Research paradigm
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The document discusses research paradigms and provides examples. It defines a research paradigm as a model or guide that describes how variables are treated in a study. Symbols like boxes, arrows, and lines are used to illustrate the relationships between variables. Two examples of research paradigms are given, one showing demographic factors and their relationship to reading proficiency levels, and another depicting inputs and processes in journalistic writing. The document also presents three common research approaches - positivism, anti-positivism, and critical theory - along with examples of associated research methods like surveys, case studies, and action research.
Research paradigm
- 1. RESEARCH PARADIGM Presented by JOSELITO B. BISENIO Makati Science High School
- 2. RESEARCH PARADIGM Serves as a model and guide which describes and illustrates how the variables are treated in the study. It is a figure that represents the interplay of the variables.
- 3. SYMBOLS USED BOX – it contains the variables. Normally, it answers a question in the SOP which needs descriptive analysis. ONE-HEADED ARROW – illustrates influence on one variable on the other. TWO-HEADED ARROW – it represents association or relationships between variables. CONNECTOR LINE – connects one variable with another but does not necessarily mean that the variables will be subjected to a statistical procedure.
- 4. EXAMPLE Demographic Profile Age Gender Previous GWA in English Parents’ educational attainment Family’s Socioeconomic Status Reading Proficiency Levels (Mc Call Crabbs Test) Suggested Reading Strategies to Increase Reading Proficiency Level
- 5. EXAMPLE INPUT News Writing Feature Writing Editorial Writing Sports News Writing PROCESS On-line Research On-line References INPUT Better journalistic writing outputs
- 6. Research Paradigm Research Approach Research Methods Examples Positivism Quantitative Surveys: longitudinal, cross-sectional, correlational; experimental and quasi- experimental; ex-post facto research - Attitude of distance learners towards online based education - Relationship between students’ motivation and their academic achievement. - Effect of intelligence on the academic performances of primary school learners Anti-Positivism Qualitative Biographical Phenomenological Ethnographical case study - A study of autobiography of a great statesman. - A study of dropout among the female students - A case study of a open distance learning Institution in a country. Critical Theory Critical and action- oriented Ideology critique; action research - A study of development of education during the British rule in India - Absenteeism among standard five students of a primary school