overmatch Press. p. 59.
- ^ "Lovac tenkova SU-100". members.multimania.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2 February 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
- ^ Uskowi, Nader (4 April 2015). "WWII era Soviet armor engaged in Yemen conflict". Uskowi On Iran.
- ^ "YouTube". YouTube. Archived from the original on 1 December 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
- ^ a b c Cordesman, Anthony (October 2016). After The Storm: The Changing Military Balance in the Middle East. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 112–124, 701. ISBN 978-1-4742-9256-6.
- ^ Nerguizian, Aram; Cordesman, Anthony (2009). The North African Military Balance: Force Developments in the Maghreb. Washington DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies Press. pp. 44–46. ISBN 978-089206-552-3.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Trade Registers". Armstrade.sipri.org. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
- ^ М. Барятинский. (2017). Самоходные установки на базе Т-34. Litres. p. 29. ISBN 978-5-699-23790-6.
- ^ Gennady Shubin, ed. (16 June 2017). "The Oral History of Forgotten Wars" (PDF). Translated by Peter Sidorov. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 June 2017. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
- ^ Jurek. "SU-100, średnie działo pancerne". www.2wojna.pl. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
- ^ Sămușan, Alin (2017). "Contribuții la istoria dotării cu armament a armatei române între 1944 și 1959" [Contributions to the history of the Romanian army's weaponry endowment from 1944 to 1959]. National Military Museum (in Romanian). 15. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
- ^ "United Nations Register of Conventional Arms - Romania 2022". United Nations. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
- ^ International Institute for Strategic Studies (February 2022). The Military Balance 2022. Routledge. pp. 140–141. ISBN 978-1032279008.
- ^ How NATO defends a member under attack - Dacian Fall 2024 (video). HotNews Romania. 31 October 2024. Event occurs at 1:45, 4:59 – via YouTube.
- ^ "Soviet Ground Force Weapons And Armored Vehicles" (PDF). Langley: Central Intelligence Agency. August 1969. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 March 2017. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
- ^ Kočevar, Iztok (August 2014). "Micmac à tire-larigot chez Tito: L'arme blindée yougoslave durant la Guerre froide" [The Yugoslav armored arm during the Cold War]. Batailles et Blindés (in French). No. 62. Caraktère. pp. 66–79. ISSN 1765-0828.
External links
edit
- The SU-100 Tank Destroyer at Battlefield.ru
- SU-100 at WWIIvehicles.com
- SU-100 data at OnWar.com