Poland
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Although renewable energy accounts for almost 10% of Poland's installed capacity, much wind potential remains untapped. Poland's wind capacity increased 37.1% in 2012. Renewables are promoted through a quota system requiring electricity suppliers to meet renewable energy certificates that increase annually. The quota was set to reach 20% by 2021 but a new law is expected to introduce auction-based support in 2015.
![20 percent by 2021 (ResLegal, 2013). One MW-h of produced electricity equals one tradable green certifi-
cate. There is no minimum price set and no technology-specific differences. Due to undersupply in recent
years, the price for the tradable certificates was close to the substitution fee (ECS, 2011). However, a new
law on renewable energy sources exists in a draft form and was sent by the Ministry of Economics to the
Committee of the Council of Ministers. After several delays and revisions, this law is expected to come
into force in early 2015. The Ministry of Economy announced that the new promotion scheme will be
based on a competitive auction system. Every year, power purchase agreements to a specific price per
kW-h are tendered.
In accordance with EU Directive 2009/28/EC, Poland’s national binding target of the share of energy from
renewable sources in gross final energy consumption by 2020 is set at 15 percent (Ministry of Economy,
2010). The Energy Law, in combination with the Order on the Quota Obligation 18/10/2012, establishes
the legal basis for the quota support scheme. There are also other investment incentives. For suppliers
and producers, electricity from renewable sources is exempt from consumption tax (currently 20 zlotys,
or €4.73) (Tax Act, Art. 89 [3]). There is non-discriminatory, but unprioritized, grid access and grid connec-
tion costs are borne by the plant operator. Renewable energy developers with capacity less than 5 MW
only bear 50 percent of the grid connection costs and are exempt from the fees for issuing the certificate
of origin and the power generation licence (Energy Law, Art. 7 (8) and Art.9e [18]). The Energy Regulator
provides a guide for project developers on how to obtain a power generating licence in Poland (ERO,
2012).
Legislation and policy
R E N E W A B L E E N E R G Y S N A P S H O T :
Quota system with tradable renewable energy certificates (TREC) in Poland
Source: Energy Law Article 9 and ERO (2013) (zloty/€ exchange rate as on 4 December 2013)
Eligible technologies Substitution fee in €/certificate = maximum price
Wind 70.79
Solar 70.79
Hydro 70.79
Biomass 70.79](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/poland-140514023000-phpapp01/85/Poland-2-320.jpg)
Poland
- 1. Although the share of renewable energy in Poland’s total installed capacity stands at almost 10 percent, much technical potential remains untapped, particularly for wind. But Poland’s wind power installed ca- pacity alone increased by 37.1 percent (or 880 MW) in 2012 (WWEA, 2013). Renewable energy is promoted by a quota system, requiring electricity generators, suppliers and traders to meet a certain quota of green certificates, reflecting power produced from renewable sources. The quota, a percentage of the total amount of sold electricity, increases every year by 1 percent. It started at 12 percent in 2013 and will reach Poland General Country Information Population: 38,542,737 Surface Area: 312,680 km² Capital City: Warsaw GDP (2012): $ 489.8 billion GDP Per Capita (2012): $ 12,708 WB Ease of Doing Business: 58 Sources: EBRD (2009);WWEA (2013); Institute for Renewable Energy (2009); EPIA (2013); Polish Information and Foreign Investment Agency et al. (2010); PSO (2011); ERO (2013); ESHA (2011); World Bank (2014); EIA (2013); Hoogwijk and Graus (2008); Hoogwijk (2004); JRC (2011); and UNDP calculations. R E N E W A B L E E N E R G Y S N A P S H O T : Key information about renewable energy in Poland Empowered lives. Resilient nations. 9.8% RE Share 38,000 MW Total Installed Capacity Biomass Solar PV Wind Small Hydro 941 7 2,497 2811 28,800 290,300 620,000 1,000 3,726 MW Installed RE Capacity Electricity Generating Capacity 2012 Installed Renewable Electricity Capacity 2012 in MW Technical Potential for Installed Renewable Electricity Capacity in MW 1 Value is from 2011
- 2. 20 percent by 2021 (ResLegal, 2013). One MW-h of produced electricity equals one tradable green certifi- cate. There is no minimum price set and no technology-specific differences. Due to undersupply in recent years, the price for the tradable certificates was close to the substitution fee (ECS, 2011). However, a new law on renewable energy sources exists in a draft form and was sent by the Ministry of Economics to the Committee of the Council of Ministers. After several delays and revisions, this law is expected to come into force in early 2015. The Ministry of Economy announced that the new promotion scheme will be based on a competitive auction system. Every year, power purchase agreements to a specific price per kW-h are tendered. In accordance with EU Directive 2009/28/EC, Poland’s national binding target of the share of energy from renewable sources in gross final energy consumption by 2020 is set at 15 percent (Ministry of Economy, 2010). The Energy Law, in combination with the Order on the Quota Obligation 18/10/2012, establishes the legal basis for the quota support scheme. There are also other investment incentives. For suppliers and producers, electricity from renewable sources is exempt from consumption tax (currently 20 zlotys, or €4.73) (Tax Act, Art. 89 [3]). There is non-discriminatory, but unprioritized, grid access and grid connec- tion costs are borne by the plant operator. Renewable energy developers with capacity less than 5 MW only bear 50 percent of the grid connection costs and are exempt from the fees for issuing the certificate of origin and the power generation licence (Energy Law, Art. 7 (8) and Art.9e [18]). The Energy Regulator provides a guide for project developers on how to obtain a power generating licence in Poland (ERO, 2012). Legislation and policy R E N E W A B L E E N E R G Y S N A P S H O T : Quota system with tradable renewable energy certificates (TREC) in Poland Source: Energy Law Article 9 and ERO (2013) (zloty/€ exchange rate as on 4 December 2013) Eligible technologies Substitution fee in €/certificate = maximum price Wind 70.79 Solar 70.79 Hydro 70.79 Biomass 70.79
- 3. Poland Opportunities to finance renewable energy projects in Poland Financing organization Details Website Polish Sustainable Energy Financing Facility Eligible are private small and medium enterprises investing in renewable energy projects that gener- ate a minimum of 3kW-h are eligible for loan of up to 100 percent of the investment costs per €1 in- vested annually. www.polseff.org/ International Finance Corporation (IFC) Private and environmentally and technically sound projects may apply for loans of up to 35 percent of the estimated projects costs, usually provided through partner intermediaries. www.ifc.org/ EU Means - European Investment Facility (EIF)/ - European Investment Bank (EIB) - Structural Funds Loans and guarantees via Polish financial Intermedi- aries (e.g. Regionalne Towarzystwo Inwestycyjne, Bank BGŻ), and private equity/venture capital are available. www.europa.eu/youreurope/business/fi- nance-support/access-to-finance/ Institutions Organization Responsibility Website Minister of Economy - Responsible for energy policy www.mg.gov.pl/ Energy Regulatory Office (ERO) - Grants licences in the energy sector and certificates of origin for electricity generated from renewable sources www.ure.gov.pl/ Polish Transmission Operator PSE S.A. - Responsible for maintaining and operating the national grid and electricity transmission www.pse.pl/ Polish Information and Foreign Investment Agency - State investment agency, established to attract, con- sult and facilitate potential investors www.paiz.gov.pl/en Recent projects Company Project Status IKEA (Sweden) and Martifer (Portugal) Opened a 26 MW wind park in Rymanov in June 2013. Commissioned Polish Solar (England) A subsidiary of Stern Energy (Italy) and currently develops 200 MW of photovoltaic systems. Under development Tergopower Plans to construct a 40 MW CHP biomass plant in Lublin for approximately €140 million. Under development
- 4. Poland References Energy Charter Secretariat (ECS), 2011: Poland – In- Depth Review of the Investment Climate and Market Structure in the Energy Sector. Available at: www.encharter.org/index.php?id=554 Energy Regulatory Office (ERO), 2012: Information Package for Companies intending to conduct business activities in the form of generating electric power. Available at: www.ure.gov.pl/download/2/412 /Information_Package_WEE_121122012.pdf. Energy Regulator Office (ERO), 2013 – Map of Renewable Energy Sources. Available at: www.ure.gov.pl/uremapoze/mapa.html European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), 2009: Poland – Country Profile. Available at: http://ws2-23.myloadspring.com/ sites/renew/countries/poland/profile.aspx European Small Hydropower Association (ESHA), 2011: HYDI Database. Available at: http://streammap.esha.be/ Hoogwijk, M., 2004: On the global and regional potential of renewable energy sources. Utrecht: Universiteit Utrecht, Faculteit Scheikunde. Dissertation. Available at: http://igitur-archive.library.uu.nl/ dissertations/2004-0309-123617/full.pdf Hoogwiijk, M. andW. Graus, 2008: Global Potential of Renewable Energy Sources: A Literature Assessment. Available at: www.ecofys.com/files/files/report _global_potential_of_renewable_energy_sources_ a_literature_assessment.pdf Institute for Renewable Energy, 2009:Wind Power Development in Poland by 2020 – AVision. Available at: www.psew.pl/backup/en/files/wind_power_developm ent_in_poland_by_2020_-_a_vision.pdf International Finance Corporation (IFC) andWorld Bank, 2014: Doing Business – Measuring Business Regulations. Available at: www.doingbusiness.org /data/exploreeconomies/poland/ Joint Research Centre of the European Commission (JRC), 2011:Technical Assessment of the Renewable Energy Action Plans. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/ dgs/jrc/downloads/jrc_reference_report_2011_reap.pdf Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Poland, 2010: National Renewable Energy Action Plan. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/renewables/action_plan _en.htm Polish System Operator (PSO), 2011: Annual Report 2011. Available at: www.pse.pl/annual_report_2011/#p=4 Renewable energy policy database and support (ResLegal), 2013: An initiative of the European Commission – Poland. Available at: www.res-legal.eu Republic of Poland, 1997: Energy Law. Available at: www.mg.gov.pl/NR/rdonlyres/FEF39A92-841A-4D24- AE9D-D6E0A2469100/13609/PE_6092005_Energy_ Law_Act.doc Republic of Poland, 2009:Tax Act. Available at: http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/DetailsServlet?id=WDU2009003 0011 (Polish) U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), 2013: Levelized Cost of New Generation Resources in the Annual Energy Outlook 2013. Available at: www.eia.gov/forecasts/aeo/electricity_ generation.cfm World Bank, 2014: Data Catalog. Available at: http://datacatalog.worldbank.org/ WorldWind Energy Association (WWEA), 2013: 2012 Annual Report. Available at: www.wwindea.org/webimages/WorldWindEnergyRep ort2012_final.pdf