Ph Local Government System

Role of the Local Government in
Development
Sec. 2. Declaration of Policy. – the territorial &
political subdivisions of the State shall enjoy
genuine and meaningful local autonomy to
enable them to attain their fullest development
as self-reliant communities & make them more
effective partners in the attainment of national
goals; provide a more responsive and
accountable local government structure
instituted through a system of decentralization
whereby LGUs shall be given more powers,
authority, responsibilities, and resources.

LGUs Role in Development
(c) national agencies and offices are required to
conduct periodic consultations with
appropriate LGUs, NGOs,& POs before any
project or program is implemented
(g) capabilities of LGUs, especially municipalities
& barangays, shall be enhanced thru active
participation in the implementation of
national programs & projects.

(i) LGUs shall share with the national
governmnent the responsibility in
managing & maintaining ecological
balance within their territorial
jurisdiction

Four Outstanding Features
of the Code
• Devolves to LGUs the responsibility for delivery
of basic services that have always belonged to
the national government
• Grants LGs significant regulatory powers that
traditionally always belonged to the national
government agencies
• Significantly increases the financial resources
available to LGUs thru increased IRA
• Recognizes & encourages the active participation
of the private sector, NGOs, & POs in the process
of governance

Sec. 16. General Welfare. – LGUs shall ensure and
support preservation & enrichment of culture,
promote health & safety, enhance right of people
to a balanced ecology, encourage & support dev’t
of appropriate & self-reliant scientific &
technological capabilities, improve economic
prosperity & social justice, promote full
employment among residents, maintain peace &
order, & preserve the comfort & convenience of
inhabitants.

Sec. 17. Basic Services & Facilities. – LGUs shall
discharge the functions & responsibilities of
national agencies & offices devolved to them;
exercise powers & discharge functions &
responsibilities incidental to efficient &
effective provision of the basic services and
facilities enumerated

Devolved Basic Services
• Agriculture
• Health
• Social services
• Environment & natural resources
• Public works
• Tourism
• School building program

Structure, Powers & Functions
Sec. 3, Art. X of the 1987 Constitution:
- The Congress shall enact a local government code
which shall provide for a more responsive and
accountable local government structure instituted
through a system of decentralization with effective
mechanisms of recall, initiative, and referendum,
allocate among the different local government units
their powers, responsibilities, and resources, and provide
for the qualification, election, appointment or removal,
term, salaries, powers and functions and duties of local
officials and all other matters relating to the organization
and operation of the local units.

Structure, Powers & Functions
• Sec. 4 of 1991 LGC. Scope of Application. –
This Code shall apply to all provinces, cities,
municipalities, barangays, and other political
subdivisions as may be created by law, and, to
the extent herein provided, to officials,
offices, or agencies of the national
government
• Cities shall be governed by their charters as
long as the charters are not inconsistent with
1991 LGC . (Sec. 534(f))

Two-fold purpose of LGs: Dual Agency
• Political & Corporate Nature: (Sec. 15)
–To serve as an agency or instrumentality of
the state in carrying on the functions of
government which the state cannot
conveniently exercise
–To act as an agency of the inhabitants of the
community

Two-fold Character of LGs:
Governmental & Private
• Act as agents of State for the government of
the territory & the inhabitants within the LGs
limits
• Act in similar category as a business
corporation in the administration of local
affairs beyond the sphere of public purposes
for which government powers are vested like
in managing public markets & cemeteries

Regulatory Powers
• Power to generate & apply resources
• Power of eminent domain
• Power to reclassify agricultural lands (not under CARP): 15% for
HUC & Independent Component Cities; 10% for Component Cities &
1st
to 3rd
Class Municipalities; 5% for 4th
to 6th
Class Municipalities
• Power to close & open roads
• Inspection of food products
• Adoption of quarantine regulations
• Enforcement of National Building Code
• Regulation and operation of tricycles
• Regulation of real estate trade and business
• Licensing of cockpits & regulation of cockfighting

Corporate Powers
• To have continuous succession in its corporate
name
• To sue & be sued
• To have and use a corporate seal
• To acquire and convey real or personal property
• To enter into contracts
• To exercise other powers granted to corporations
subject to limitations in Code & other laws

Types of LGUs under the 1987
Constitution
Sec. 1, Art. X:
–The territorial and political subdivisions of
the Republic of the Philippines are the
provinces, cities, municipalities, and
barangays. There shall be autonomous
regions in Muslim Mindanao and the
Cordilleras as herein provided.

Types of LGUs
• Autonomous Regions – 2 regions were pre-
identified but only one is existing
• Provinces – composed of clusters of
municipalities or municipalities and
component cities
• Cities – component (independent &
dependent) and highly urbanized
• Municipalities – composed of barangays
• Barangays – basic political unit

Special Type of LGU
Sec. 11, Art. X, 1987 Constitution:
– The Congress may, by law, create special
metropolitan political subdivisions, subject to a
plebiscite as set forth in Section 10 hereof, The
component cities and municipalities shall retain
their basic autonomy and shall be entitled to their
own local executives and legislative assemblies. The
jurisdiction of the metropolitan authority that will
thereby be created shall be limited to basic services
requiring coordination; PD 824(MMC, 4/76), EO
392(MMA,1/9/90, RA 7924(MMDA, 2/95)

LGU Creation Criteria
Type Land Area Population Income
(in Sq. Km) (not less than) (not less than)
Province at least 2,000 250,000 20 M
City at least 100 150,000 20 M
HUC 200,000 50 M
Municipality at least 50 25,000 2.5 M
Barangay identified by 2,000(outside MM)
Metes & bounds 5,000 (MM)
Or more or less
Permanent natural
Boundaries

Branches/Composition of LGUs
• Executive Branch – composed of Provincial
Governors, City and Municipal Mayors, and
Punong Barangays. Called local chief executives
(LCEs), they exercise executive powers
• Legislative Branch – serves as lawmaking &
consultative body; Sangguniang Panlalawigan for
the province; Sangguniang Panlungsod for the
city; Sanguniang Bayan for the municipality; and
Sangguniang Pambarangay for the barangay

Sanggunian Composition
• Presiding Officer – Vice Governor for the
province; Vice Mayor for the city & municipality;
and Punong Barangay for the barangay; vote only
to break a tie
• In his absence, members present may elect from
among themselves a temporary presiding officer
• Other positions include the secretary, sgt-at-
arms & committee chairmen (health & sanitation,
education, taxation, tourism, agriculture, etc.)

Elective Officials Common to all
Provinces
• Governor
• Vice Governor
• Sangguniang Panlalawigan:
– Presiding officer
– Regular members determined by class of unit
– President of the Liga ng mga Barangay
– President of Sangguniang Kabataan Federation
– President of the Federation of Sangggunian Members
– 3 Sectoral representatives: women, agricultural or
industrial workers, and 1 from other sectors(urban
poor, indigent cultural communities, or disabled)

Elective Officials Common to all Cities
& Municipalities
• Mayor
• Vice Mayor
• Sangguniang Panlungsod/Bayan:
– Presiding officer
– Regular members of the Sanggunian
– President of the Liga ng mga Barangay
– President of the Sangguniang Kabataan Federation
– 3 Sectoral representatives: women, agricultural or
industrial workers, and one from other sectors(urban
poor, indigenous cultural communities or disabled)

Officials Common to all Barangays
• Punong Barangay
• 7 Sanggunian Members
• Sangguniang Kabataan Chairman
• Barangay Secretary
• Barangay Treasurer

Compensation of Elective Officials
Governor - SG 30
Vice Governor - SG 28
City Mayor - SG 30
City Vice Mayor - SG 28(HUC),
SG 26(component city)
Mun. Mayor - SG 27
Mun. Vice Mayor - SG 25
SP (province) - SG 27
SP (city) - SG 27(HUC)
SG 25(component city)
SB member - SG 24

Compensation of Barangay
Officials
• Honoraria, allowances & other emoluments
authorized by law or barangay, municipal or
city ordinance in accordance with Code
– Not less than 1,000 pesos/month for PB & 600
pesos/month for sanggunian members, secretary
& treasurer
– Christmas bonus of not less than 1,000 pesos

Compensation of Barangay
Officials
• Free medical and hospital care but not to
exceed 5,000 pesos in case of extreme
urgency
• Free tuition and matriculation fees for
legitimate dependents in state
colleges/universities
• Insurance coverage which includes tanods &
brigade members not exceeding 20 per
barangay

Powers of the LCEs
• Execute all applicable laws & ordinances within
territorial jurisdiction
• Appointing authority
• Supervisory authority over executive officials of
unit
• Issuance of executive orders
• Police power
• Visitorial power
• Issuance of permits
• Difference: mayors can solemnize marriage

Powers of the Sanggunians
• Approve ordinances & pass resolutions necessary
for effective & efficient local government
• Generate & maximize use of resources &
revenues for development plans, program
objectives & priorities of the local government
- enact annual/supplemental appropriations;
appropriate funds for specific programs, projects,
services & activities
- enact ordinances levying taxes, fees &
charges; grant tax exemptions, incentives &
reliefs

Approval of Ordinances
• LCE may veto in writing any ordinance on the
ground that it is prejudicial to public welfare
• Veto action must be communicated by LCE
within 15 days (province) and 10 days (city or
municipality), otherwise, it is deemed
approved
• Sanggunian may override veto with 2/3 vote
of all members

Approval of Ordinances
• LCE, except PB, has power to veto any particular
item or items of appropriation ordinance, local
development plan & public investment program
ordinance or ordinance directing the payment of
money or creating liability but shall not affect the
other items
• Within 3 days the Sanggunian Secretary shall
transmit to the Sangguniang Panlalawigan for
review an ordinance to determine its consistency
& validity.

Issues & Concerns in Decentralization
• Perception that devolution will simply
increase the powers of local bosses &
warlords further entrenching them
• “absorptive capacities of LGUS:” Are they
adequately prepared to assume the increased
responsibilities and exercise the powers
devolved to them?

Issues & Concerns
• Resistance of certain devolved agencies to
devolution & subsequent moves to
recentralize the health sector
• Unequal distribution of financial resources
(IRA) due to not-so studied formula with cities
gaining a windfall while municipalities &
provinces are not able to afford the cost of
devolution

Issues & Concerns
• “lags” in the release of IRA
• Lack of guidelines from NGs in operationalizing
devolution
• Continuing need to define & clarify
intergovernmental relations
• Hesitance among NGOs & POs to participate in
local governance due to continuing distrust
between government & non-government sectors
• General lack of information about the Code
among various stakeholders

Issues & Concerns
• Do NGOs have the capabilities to assume
increased responsibilities in local governance
within the framework of the Code
• Need to monitor “people empowerment
provisions”; harmonize GO-NGO relations &
clarify & delineate Intra-NGO relations
• 40-60 share in national revenues equivalent
only to 14% of national budget
• 45-55 personnel services limitation

Organization Structure & Staffing
Pattern of LGs
• Every LGU shall design & implement its own
organizational structure & staffing pattern
taking into consideration its service
requirements & financial capability, subject to
the minimum standards & guidelines
prescribed by the Civil Service Commission
(Sec. 76)

CSC Guidelines (MC #19, s. ‘92)
• Appropriate organizational structure &
staffing pattern shall be determined &
established in accordance with Section
17(Basic Services & Facilities) of the Code &
priority needs identified by the LCE,
Sanggunian &/or LDC; within the financial
capability of LGUs taking into consideration
the budgetary limitations in Sec. 325

Appointive Officials (Province)
• Mandatory: Secretary, Treasurer, Assessor,
Accountant, Engineer, Budget Officer,
Planning & Development Coordinator, Legal
Officer, Administrator, Health Officer, Social
Welfare & Development Officer, General
Services Officer, Agriculturist, Veterinarian
• Optional: Population Officer, ENRO,
Cooperatives Officer, Architect, Information
Officer

Appointive Officials (City)
Planning & Development Coordinator, Legal
Officer, Administrator, Health Officer, Civil
Registrar, Veterinarian, Social Welfare &
Development Officer, General Services Officer
• Optional: Architect, Information Officer,
Agriculturist, Population Officer, ENRO,
Cooperatives Officer

Appointive Officials (Municipality)
Planning & Development Coordinator, Health
Officer, Civil Registrar
• Optional: Administrator, Legal Officer,
Agriculturist, ENRO, Social Welfare &
Development Officer, Architect, Information
Officer

Appointive Officials (Barangay)
• Mandatory: Secretary, Treasurer, Lupong
Tagapamayapa
• Optional: Community Brigade

Guidelines on Organizational Structure
• LGUs may create optional positions provided
all mandatory positions were created in
accordance with budgetary limitations
• Tenure of Administrator, Information Officer
& Legal Officer shall be co-terminus with LCE
• May create other offices & positions provided
that mandatory positions have been created
& subject to budgetary limitations

Guidelines....
• Heads of departments and offices shall be
appointed by the LCE with the concurrence of
majority of all members of Sanggunian subject
to civil service law, rules and regulations
• Qualification requirements provided in the
Code shall be applied; no substitution for
deficiency in education and/or experience
shall be allowed

Guidelines...
• Structural Units of an Office:
– Section = lowest structural unit/level composed of
at least 3 personnel
– Division = second highest structural unit/level
composed of at least 2 sections
– Department = highest structural unit/level
composed of at least 4 divisions

Human Resources Management
• LCE shall be responsible for human resources
& development in his unit & shall take all
personnel actions in accordance with the
Constitutional provisions on civil service,
pertinent laws, and rules & regulations
thereon, including such policies, guidelines &
standards as the CSC may establish

Identified Appointing Authorities
in LGs
• Local Chief Executive
• Vice Governor/Vice Mayor
• Finance Secretary

Limitation on Appointments
• No person shall be appointed in the
career service of the local government if
he is related within the fourth civil
degree of consanguinity or affinity to the
appointing or recommending authority

Public Notice of Vacancy
• Post notices of vacancy in at least 3
conspicuous public places in the local
government unit concerned for a
period of not less than fifteen (15)
days

Personnel Selection Board
• Assist LCE in judicious & objective selection of
personnel for employment & promotion & in
formulation of employee welfare policies
• Chairman & members named thru a
Sanggunian resolution; also identified in
agency’s Merit Selection/Promotion Plan

Compensation
• Determined by Sanggunian concerned
• Increase in compensation of elective officials
takes effect after the term of office of approving
officials expired
• Increases shall not exceed budgetary limitations
• In accord with SSL
• Elective officials are entitled to same leave
privileges including cumulation & commutation

Resignation of Elective Officials
• Deemed effective upon acceptance by:
– President = for governors, vice governors, &
mayors & vice mayors of HUCs & independent
component cities
– Governor = for municipal mayors & municipal vice
mayors, & city mayors & city vice mayors of
component citys
– Sanggunian concerned – for sanggunian members
– City or municipal mayor = for barangay officials

Practice of Profession
• Governors & mayors are prohibited from
practising their profession or engaging in any
other occupation other than the exercise of their
functions as LCEs
• Sanggunian members may practise their
professions, engage in any occupation, or teach
in schools except during session hours
• Doctors of medicine may practise their
profession even during official hours of work only
during emergencies but must not derive
monetary compensation therefrom

Prohibitions
• Prohibited & pecuniary interest; prohibitions
under RA 6713 (Code of Conduct & Ethical
Standards for Public Officials & Employees)
• Partisan political activity
• Appointment or designation in any capacity to
any public office or position during his tenure
unless allowed by law or by primary functions of
position
• Appointment within one year after losing in an
election
• Additional or double compensation

Permission to Leave Station
• Appointive officials going on official travel shall
seek permission from LCE before departure to be
acted upon within 4 days from receipt
• Mayors of component cities & municipalities shall
secure permission from governor
• LG officials travelling abroad shall notify
Sanggunian; more than 3 months travel require
Presidential approval
• Field officers of NGAs shall provide notice to LCE
prior to leaving station indicating duration of
travel & OIC

Annual Report
• LCEs shall submit an annual report to
Sanggunian on or before March 31 of each
year on socio-economic, political and peace
and order conditions, and other matters
concerning LGU covering immediately
preceding calendar year.
• Copy of report furnished the DILG; component
cities & municipalities shall also furnish copy
to Sangguniang Panlalawigan

Local Fiscal Administration
• Fundamental Principles:
– No money shall be paid out of local treasury without
an appropriation ordinance or law
– LG funds & monies shall be spent solely for public
purposes
– Local revenue generated only from sources
authorized by law or ordinance, & collection must be
acknowledged properly
– Monies officially received in any capacity or occasion
shall be accounted as local funds, unless otherwise
provided by law

Fiscal Admin. Fundamental Principles
• Trust funds in local treasury shall not be paid
out except in fulfillment of purpose for which
trust was created or funds received
• Accountable officers must be properly bonded
• LGs shall formulate sound financial plans, &
local budgets shall be based on functions,
activities, & projects, in terms of expected
results

• Budget plans shall be harmonized with
national development plans, goals &
strategies to optimize resource utilization &
avoid duplication in use of fiscal & physical
resources
• Budgets shall operationalize approved local
development plans
• LGUs shall ensure budgets incorporate
requirements of component units equitably

• National planning shall be based on local
planning to ensure consideration of local
needs & aspirations
• Fiscal responsibility shall be shared by all
those exercising authority over financial
affairs, transactions, & operations of LGUs
• LGUs shall endeavor to have a balanced
budget in each fiscal year

Resource Generation & Allocation
• Sources of Revenue:
–Local generated: business tax & other
local taxes; real property tax
–Externally sourced: share in BIR
collections (IRA); share in proceeds
from national wealth

IRA Distribution
–Provinces = 23%
–Cities = 23%
–Municipalities = 34%
–Barangays = 20%

Allocation Formula
• For Province/City/Municipality
– Population = 50%
– Land Area = 25%
– Equal Sharing = 25%
Barangays with at least 100 inhabitants shall receive
a minimum of 80,000 pesos per year

Share in Proceeds from National
Wealth
• 40% of gross collections of preceding FY from
the following:
– Mining taxes
– Royalties
– Forestry & fishery charges
– Share of NG from any co-production, joint
venture or production sharing agreement

Share in Proceeds of GOCCs
• 1% of gross sales or receipts of
preceding fiscal year; or
• 40% of taxes, fees or charges that
such GOCC would have paid if not
tax exempt; whichever is higher

Distribution Formula
• National wealth located in a Province
– Province = 20%
– Component city/municipality = 45%
– Barangays = 35%
• National wealth located in two or more LGUs
– Population = 70%
– Land Area = 30%

Budgetary Limitations (Sec. 325)
• 45-55% limitation on personnel services
• No salary rate higher than maximum fixed for
position
• No appropriations for salary increase of NGA
officials & employees
• Abolition & creation of positions must be in
accordance with Code & CS law, rules &
regulations

Budgetary Limitations
• Occupied plantilla positions (career) must be
covered by adequate appropriations
• No reclassification of positions except when
position is vacant
• Creation of new positions & salary increases
or adjustments shall not be retroactive
• LCE discretionary fund shall be limited to 2%
of real property tax in preceding calendar year

Review of Appropriation Ordinances
• DBM for Provinces, HUCs, Independent
Component Cities, & Municipalities within the
Metro Manila Area
• Sangguniang Panlalawigan for Component
Cities & Municipalities

Intergovernmental Relations
• NG & LGUs
– President exercises general supervision over LGUs to
ensure compliance with prescribed powers & functions
– Coordination of NGAs with each other & with LGUs prior
to project implementation
– Provision for financial, technical or other forms of
assistance to LGUs without extra cost
– Submission of monthly reports to LCEs by NGA field units
– Duty of NGAs to maintain local ecological balance
– Prior consultations & Sanggunian approval required prior
to project or program implementation

Relations with PNP
• LCE extent of operational supervision and
control over police force, fire protection unit,
& jail management personnel shall be
governed by the provisions of RA 6975 or the
DILG Act of 1990 & its implementing rules &
regulations

LCE Powers re: PNP
• Power to direct, superintend, oversee daily
functions of police investigation of crime, crime
prevention activities, & traffic control
• Power to direct employment & deployment of
PNP units or elements thru station commander
to ensure public safety & effective maintenance
of peace & order
• Authority to choose chief of police from list of 5
eligibles or recommend recall/reassign chief of
police

LCE Powers re: PNP
• Authority to recommend transfer, reassignment
or detail of PNP members outside LGU
• Authority to recommend appointment of new
members of PNP from a list of eligibles for
assignment to LGU
• Control & supervision of anti-gambling
operations
• Automatic deputation of LCEs as Commission
representatives

Inter-Local Government Relations
• Province thru governor shall ensure every
component city & municipality acts within
prescribed powers & functions; HUCs &
independent component cities are
independent of the province
• Governors review executive orders of mayors
of component cities & municipalities; city &
municipal mayors review EOs of PBs

Inter-Local Government Relations
• Municipal government may secure opinion of
provincial legal officer or provincial prosecutor
on any legal question
• City or municipal LCE exercises general
supervision over component barangays to
ensure compliance with prescribed powers &
functions
• Cooperative undertakings among LGUs

Relations with POs & NGOs
• Promote establishment & operation of POs &
NGOs as active partners in autonomy pursuit

Relations with POs & NGOs
• Enter into joint ventures/cooperative
arrangements with POs &NGOs in delivery of
basic services, capability building & livelihood
projects, & develop local enterprises to
improve productivity & income, diversify
agriculture, spur rural industrialization,
promote ecological balance, & enhance
economic & social aspects

Assistance to POs & NGOs
• LCEs with concurrence of Sanggunian
shall provide assistance, financial or
otherwise, to POs & NGOs for
economic, socially-oriented,
environmental, or cultural projects
to be implemented

Local Special Bodies
• Local Prequalification, Bids & Awards
Committee
• Local School Board
• Local Health Board
• Local Development Council
• Local Peace & Order Council
• People’s Law Enforcement Board

The Department of Interior and Local Government issued
a memorandum circular regarding the “Accreditation of Civil
Society Organizations, And Selection of Representatives To
The Local Special Bodies.” The purpose of the memorandum
—to “reiterate the provisions of the Local Government Code
and its Implementing Rules and Regulations and to provide
other clarificatory guidelines relative to the accreditation of
people’s organizations, nongovernment organizations,
business groups, professional groups and other similar
aggrupations, and in the selection of their representatives
to the local special bodies, and to strengthen the
participation of civil society organizations in local
governance and development processes.”

The selection of representatives to local
special bodies (development councils, health
boards, school boards and peace and order
councils) is scheduled in the first or second
week of September every year, and the
reconstitution and the convening of these
entities on the third week of the same month.

• Monitoring and reporting committees in the
LGUs are organized with their respective DILG
field directors as heads. At the regional and
national levels, these committees, tasked to
spearhead the implementation of the circular,
are headed by the DILG regional directors and
the undersecretary for local government.

Local Prequalification, Bids & Awards
Committee
• Conduct prequalification of contractors,
bidding, evaluation of bids, &
recommendation of awards concerning local
infrastructure projects
• Composition: LCE as chairman; Sanggunian
appropriations committee chairman,
Sanggunian minority representative,
treasurer, 2 NGO representatives, practicing
CPA, & COA representative as observer

Local School Board (LSB)
• Determine supplemental budget for public
schools from real property special levy share
(SEF)
• Authorize disbursement of SEF
• Advise Sanggunian on education matters
• Recommend changes in public school names
• Consulted by DepEd on appointments of
Superintendents, supervisors, principals &
other school officials

LSB Composition
• LCE & Division Superintendent/District
Supervisor as co-chairmen
• Sanggunian Education Committee chairman
• Treasurer
• SK Federation President
• President of PTA Federation
• Public Schools Non-Academic personnel
representative

Local Health Board (LHB)
• Propose to Sanggunian annual budgetary
allocations for operation & maintenance of
health facilities & services within locality
• Advise Sanggunian on health matters
• Create committees to advise local health
agencies on personnel selection & promotion,
bids & awards, grievances & complaints,
personnel discipline, budget review,
operations review & other similar functions

LHB Composition
• LCE as chairman
• Local Health Officer as vice chairman
• Sanggunian Health Committee chairman
• PO or NGO representative
• DOH representative

Local Development Council (LDC)
• Formulate long-term, medium-term & annual
socio-economic development plans & policies
• Formulate medium-term & annual public
investment plan
• Formulate local investment incentives to
promote inflow & direction of private investment
capital
• Coordinate, monitor & evaluate implementation
of development programs & projects

LDC Composition
• Barangay:
– Punong Barangay as chairman
– Members of the Sangguniang Barangay
– NGO representatives who shall constitute ¼ of the
members of the fully organized council
– Representative of the congressman

LDC Composition
• City or Municipality:
– LCE as chairman
– All PBs of the city or municipality
– Chairman of the Sanggunian Committee on
Appropriations
– Congressman or his representative

LDC Composition
• Province:
– Governor as chairman
– All mayors of component cities & municipalities
– Chairman of the Sanggunian Committee on
Appropriations
– Congressman or his representative

Relation of LDC to Sanggunian & RDC
• LDC proposals shall be submitted to
Sanggunian for appropriate action; approved
local development plans may be integrated
with development plans of next higher level
LDC
• Approved development plans of Provinces,
HUCs & Independent Component Cities shall
be submitted to RDC for integration to
regional development plan

Local Peace & Order Council
(LPOC)
• The composition and functions of
the provincial, city & municipal
peace & order councils shall be
governed by the provisions of EO
309, s. 1988, as amended.

LPOC Functions
• Formulate plans & recommend measures to
improve/enhance peace & order & public safety
• Monitor implementation of peace & order
programs & projects & operation of Civilian
Volunteer Self-Defense Organizations & other
counter-insurgency programs/activities
• Make periodic assessments or peace & order
situation & submit recommendations to NPOC
• Receive complaints against government
personnel, civilian or military & endorse to
concerned agency

PPOC Composition
• Governor as chairman
• Vice Governor as vice chairman
• Provincial counterparts of NPOC members
• Sanggunian representative
• 3 NGO representatives (academe, civic,
religious, youth, labor, legal, business & media
organizations)

CPOC/MPOC composition
• Mayor as chairman
• Vice Mayor as vice chairman
• City or municipal counterparts of NPOC
members
• Sanggunian representative
• 3 NGO representatives

People’s Law Enforcement Board
(PLEB)
• Receive, take cognizance of or refer
complaints against officers & members of the
PNP to proper disciplining authority or
adjudicatory authority within 3 days from
filing of complaint
• 3 members chosen by LPOC from respected
members of community with one woman &
another a member of the bar

Venues/Opportunities for
Popular Participation
• Local sectoral representation
• Local special bodies
• Mandatory consultations
• Recall, initiative & referendum
• Partnership with NGOs & POs
• Privatization
• Public hearings/consultations
• Focus group discussions

Challenges/Interventions/Approaches
• The challenge posed by bureaucratic
institutions, systems, procedures & mindsets
suffering from the inertia of excessive
centralization
• Learn from innovative & creative practices
developed at the local level
• Vigilance & participation of all sectors to
suppress the restoration of elite-dominated
politics

• Reverse the 40-60 ratio in IRA sharing system to
60-40 in favor of LGUs
• Direct transfer to LGUs of budgets of devolved
agencies
• Re-examine practice of unfunded mandates
• Re-examine relationship between local grantees
& PDAF-supported projects with LGUs playing
greater role in planning, dispensation & use.
• Strengthen mechanisms to facilitate continuing
dialogues & consultations between devolved
agencies & LGUs

• Strengthen/upgrade skills & administrative
capabilities of LGU officials
• Improve monitoring & evaluation systems
down to the barangay level
• Develop a sound & reliable MIS
• Procure more modern facilities to support
delivery of services (refrigeration of
drugs/vaccines)

• Explore indigenous resources that are
responsive, less costly, & more culturally
sensitive
• Strong linkages with NGOs committed to
community mobilization & citizen
participation
• Federate community organizations to assure
stronger posture

References
• Agra, Alberto C.
1995 12 Basic Features of Local Autonomy.
Lecture presented to the Local Autonomy Forum,
Baguio City.
• Brillantes, Alex Jr. B.
1998 Decentralized Democratic Governance
Under the Local Government Code: A Government
Perspective, Manila: Philippine Journal of Public
Administration.

References
• Brillantes, Alex Jr. B.
1992 Local Government Code Encourages
NGO Participation in Local Governance, Manila
Bulletin.
• Legaspi, Perla E.
2001` The Enabling Role of Local
Governments. QC: UP National College of Public
Administration and Governance.

References
• Panganiban, Elena M.
1998 Metropolitanization Within a
Decentralized System: The Philippine
Dilemma. QC: Center for Local and Regional
Governance and National College of Public
Administration and Governance.

References
• Reforma, Mila A.
1998 Reforming Government: New Concepts and
Practices in Local Public Administration in the
Philippines, Japan: EROPA Local Government Center.
• Tapales, Proserpina D.
2003 The Nature and State of Local Government,
QC: National College of Public Administration and
Governance.

References
• Tapales, Proserpina D.
1998 Participatory Governance: The
Philippine Experience, Tokyo, Japan: EROPA Local
Government Center.
• CSC MC No. 19
1992 Guidelines and Standards in the
Establishment of Organizational Structure and
Staffing Patterns in Local Government Units

References
• EO No. 503
1992 Providing for the Rules and
Regulations Implementing the Transfer of
Personnel and Assets, Liabilities and Records
of National Government Agencies whose
Functions are to be Devolved to the Local
Government Units and Other Related
Purposes.

References
• Aralar, Reynaldo B. Administrative Law
Simplified, MM: National Bookstore, 2009.
• Sibal, Jose Agaton R., Local Government Code
(As Amended), 2nd
Ed., MM: Central Book
Supply Inc., 2005

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