Water Conservation Survey - British Columbia, Canada

2004
BC Water Conservation Survey

PREPARED FOR: B.C. Ministry of Water, Land and Air
Protection
BCWWA Water Sustainability Committee

PREPARED BY: Alliance Professional Services
CV Marketing Research Inc.

COMPLETED: May 2004

Knowing Is Better

All Rights Reserved. Printed in Canada.

Phone: 1-866-8-SURVEY (787839) Toll free
Fax: 1-866-864-0588 Toll free
E-mail: research@cv-market.com
Web-site: www.cv-market.com

2004 BC Water Conservation Survey

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.................................................................................................................. 3
1.1 SURVEY OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................................................... 3
1.2 EXPECTED GROWTH AND WATER MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES ......................................................... 3
1.3 BCWAA WATER SUSTAINABILITY COMMITTEE WEBSITE ................................................................... 5
1.4 OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT TOOLS .......................................................................................... 5
1.5 LEAD-BY-EXAMPLE TOOLS .............................................................................................................. 6
1.6 RESIDENTIAL EDUCATION AND CONSULTATION TOOLS ...................................................................... 6
1.7 AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION AND CONSULTATION TOOLS ................................................................... 7
1.8 ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL TOOLS ................................................................................................... 7
1.9 PARTNERSHIPS AND CO-OPERATIVE EFFORTS.................................................................................. 8
1.10 LONG-TERM PLANNING TOOLS ....................................................................................................... 8
1.11 LEGAL TOOLS ............................................................................................................................... 9

2.0 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................... 10
2.1 COLLECTION ................................................................................................................................. 10
2.2 MARGIN OF ERROR ....................................................................................................................... 10

3.0 DETAILED RESULTS.................................................................................................................... 11
3.1 GENERAL UTILITY INFORMATION..................................................................................................... 11
3.2 BCWWA WATER SUSTAINABILITY COMMITTEE WEBSITE ................................................................ 27
3.3 OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT TOOLS ........................................................................................ 30
3.4 LEAD-BY-EXAMPLE TOOLS ............................................................................................................ 39
3.5 RESIDENTIAL EDUCATION AND CONSULTATION TOOLS .................................................................... 45
3.6 AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION AND CONSULTATION TOOLS ................................................................. 52
3.7 ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL TOOLS ................................................................................................. 57
3.8 PARTNERSHIPS AND CO-OPERATIVE EFFORTS................................................................................ 61
3.9 LONG-TERM PLANNING TOOLS ....................................................................................................... 65
3.10 LEGAL TOOLS ............................................................................................................................. 69

4.0 SURVEY INSTRUMENT ................................................................................................................ 73

2


1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Executive Summary is a brief account of the research findings, which are
outlined in greater depth in the Detailed Results section of this report.

1.1 Survey Objectives
CV Marketing Research, in conjunction with Alliance Professional Services,
conducted an online survey of water utilities in British Columbia to determine
water conservation policies, practices, and projects. Of the 190 utility managers
who were asked to take part, 72 actually participated. The information generated
will help promote the development of appropriate programs and services,
contribute to the creation of best management practices, and enable water
managers to learn from the successes of other utilities.

1.2 Expected Growth and Water Management Challenges
Overall, the majority of water utilities surveyed are anticipating that population
growth in their regions will necessitate system expansion. While nearly 2 in 3
(65%) are confident that their existing water license will allow for the projected
population growth in their area, well over half (56%) project that their existing
infrastructure will not. As such, more than 3 in 4 utilities (77%) are currently
planning to undertake system expansion. The majority of these utilities (88%) are
committing funds for this expansion, with only a few not relying heavily on
government funding to pay for their expansions.

While just 1 in 3 (34%) utilities have currently embarked on a demand
management program to reduce water consumption, over half of those that have
not are considering doing so in the future (54%). Expectations of the costs for
such a program vary between 1 and 5 percent of their operating budget, with few
expecting to exceed this level.

Increasing infrastructure appears to be the leading cause for embarking upon or
considering implementing a demand management system. Limited source
quantity is a strong secondary factor. A multitude of other factors are also driving
utilities to pursue demand management systems, including public demand, urban
growth, and environmental stewardship. Less critical to the decision to pursue
this system are agricultural demands and adaptation for climate change (see
Figure 1 on following page).

3


The greatest barrier for Figure 1
utilities to achieving their
Factors Encouraging Implementation or
water conservation
Consideration Of A Demand Management System
objectives appears to be
the cost of doing so, with Increas ing infras tructure
62%
over half of those 36%
surveyed considering this Lim ited s ource quantity
52%

to be a major challenge. 31%
38%
Competing priorities are a Public dem and
51%
secondary challenge that 31%
Public apathy / lack of awarenes s
they encounter somewhat 54%

less often. Less significant Urban growth
31%
52%
challenges or barriers
31%
include lack of education Aging infras tructure
54%
and communication, and 30%
Environm ental s tewards hip
lack of planning. 56%

28%
Potential drought
40%
Fewer than 1 in 3 utilities
25%
are using performance Im pacts on water quality
53%
measures to gauge 16%
Im pacts on fis h / habitat flows A Primary
whether they are achieving 41%
Consideration
their conservation Com peting us es
13% A Secondary
19%
objectives. However, Consideration
8%
nearly half of those who Adaptation for clim ate change
50%
are not currently using 6%
Agricultural dem ands
these measures (48%) are 17%

planning on using them in % of Respondents 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
the future.

When it comes to best management practices (BMPs), a significant number of
utilities are considering implementing them, but few are using them. The most
used BMP – establishing a metering plan to account for water use and losses –
has been adopted by just under 1 in 3 utilities (31%), although it is being
considered by another 44%. Other BMPs being commonly used or considered
include developing a water distribution system renewal plan (30% are using one,
41% are considering using one), water conservation (27% / 49%), and cross-
connection control (27% / 39%).

When seeking technical information, utility managers are most frequently turning
to professional consultants (54%), while water related associations (52%), and
seminars and conferences (46%) are other popular sources.

4


1.3 BCWWA Water Sustainability Committee Website
Figure 2 Nearly all utility managers surveyed
Perceived Value of BCWWA Com m ittee Website indicated that a website developed
by the BCWWA Water Sustainability
Committee to provide stakeholders
Occasionally with up-to-date information about
No real help
helpful tool / programs, water management
or benefit
resource
2%
initiatives, best management
63% practices, and utility- specific
success stories would be a helpful
Don't know
resource (see Figure 2). Nearly 1 in
5%
3 (31%) stated that such a website
Invaluable
would be an invaluable tool or
tool /
resource resource, while the majority of all
31% others (63%) felt that it would at the
very least be an occasionally helpful
tool or resource.

1.4 Operations and Management Tools
Of the operations and Figure 3
management tools most Te n Most Commonly Used Ope ra tions a nd
commonly used by utilities, Ma nageme nt Tools
emergency response plans Emergency response plan
69%
26%
are the most widespread,
66%
with more than 2 in 3 Commercial / Industrial metering
16%
utilities using these (see
52%
Figure 3). Commercial Water supply upgrades
33%
metering, water supply 50%
V oluntary w ater restrictions
upgrades, and voluntary 21%
water restrictions are also 47%
Computer upgrades
commonly used by at least 19%
half of those surveyed. 45%
Watershed protection
Tools that are used less 38%

frequently but are strongly Leak-detection program
31%
43%
being considered include
residential metering (49%), Residential metering
24%
49%
leak detection programs
(43%), and watershed A gricultural metering
23% Currently in
13% Place
protection (38%).
22% Being
Water audits 27% Considered

% of Re s ponde nts 0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

5


1.5 Lead-By-Example Tools
When it comes to leading by Figure 4
example, there are numerous
Lead By Example Tools
tools that are currently in place 75%
Operator education / training
within many BC utilities (see 13%

Figure 4). Three of 4 managers Employee education
50%
26%
surveyed have operator Water conservation applied to operations and 46%
education and training maintenance 28%
programs in place, while 1 in 2 Early leak detection and repair 45%
have other employee 29%
34%
education programs in place. Efficient outdoor w ater use and landscaping
25%
Other commonly used tools 32%
Education for elected officials
include water conservation 28%

applied to operations and Conservation library
23%
17%
maintenance (46%) and early
Low -flow fixture or retrofit program 23%
leak detection and repair 28%
(45%). While other tools and Reduced w ater pressure in buildings 19%
15% Currently using
programs are less commonly
2%
used, a large number of Greyw ater recycling 19%
Being considered

utilities are at least considering % of Respondents 0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
adopting a number of these.

1.6 Residential Education and Consultation Tools
Figure 5
Eight Most Commonly Used Residential
Numerous tools are used
Education / Consultation Tools to educate and consult
with residential users, but
61%
Media
9%
conventional media (61%),
58%
billing enclosures (58%),
Information with billing
23% and stand-alone
Stand-alone publications 54% publications (54%) are the
11% most frequently used (see
Website
44% Figure 5). Websites are
28%
used by just under half of
School programs,events and/or 31%
contests 17%
the utilities surveyed while
31%
more focussed programs,
Community events
22% such as school and
Publications for school children 29% Currently in place
community events are
18%
Being considered
used by just under 1 in 3
Workshops & Seminars
21% utilities.
17%

% of Respondents 0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

6


1.7 Agricultural Education and Consultation Tools
In contrast to education and Figure 6
consultation tools for
Six Most Commonly Used Agricultural Education /
residential water users, utility
Consultation Tools
managers appear to employ
far fewer methods for 38%
Information with
agricultural and ICI users billing 21%
(see Figure 6). Specifically,
efforts are far more focussed, 36%
Website
as evidenced by the common 18%
use of billing enclosures and
website information. Unlike Voluntary watering 32%
restrictions
for residential users, standard 8%

media and stand-alone
Stand-alone 31%
publications are used far less publications 8%
often to reach agricultural
and ICI users. It also appears 30%
that fewer utilities are Media
14%
planning on adopting new Currently using
education and consultation Community events
25%
Being considered
tools for these users, with 14%
most tools being considered
by less than 20% of utilities. % of Respondents 0% 20% 40% 60%

1.8 Economic and Financial Tools
Figure 7
Top Five Economic And Financial Tools Overall, few utilities are
utilising any formal
Analysis / study of 33% economic or financial
universal metering
or metering pilot 27%
tools to promote water
conservation (see
Cost / benefit
28%
Figure 7). The most
analysis of current
programs / projects 16%
widely used tool –
analysis and study of
Assessment of 26%
universal metering or
pricing structure 46% metering pilot – is
employed by just 1 in 3
22%
utilities surveyed, and is
Service charges
9%
being considered by just
over 1 in 4. Other tools
Currently in place employed include cost /
Fines for excess 18%
use Being considered benefit analysis,
16%
assessment of pricing
% of Respondents 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% structures, and service

7


charges. While assessing pricing structures is not currently widespread, nearly
half of utilities surveyed (46%) do appear to be considering implementing this in
the future.

1.9 Partnerships and Co-operative Efforts
Figure 8
Compared with use of other tools and
management practices, the area of Top Five Partnerships And Co-operative Efforts
partnerships and co-operative efforts
Partnership /
to promote conservation is relatively cooperation w ith
27%

neglected (see Figure 8). In terms of other w ater utilities 5%
current partnerships, the most
Partnership /
common are with other water utilities cooperation w ith
27%
and regional governments at 27% of regional government 18%
utilities surveyed. Partnerships with
Partnerships /
neighbouring jurisdictions are nearly cooperation w ith 20%
as common (1 in 5 utilities), as are neighbouring v 16%
jurisdiction
partnerships with the provincial
Partnership /
government. Interestingly, it appears cooperation w ith 20%
that if utility managers have not provincial 9%
already established partnerships, they government Currently promoting

are unlikely to do so in the future. In Partnership / 16%
Being considered
terms of planned co-operative efforts, cooperation w ith
federal government 9%
18% of utilities do intend to pursue
partnership with regional % of Respondents 0% 10% 20% 30%
governments, while 16% intend to
pursue partnerships with neighbouring
jurisdictions. Figure 9
Top Five Long-Term Planning Tools
1.10 Long-Term Planning
71%
Tools Local or regional
land use planning
14%

Most utilities appear to be quite 59%
Long-range capital
forward thinking, as evidenced planning
27%
by the large number that
employ multiple long-term Growth
49%
planning tools (see Figure 9). management
27% Currently in place
planning
Overall, this focus on long-term Being considered
planning coincides with the Quality / continuous
49%
large number of utilities’ focus improvment
planning 32%
on implementing performance
measures in the near future 48%
Strategic planning
(see Section 1.1). About 7 in 10 30%
utilities have local or regional
land use planning in % of Respondents 0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

8


place and about 3 in 5 have long-range capital planning in place. In addition,
nearly half of utilities have growth management planning, quality and continuous
improvement planning, and strategic planning in place to promote water
conservation.

1.11 Legal Tools
Figure 10 Legal tools are another area
Long-Term Planning Tools that most utilities are using to
promote water conservation
62%
Bylaws
21%
(see Figure 10). Not
surprisingly, by-laws are the
Mandatory 49%
restrictions 23%
most common tool used, with
nearly 2 in 3 of those
43%
Regulations surveyed reporting their use.
23%
Mandatory restrictions are
41%
Standards also commonly used, as
25%
nearly half of utilities employ
23%
Licensing
18%
these. Other popular legal
tools include regulations and
21%
Zoning restrictions
23%
standards. Less commonly
Currently in Place
used tools include licensing
Restrictive Being Considered
covenants
12% (23%), zoning restrictions
14%
(21%) and restrictive
% of Respondents 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% covenants (12%), although
nearly 1 in 4 utilities surveyed
are considering the use of
zoning restrictions (23%).

9


2.0 METHODOLOGY

2.1 Collection
The 72-sample survey was collected via an online questionnaire emailed to
nearly 200 water utility managers across British Columbia. The survey
questionnaire, which was developed in collaboration with Alliance Professional
Services, was initially emailed to managers in late March as part of a cover letter
that requested their participation and subsequently outlined the survey
requirements. The questionnaire contained 65 open and closed-ended questions
to be completed by each utility manager. To help facilitate the considerable
length of the survey, respondents were assigned a unique login code, which
allowed them to save their progress and continue the survey at multiple intervals.
Survey progress was monitored over the ensuing month and a half, and frequent
follow-up calls were performed to assist and encourage further participation and
detail. Collection of the survey was finally closed in mid-May and the results
processed and detailed in the body of this report.

2.2 Margin Of Error
The margin of error for a 72-sample survey of a 190-element population is at
most + 9.1%. In other words, if all 190 water utility managers in British Columbia
had participated in the survey, the results of that survey would be within no more
than 9.1 percentage points of the results of this one, 19 times out of 20.

10


3.0 DETAILED RESULTS

3.1 GENERAL UTILITY INFORMATION
Q1. How many connections do you service?
IF MORE THAN 10,000:
Number of Connections
Percent Respondents How many?
Serviced
Fewer than 300 12.9% 9 • over 13,000
• 13,500
Between 300 and 1,000 27.1% 19
• 14,000
Between 1,000 and
35.7% 25 • 16,000
5,000 • 17,000 total
Between 5,000 and
5.7% 4 • 19,500
10,000 • 20,960
More than 10,000 18.6% 13 • 24,000
• 28,666 (2002)
Valid Sample 100.0% 70 • 30,000
• 38,000
• 100,000

Q2. What percentages of these connections are:
A. Domestic? B. Agricultural? C. ICI?

Mean Percentage of
83.17% 4.91% 11.92%
Connections By Type

Connections By Type Domestic Agricultural ICI
None (0%) 1.7% 65.0% 8.3%
1-25% 0.0% 30.1% 80.0%
26-50% 3.3% 3.3% 11.7%
51-75% 15.0% 0.0% 0.0%
76-99% 75.0% 0.0% 0.0%
All (100%) 5.0% 1.7% 0.0%

Valid Sample 60 60 60

11


Q3. What is the source of your water supply?

Source of Water Supply Percent Respondents
Surface water 40.6% 28
Groundwater 31.9% 22
Combination of surface
27.5% 19
water and groundwater

Valid Sample 100.0% 69

IF GROUNDWATER PART OF SOURCE: Q4. What is the estimated volume
of groundwater pumped annually?

M3 / Year 1,900,000 82,125,000
3,700 2,150,000 212,000,000
5,000 2,182,461 990,000,000
17,600 2,335,000 Igal / Year
25,375 2,770,000 2,000,000
48,679 2,800,000 11,124,240
150,000 3,300,000 115,000,000
320,000 4,875,460 130,000,000
330,000 6,300,000 160,000,000
550,000 10,680,000 365,000,000
1,041,000 Usgal / Year 410,000,000
1,600,000 60,000,000
Note: Each figure in the table above represents the unique amount specified by each water utility.

12


Q5. What is the projected annual rate of population growth in the area
serviced by your utility?

Projected Rate of
Population Percent Respondents
Growth
0% to 2% 71.4% 50
>2% to 4% 27.1% 19
>4% 1.4 1


Q6. Do you think your existing water license allows for this rate of growth
to the year 2020?

Water License
Will Allow For Percent Respondents
Projected Growth
Yes 64.6% 42
No 23.1% 15
Do not know 12.3% 8


13


Q7. Do you think your existing infrastructure will support this rate of
growth until 2020?

Existing
Infrastructure
Percent Respondents
Will Allow For
Projected Growth
Yes 36.8% 25
No 55.9% 38
Do not know 7.4% 5


Q8a. Are you currently planning system expansion?

Planning System
Percent Respondents
Expansion
Yes 76.8% 53
No 23.2% 16


14


IF PLANNING SYSTEM EXPANSION: Q8b. Are you committing funds for
system expansion?

Committing Funds For
Percent Respondents
System Expansion
Yes 88.2% 45
No 11.8% 6


IF NOT COMMITTING FUNDS: Q9. How do you plan to fund system
expansion?

Plans To Fund System
Percent Mentions
Expansion
Government funding 83.3% 5
Development cost
50.0% 3
charges
Increased customer rates 50.0% 3
Other (See below) 33.3% 2
Public / private
0.0% 0
partnership
Based on 6 respondents who were qualified to answer this question.

‘OTHER’ TYPE OF FUNDING:
• A grant from the GWAIL, which is a trust grant from the provincial government.
• RD funding through an infrastructure grant.

15


Q10. Do you work with an advisory committee that guides you on water
conservation issues?

Work With
Advisory Percent Respondents
Committee
Yes 26.1% 18
No 73.9% 51


Q11. Do you work with stewardship groups to promote water
conservation?

Work With
Stewardship Percent Respondents
Groups
Yes 26.1% 18
No 73.9% 51


16


Q12. Have you embarked on a demand management program to reduce
water consumption?

Have Embarked
Percent Respondents
On DMP
Yes 34.3% 24
No 65.7% 46


IF HAVE NOT EMBARKED ON DMP: Q13. Are you considering
implementing a demand management program?

Considering
Implementing Percent Respondents
DMP
Yes 54.3% 25
No 45.7% 21


17


IF YOU HAVE IMPLEMENTED OR ARE CONSIDERING IMPLEMENTING
DMP: Q14. What percentage of your operating budget will be applied
to such a program?

Percentage of ‘OTHER’ AMOUNTS:
Operating Budget Percentage Respondents
Applied to DMP • Twenty percent
• Seventy-one percent
Zero percent 10.5% 2
One percent 21.1% 4
Two percent 15.8% 3
Three percent 5.3% 1
Four percent 10.5% 2
Five percent 26.3% 5
More than five
10.5% 2
percent


18


Q15. How important are each of the following reasons for embarking on
or considering a demand management system:

Importance of Reason
Reasons For Valid
Implementing DMP A Primary A Secondary Not A Sample
Consideration Consideration Consideration
Increasing infrastructure 62.3% 35.8% 1.9% 53
Limited source quantity 51.9% 30.8% 17.3% 52
Public demand 37.7% 50.9% 11.3% 53
Public apathy / lack of
31.3% 54.2% 14.6% 48
awareness
Aging infrastructure 30.8% 53.8% 15.4% 52
Urban growth 30.8% 51.9% 17.3% 52
Environmental
30.0% 56.0% 14.0% 50
stewardship
Potential drought 28.3% 39.6% 32.1% 53
Impacts on water quality 25.5% 52.9% 21.6% 51
Impacts on fish / habitat
15.7% 41.2% 43.1% 51
flows
Competing uses 12.5% 18.8% 68.8% 48
Adaptation for climate
8.0% 50.0% 42.0% 50
change
Agricultural demands 5.8% 17.3% 76.9% 52

‘OTHER’ REASONS CONSIDERED FOR EMBARKING ON DMP:
• A requirement of the government grant we received for our water plant upgrade.
• Demand management was required by the provincial government to process a new
water license application.
• Loss of fire protection.
• Reduced energy and treatment costs.
• Reduction in water wastes and shift of peak use.

19


Q16. How significant are each of these potential challenges or barriers to
achieving your water conservation objectives:

Significance of Challenge / Barrier
Potential
A Major A Moderate Not A Valid
Challenges /
Challenge/ Challenge/ Challenge/ Sample
Barriers
Barrier Barrier Barrier
Cost 51.6% 35.9% 12.5% 64
Competing priorities 33.9% 35.5% 30.6% 62
Lack of education
and / or 15.9% 55.6% 28.6% 63
communication
Lack of planning 13.1% 50.8% 36.1% 61
Legislative
12.3% 36.8% 50.9% 57
inadequacies
Jurisdictional
12.3% 36.8% 50.9% 57
complexities
Lack of data 10.9% 37.5% 51.6% 64
Lack of coordination /
cooperation among 9.7% 46.8% 43.5% 62
stakeholders

‘OTHER’ CHALLENGES OR BARRIERS OF SIGNIFICANCE:
• Land claim issues.
• Political will to charge.
• SEKID's demand program focused on agricultural water use because it is about eighty-
five percent.
• Willingness of reducing water waste.

20


Q17. “Performance Measures” compare the observed results of water
conservation tools to intended results. Is your utility using performance
measures to determine if you have achieved your water conservation
objectives?

Using
Performance Percent Respondents
Measures
Yes 29.2% 19
No 70.8% 46


IF USING PERFORMANCE MEASURES: Q18. What data are you collecting
to measure performance?

• A daily water demand, which is system wide, weather conditions and power
consumption records.
• Average daily consumption peak and daily consumption.
• Continuous flow monitor.
• Daily demand trial metering program.
• Flow monitoring data.
• Individual water use by property, annual water use by district, and water supply
and storage inventory.
• Limited data because all customers are not metered. We are using treatment
plant production numbers.
• Meter reading data.
• Overall liters per capita per day, demand by ICI sectors peak day use by
member municipalities.
• Residential consumption per capita and summer consumption peak.
• The amount of water going out compared to that coming in.
• The annual power consumption.
• Water consumption rates each day.
• Water meters.

21


IF NOT CURRENTLY USING PERFORMANCE MEASURES: Q19. Are you
considering using performance measures in the future?

Considering
Using PM’s In Percent Respondents
Future
Yes 47.8% 22
No 21.7% 10
Do not know 30.4% 14


Q20A. “Best Management Practices” are industry-accepted procedures
used by organisations to maximise the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of
specific initiatives. Please indicate which areas, if any, your utility is using
best management practices in:

Currently Considering Valid
Best Management Practices Neither
Using Using Sample
Water accountability / establishing
a metering plan to account for 30.5% 44.1% 25.4% 59
water use and losses
Developing a water distribution
30.4% 41.1% 28.6% 56
system renewal plan
Water conservation 27.1% 49.2% 23.7% 59
Cross connection control 27.1% 39.0% 33.9% 59
Reducing losses in transmission
25.9% 44.8% 29.3% 58
and distribution systems
Uni-directional flushing 25.0% 26.7% 48.3% 60
Water utility planning 24.6% 33.3% 42.1% 57
Water pricing and rates setting 23.7% 40.7% 35.6% 59
Deterioration and inspection of
21.7% 43.3% 35.0% 60
water distribution systems

22


Q20B. Now, for each of the above BMPs that your utility is currently
using or considering, please describe its origin:

Water conservation:
• BCWWA 2 mentions
• Ad hoc
• AWWA
• AWWA and EPCORE developed programs.
• Developed internally.
• Metering
• Water conservation study by Dayton & Knight Ltd.

Cross connection control:
• AWWA 3 mentions
• BCWWA 2 mentions
• AWWA and BCWWA.
• BCWWA cross connection control course.
• Internally. Public Works Inspection prior to connecting to a Municipal Utility.
• Staff trained in CCC Survey program management.
• Ted Van der Gulik

Uni-directional flushing:
• AWWA 3 mentions
• AWWA BCWWA 2 mentions
• BCWWA
• BCWWA distribution courses and SAC manuals.
• Consultants
• Consulting Engineer
• EPCORE developed and marketed product.
• Internally. Public Works flushes from source to the outlying distribution areas.

Deterioration and inspection of water distribution systems:
• AWWA
• AWWA and BCWWA.
• BCWWA
• Engineering firm.
• EPCORE developed product.
• Replacing all old cast iron distribution lines with PVC.
• Reviewed with Consulting Engineer.
• This is not done. We currently keep track of the ages of pipe and the material.

23


Q20B. continued
Reducing losses in transmission and distribution systems:
• As above, we are replacing all old cast iron distribution lines with PVC.
• AWWA
• AWWA and BCWWA.
• AWWA and Epcor expertise.
• BCWWA
• IWA

Water accountability / establishing a metering plan to account for water use
and losses:
• Ad hoc
• AWWA and BCWWA.
• BCWWA
• District of Port Hardy and an EPCOR plan.
• Have started industrial and commercial metering program. We are about
seventy-five percent complete.
• Only commercial on meters. No funds to put residential on meters.
• Self

Water pricing and rates setting:
• Agriculture only and this was developed internally.
• As above, we have started industrial and commercial metering program. We
are about seventy-five percent complete.
• AWWA
• AWWA and BCWWA
• AWWA and Port Hardy.
• In-house
• Staff currently amending water bylaw and fees. Consistently being monitored
and compared to operating costs and neighboring municipalities.

24


Q20B. continued
Water utility planning:
• AWWA
• AWWA and BCWWA.
• BCWWA
• Epcor and AWWA.
• In-house
• Subdivision expansion, rural water line expansion.
• This is updated every two to three years.
• We have budgeted in 2004 an update to our 1994 Dayton & Knight Water
Supply Study.

Developing a water distribution system renewal plan:
• AWWA
• AWWA and BCWWA.
• Consultant and water model.
• Internal planning.
• Line replacement in progress and is ongoing for over twenty years.
• As above, we have budgeted in 2004 an update to our 1994 Dayton & Knight
Water Supply Study.

Other BMP'S currently being used or considered:
• Hydrometric assessment of watershed.
• Water audits of municipal facilities. Using artificial neural networks to reduce
chemical costs and optimize water quality. Benchmarking.

25


Q21. Where do you get technical information to help you manage your
system?

Sources of Technical
Percent Mentions
Information
Consultants 54.0% 34
Water related associations 52.4% 33
Seminars / conferences 46.0% 29
Reference materials 39.7% 25
Other water utilities 38.1% 24
Other (See below) 11.1% 7
Based on 63 respondents who provided a response to this question.

‘OTHER’ SOURCES:
• Benchmarking with other utilities and industries.
• Department of Health Officer.
• EPA and Canadian Drinking Water Guidelines.
• Our own internal modeling.
• Parts distributors.
• Provincial and Federal agencies.
• The web.

26


3.2 BCWWA WATER SUSTAINABILITY COMMITTEE WEBSITE
A website focusing on timely water issues and initiatives is in the early
stages of development by the BCWWA Water Sustainability Committee.
Intended for all stakeholders in BC, the website would provide up-to-date
information about programs, water management initiatives, best
management practices, and utility specific success stories. It would also
provide opportunities for information sharing and discussion.

Q22. As a potential resource for your department, would you consider
such a website to be an invaluable tool or resource, an occasionally helpful
tool or resource, or of no real help or benefit?

Perceived Value Of
Percent Respondents
BCWWA Website
An invaluable tool /
31.3% 20
resource
An occasionally helpful
62.5% 40
tool / resource
Of no real help or benefit 1.6% 1
Do not know 4.7% 3


Q23A. If you support the development of such a website, what
components, features, and services would you like to see included?

• Approved water use fixtures outside watering tips.
• BMP, water management initiatives, seminars and courses.
• Calculation of user rates, programs for unaccounted losses, public relations and
communications.
• Case histories of various communities with water conservation methods, capital
and costs of various municipal plants and distribution systems.
• Consumption and some characteristics.
• Cross connection practices, treatment problem solving, source protection,
testing problems and practices and cost saving measures.
• Current technologies and updates.

27


Q23A. continued
• Groundwater issues and water treatment.
• High degree of user friendliness. Make navigation easy.
• Information on small water systems.
• Latest legislation online, such as drinking water and a question and answer
section or forum.
• Links to their industry sites, regulations, manufactures, associations, research
organizations, information on incoming regulatory changes, other industry
news, and an exchange of ideas and information.
• Material specifications and BMPs.
• My preference would be that this function would be better handled by a
government ministry, such as WLAP, where there would be less influence by
commercial interests.
• Not on Internet or public works.
• Posted BMPs with links to their locations, case studies, program development
examples and opportunities to post.
• Product lines, troubleshooting, guides resource and directories.
• Programs, training, conservation methods, new initiatives, best management
practices, plus changes in legislation.
• Such a website would be most useful if it sets out to promote and support
specific actions of reducing water wastes and optimizing system peak
distribution by advocating new technologies, regulations or policies, and
information on available resources.
• Training to use a computer.
• Water conservation frequently asked questions in a downloadable format.
• Water restriction policies, enforcements, water meter hints, bylaws, procedures,
and etceteras.
• We do not have high-speed Internet and have difficulty accessing some
websites.
• While water sustainability is important, our biggest challenge at this time is
satisfying all the legal requirements under the drinking water protection act.
Perhaps it would be helpful if some attention could be focused on this issue
also.

28


Q23B. If you do not support the websites development or would not use
it, what could be added to make it a useful tool or resource for your
department?

• AWWA has a website so piggy back with the CWWA and BCWWA sites.
Provide a special informational section. Providing another source is duplication
and not beneficial to the CWWA and BCWWA sites.
• Information sharing and discussion, and best management practices would be
useful.
• Water management initiatives in other communities, cost related information
associated initiatives and derived benefits.

29


3.3 OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT TOOLS

Q24. Please indicate which operations and management tools are in place or
are being considered by your utility:

Currently Being Don't Valid
Operations / Management Tools Neither
In Place Considered Know Sample
Emergency response plan 69.0% 25.9% 5.2% 0.0% 58
Commercial / Industrial metering 65.5% 15.5% 19.0% 0.0% 58
Water supply upgrades 51.7% 32.8% 15.5% 0.0% 58
Voluntary water restrictions 50.0% 20.7% 25.9% 3.4% 58
Computer upgrades 47.5% 18.6% 33.9% 0.0% 59
Watershed protection 44.8% 37.9% 13.8% 3.4% 58
Leak-detection program 31.0% 43.1% 24.1% 1.7% 58
Residential metering 23.7% 49.2% 25.4% 1.7% 59
Agricultural metering 23.2% 12.5% 62.5% 1.8% 56
Water audits 21.8% 27.3% 43.6% 7.3% 55
Benchmarking 17.9% 21.4% 42.9% 17.9% 56
Sector demand study or pilot 15.8% 22.8% 47.4% 14.0% 57
Climate comfort systems 13.8% 12.1% 65.5% 8.6% 58
Pilot programs or projects 13.0% 16.7% 59.3% 11.1% 54
"Green" design / Smartgrowth 12.1% 19.0% 55.2% 13.8% 58
Voluntary in-home, low-low fixture program 10.3% 31.0% 50.0% 8.6% 58
Xeriscaping program 7.1% 16.1% 58.9% 17.9% 56
Low-flow fixture / retrofit program 5.2% 31.0% 55.2% 8.6% 58
Water reclamation, re-use, recycling programs 5.2% 22.4% 63.8% 8.6% 58
Agricultural / irrigation technologies & programs 3.5% 8.8% 73.7% 14.0% 57
Residential technologies and programs 3.4% 15.5% 63.8% 17.2% 58
Industrial & commercial technologies / programs 3.4% 10.3% 67.2% 19.0% 58

30


Q24. continued
‘OTHER’ OPERATIONS / MANAGEMENT TOOLS:

CURRENTLY IN PLACE

• A “Water Wise" program outlining a five-year plan to reduce water use.

BEING CONSIDERED

• Low flush toilet fixtures and sprinkler restrictions in the summer.
• Training seminars and PM programs.
• Weekly education programs.

NOT SPECIFIED WHETHER CURRENTLY IN PLACE OR BEING CONSIDERED

• A telemetry system from water release for storage to greatly reduce waste.
• Peak demand reduction programs and customer cost sharing.
• Public education on conservation.
• Water conservation such as sprinkling enforcement.

31


Q25. Which operations and management tool would you consider most effective
in helping achieve your water conservation objectives? Why?

• Metering 5 mentions
• Best management practices.
• Bylaw implementations.
• Customer education and awareness. If the customer does not understand the
need, they will not buy into the process.
• Demand study so we can locate other sources of water.
• Educating the user because they use the resource.
• Education and dole values, agriculture and possibly meters for residential.
• Education. For a small cost a lot can be accomplished.
• Education; low flow fixtures. Water is too easy to waste.
• Flow monitoring and commercial and residential metering.
• Kid’s education program.
• Leak detection of the old infrastructure.
• Leak detection, as we are able to quantify how much the system is leaking.
• Mandatory watering restrictions and low flow fixture installation in new pumps.
• Metering for tracking of consumption and to identify problem areas.
• Metering. Direct customer accountability through customer and pay philosophy.
• Meters. People with meters use less water. They have been in place here since the early 60's.
• One sprinkler and water early morning or evening.
• Public education on education and voluntary restrictions.
• Public involvement.
• Residential metering and high irrigation demands.
• Residential metering over capacity in summer.
• Residential metering, customer awareness and a great planning tool, watering audits,
assist with customer awareness and social marketing strategy, leak detection,
demonstrate utility commitment also allows for up to a ten percent reduction in losses.
• Residential metering.
• Residential metering. Give public a greater awareness of water as valuable resource.
• Residential metering. User pay system should slow careless use.
• SCADA. Currently only have bi-monthly meter reads.
• Sprinkling enforcement and reduce peak fines and therefore capital and operating costs.
• Sprinkling restrictions and a thirty percent reduction.
• The system has only twenty-five connections so this portion of this system is
the most useful tool.
• There are no current water conservation objectives.
• Universal metering.
• Water meters and knowledge to users.
• Water meters, increasing block toll rate and public education.
• Water Smart program has a twelve-year proven effectiveness.
• Water supply upgrade improved quality.

32


Q26. What is 1 major challenge or barrier to implementing or maximizing
the effectiveness of operations and management tools?

• Cost 7 mentions
• Budget constraints.
• Budget to complete residential metering.
• Cost and public acceptance.
• Cost of implementation.
• Council and old habits, tax dollars and most do not want to pay.
• Decision maker and customer misunderstanding of the water meter as the tool
that benefits all lack of understanding of the relationships between metering
and customer education.
• Educating the user because they use the resource.
• Funding
• Getting people to realize the price of water. It is harder to convey to the older
generation.
• Human resources.
• Human Resources. One person to develop plans for all infrastructures.
• Inequity, different rules for municipalities and improvement district mismanaged
municipalities and get money for not operating well.
• It is voluntary.
• Lack of funds. The system is too small to be economical.
• Lack of personnel resources.
• Money and changing old ways of thought.
• Political and cost.
• Political and the public’s will to accept water metering.
• Public awareness.
• Public perception that water should be free.
• Public resistance.
• Remove scale rates from bylaw schedule.
• Resources
• Staff time and budget.
• The competing priorities of capital planning and long range plan.
• The cost of implementing and maintaining universal metering is major barrier.
• The low cost of and abundance of water.
• This is what was always done.
• Time and resources.
• Water supply for fire protection.

33


Q27. How could the following sectors help you use operations and
management tools more effectively?

Federal government:
• Grants 8 mentions
• Funding 3 mentions
• More money 2 mentions
• Agricultural metering program and farm education.
• Approve the green grant for meters that has been applied for.
• Bring cost down.
• Broader input on promised legislation changes.
• It depends on the size of the meter and funding.
• Education and money for upgrades.
• Funding support and national policy of water conservation.
• Global direction and Environment Canada’s global warning studies to confirm
long-term trends.
• HRDC money for training or part-time students.
• Infrastructure program setting clearer goal posts.
• Mandate metering in the building codes.
• Measurement Canada should not enter into area of consumer testing of water meters.
• Regulation and funding.

Provincial government:
• Grants 7 mentions
• Adoption of mandatory programs legislation.
• Agricultural metering program and farm education.
• Bring cost down.
• Change the code.
• Establishing value of water promoting efficient use of water.
• Infrastructure program and setting clearer goal posts.
• Legislation, education and money.
• Mandate all new home use water efficient fixtures and have it simple so you
know what is a water saver.
• More money.
• Provide funds and education.
• Regulation and funding.
• Same rules for everyone and legislate water meters.
• Seminars and information tools such as a website.
• Stop downloading.
• Training.

34


Q27. continued
Regional government:
• All users pay.
• Combined planning for adjacent utilities.
• Consistent approach to public awareness.
• Education.
• Funding.
• Grants.
• Improve co-operation.
• Improve O&M of bulk water supply meters.
• Legislation and education of users.
• More cash and more commitment.
• Provide funds and education.
• Public awareness.
• Regional management strategies and regional education.
• Regional water supply.
• Standardized resources.
• They need to consult with water purveyors.
• Training and expertise.
• Understanding educating customers on true cost of service to supply.

Private Sector:
• Better-qualified technical sales representatives.
• Consulting for specific projects.
• Education and encouragement.
• Education and communication.
• Improved awareness.
• Listen.
• More aggressive approaches to partnerships.
• Promote low volume fixtures and recapping.
• Promote low water use products by selling them and offer workshops on low
water use products.
• Responsible water use and planning for water efficiency.
• Technical support.

35


Q27. continued
NGO / Volunteer Sector:
• Education 2 mentions
• Change a wasteful mindset.
• Involve them based on partnerships.
• Limited, although there is potential.
• Promote the value of water and promote value of environment.
• Provide reasonable and common sense solutions.
• Public forum and education.
• Water conservation gardens.

Professional Associations:
• Continued professional development of members to promote water
conservation.
• Creative system designs and current adoption of water saving and
management devices.
• Design and an advice liaison with Federal land Provincial government.
• Develop a common action plan.
• Ensure associations advise and decision makes regulatory of industry trends
and perspectives.
• Incorporate water conservation methods into planning and building, facilities
and subdivisions.
• Key in providing training.
• Newsletters and training.
• Provide ongoing training in specific areas.
• Selling ideas for water conservation.
• Technology review and promotion.
• Training.

36


Q28. Please describe any successes your utility has had with a particular
operations or management tool, such as might help other utilities realize
their water conservation objectives.

Specifics:
• A study on our agriculture meter program is available from MAFF and an
internal report is available from SEKID's website.
• Cost efficient leakage analysis and measure winter and night time flows.
• Education of growers for water use reduction.
• Enforced water restrictions.
• Enforcement of sprinkling regulations has reduced our peak demand by about
forty-five percent.
• Industrial water meters.
• Metering.
• Pilot meter replacement program.
• Power reduction planning and groundwater studies for recharge and protection.
• Recent water restrictions and monitoring.
• Reduced water demand by twenty percent through leak detection program.
• Summer lawn sprinkling restriction to twice a week.
• The educational programs aimed at the Vancouver elementary school and the
public. Namely the school play, A2Z of H2O and the Water Wise Gardening
Grow Natural program. The objective to the school play is to make future
generations aware and the Grow Natural Water Wise Gardening is aimed at
adults.
• Water audit, benchmarking, leak detection, public education and infrastructure
upgrades.
• Water conservation programs have achieved a twenty percent reduction to
date, significant capital deferral, social marketing strategy and partnerships
work.
• Water restrictions, newspaper advertisements and school education program.
• Water Smart bike patrol and in school education.
• We are just in the midst of implementing initiatives.
• We are too early in our process to determine successes.
• Without executive metering it is difficult to tell how effective specific measures.
However the stage three plus stage four measures, implemented by the GORO
were effective.

37


Q28. continued
Performance Targets and Measures / Indicators:
• Ability run our Okanagan Lake and inter convection.
• Demand reduction has resulted in a twenty-five percent off the peak energy
cost savings.
• It is difficult to measure and quantify attitude changes of the public.
• Metering.
• Not clearly defined.
• Reduce consumption.
• Reduce power bills and better groundwater management.
• Shooting for twenty-five to thirty percent reduction.
• They pay for what they use.
• We will be monitoring our water demands.

Water Savings:
• Unknown 2 mentions
• A twenty percent reduction.
• About fifteen percent in peak reduction since 1993.
• Average twenty-three percent reduction in peak-day use.
• Cut back on water use.
• Increasing block toll rates and water meters.
• Reduces pumping costs.
• Somewhere between twenty-two percent and thirty-two percent.
• Ten to twelve percent.
• Yes.

Cost Savings:
• Unknown 3 mentions
• A cost-benefit analysis shows a conservative 1:1:5 ratio.
• Capital program over twenty years has reduced from nineteen million to twenty-
seven million dollars.
• Efficient testing of pump systems replacement of old pumps.
• Estimate average $75,000 per year in power cost savings plus $300,000per
year in deferred capital projects over past twelve years.
• It is hard to measure because of upgrades on old system.
• Reduced maintenance and hydro costs and reduced treatment costs.
• Yes.

38


3.4 LEAD-BY-EXAMPLE TOOLS

Q29. Please indicate how your utility is leading by example:

Type Of Lead By Currently Being Don't Valid
Neither
Example Tool Using Considered Know Sample
Operator education /
74.5% 12.7% 9.1% 3.6% 55
training
Employee education 50.0% 25.9% 22.2% 1.9% 54
Water conservation
applied to operations and 46.3% 27.8% 24.1% 1.9% 54
maintenance
Early leak detection and
45.5% 29.1% 23.6% 1.8% 55
repair
Efficient outdoor water
34.0% 24.5% 41.5% 0.0% 53
use and landscaping
Education for elected 53
32.1% 28.3% 32.1% 7.5%
officials
Conservation library 22.9% 16.7% 54.2% 6.3% 48
Low-flow fixture or retrofit
22.6% 28.3% 45.3% 3.8% 53
program
Reduced water pressure
18.5% 14.8% 61.1% 5.6% 54
in buildings
Greywater recycling 1.9% 18.9% 75.5% 3.8% 53

‘OTHER’ WAYS UTILITY IS LEADING BY EXAMPLE:
• At present it is not.
• Extensive customer interaction and social marketing.
• Mandatory low flow fixture bylaw.
• Presentation and trade publication presentations.
• Research and testing innovative technologies.
• Retrofitting local parks to reuse water.

39


Q30. Which lead-by-example tool would you consider most effective in
helping achieve your water conservation objectives? Why?

• Efficient outdoor water use and landscaping. 2 mentions
• Any initiatives that supports less water usage.
• Applied water conservation education.
• Demonstrate examples of customers who are responding and take the
education and information to the customer right in their neighborhood.
• Early leak detection. Lower water consumption and easier on the water
system.
• Education for elected officials so that they have a better understanding of
challenges to water conservation.
• Education for elected officials.
• Education for elected officials. This will lead to implementation of water
conservation measures and their funding.
• Efficient outdoor water use and landscaping. The greatest increase in demand
occurs in summer months due to lawn sprinkling.
• Efficient outdoor water use in all parks, use only what is necessary and time
clocks.
• Employee education.
• Irrigating town green spaces during dawn and dusk hours. A lot of wasted
water used for sprinkling and watering.
• Low flow fixtures.
• Low flow toilets and education.
• Meter and current data.
• Operator education and training. If you do not have properly trained personnel
operating your system how can you justify any of the other examples? It starts
there and builds outward.
• Parks computerized irrigation. You can see the results and measure the
savings. An estimated thirty percent of water lies used in parks.
• Part of our system is metered.
• Public isolation.
• Pump station and underground irrigation systems of timers.
• Water meter.
• With such a small system, conservation it is not an issue.

40


Q31. What is 1 major challenge or barrier to implementing or maximizing
the effectiveness lead-by-example tools?

• Cost 3 mentions
• A lack of resources.
• A lack of water use data.
• Budget for larger capital retrofits.
• Changing bylaws and plumbing codes.
• Communication and lack of understanding.
• Cost and education of elected officials.
• Cost of hiring additional staff.
• Costs to reduce water pressure.
• Funding.
• Funding and political desire.
• Money.
• Most of the year the reservoir is overflowing and people can see this and do not
practice conservation.
• Old mindset, resistance to change and thoughtlessness.
• Performance monitoring and reporting.
• Plentiful supply with low treatment costs.
• Political will.
• Public education and council members that abuse water use.
• Public objectives.
• Show case of maintenance and minimal water use.
• The misconception and misunderstanding by politicians and decision makers.
More work needs to occur to develop and to begin at this level and to show
time cost of water.
• There is no strategic plan in place to direct conservation.

41


Q32. How could the following sectors help you use lead-by-example tools
more effectively?

Federal government:
• Grants. 6 mentions
• Money. 2 mentions
• Education.
• Financial subsidy and product guidelines.
• Funding.
• Have countrywide programs.
• Improved grants for conservation initiatives.
• Legislation and funding.
• NRC and IRC representation at more conferences or workshops.
• Tie all funding assistance to water efficient implementation.

• Auto shut off and building taps with low flow devices.
• Education.
• Improved grants for conservation initiatives.
• Include in building codes water use fixtures.
• Legislation and funding.
• Money.
• Partnerships
• Regulations.
• As with the Federal Government, tie all funding assistance to water efficient
implementation.

• Money.
• Adapting and demonstrating regional affective practices.
• Education and legislation.
• Expertise.
• Grants.
• Harmonized bylaws and programs.
• Initiatives and reward those communities and individuals who do well.
• More cash.
• Offer grants.
• Set an example by charging bylaws.
• Some sort of participation.

42


Q32. continued
Private Sector:
• Be responsible and acknowledgment of value of water.
• Information and education.
• Lead by example.
• Listen.
• Motivations.
• Ongoing.

• Education.
• Participation in other sectors.
• Promote efficient water use and promote environment protection.
• School education.

• Design and install water saving devices.
• Educate and use proven methods elsewhere.
• Experience.
• Newsletters.
• Ongoing.
• Standards.
• Technical input.

43


lead-by-example tool, such as might help other utilities realize their water
conservation objectives.

Specifics:
• A proactive leak survey program, Water Wise gardening, Rain Barrel program
and education.
• Bylaw enforcement water regulator.
• Early leak detection, training and reduced pressure.
• Education of selected officials, foster a culture to conserve within the
corporation and work with media and community stakeholders.
• Employee education.
• Operator education.
• Power audit.
• Reservoir cleaning.
• Sprinkling restrictions.
• Too early in the process to determine successes.
• Water restrictions during summer.

• Education of grower and domestic irrigation users.
• Reduced operating costs.
• Three year pay back of infrastructure improvement from new equipment.
• Well-managed system.

Water Savings:
• A twenty percent reduction.
• Fifteen percent in water savings.
• Less water used in parks by information and education.
• The tanks are not drained.

Cost Savings:
• Labor, materials and equipment saved two-thirds the normal cost.
• Significant capital cost savings to customers.
• The data provided by leak surveys is valuable for proving court cases.
• Thirty percent in power savings.

44


3.5 RESIDENTIAL EDUCATION AND CONSULTATION TOOLS

Q34. Please indicate which education / consultation tools are in place or
being considered by your utility for residential users:

Education / Currently Being Don't Valid
Neither
Consultation Tools In Place Considered Know Sample
Media 61.1% 9.3% 29.6% 0.0% 54
Information with billing 58.5% 22.6% 17.0% 1.9% 53
Stand-alone publications 53.7% 11.1% 33.3% 1.9% 54
Website 44.4% 27.8% 27.8% 0.0% 54
Community events 31.5% 22.2% 46.3% 0.0% 54
School programs, events
31.5% 16.7% 48.1% 3.7% 54
and / or contests
Publications for school
29.1% 18.2% 49.1% 3.6% 55
children
Workshops & seminars 20.8% 17.0% 60.4% 1.9% 53
Public opinion survey 18.5% 16.7% 63.0% 1.9% 54
Citizen committee / task
17.0% 13.2% 64.2% 5.7% 53
force
Eco-education programs 15.4% 11.5% 67.3% 5.8% 52
Awards or recognition 13.2% 11.3% 69.8% 5.7% 53
Outdoor advertising 11.5% 21.2% 65.4% 1.9% 52
Student representatives
active in community 10.9% 16.4% 65.5% 7.3% 55
outreach
Focus groups 7.5% 17.0% 71.7% 3.8% 53
Referendum 3.9% 21.6% 70.6% 3.9% 51

“OTHER” EDUCATION / CONSULTATION TOOLS:

• Co-ordination through water conservation Co-ordinators.
• Internet discussion.
• Public open house.

45


Q35. Which education / consultation tool would you consider most
effective in helping achieve your water conservation objectives for
residential users? Why?

• Information with billing. 4 mentions
• Education on efficient use of limits to supplies. Higher costs and lower quality.
• I do not know. There is no way to monitor the effectiveness of the education
program.
• Information with billing and stand-alone publications gets the message to the
user. School education is a great idea to instill conservation at young age.
• Lawn sprinkling regulation.
• Media.
• Media and broadcast distribution of message.
• Media and public education over the radio and newspaper has shown definite
per capita decrease in consumption.
• Media campaign, community outreach, information on website on water usage
and cost and methods to conserve.
• Media coverage because it is free publicity when stories are publicized on Rain
Barrels, Water Wise Gardening, mulching, composting, etceteras.
• Metering plus education.
• Public opinion survey.
• Public programs.
• Referendum and metering proven to lower usage.
• School programs are an effective way of informing reading parents.
• School watershed visits.
• Stand alone publication and notices at post office.
• Stand alone publications and school programs.
• Students because they teach the older people to shut off taps.
• Water meters.
• Water Smart Bike team in school education.
• Website and billing.

46


Q36. What is 1 major challenge / barrier to implementing or maximizing
the effectiveness education / consultation for residential users?

• Buy, touch sell and cost.
• Changing the mind set regarding water conservation issues.
• Changing the old style thought process. There is plenty of water with the use
as much as I want to attitude.
• Cost.
• Cost and pressures.
• Decision makers, communities and understanding of refits of metering, proper
rates and education as a package.
• Dollars.
• Funding, staffing and political will.
• It is difficult to have people recognize the value of water.
• Knowing how effective it is.
• No adopted communication plan.
• Past practice.
• Public understanding.
• Residential user’s resistance to change despite being informed of water
conservation.
• Resources.
• Staff time to co-ordinate, implement and manage.
• The lack of financial impact until metering is in place.
• The lack of long-term vision in water resources and its impacts on communities.
• The lack of resources.
• Time to implement.
• Water hogs.
• We have a lot of seniors and people that do not seem to care.

47


Q37. How could the following sectors help you use education /
consultation tools for residential users more effectively?

Federal government:
• Education.
• Information that exists in order to promote.
• Long-term policy.
• More exposure and policy on conservation tied to funding.
• Possibly legislation restrictions.
• Provide funding for infrastructure that must promote water as a motherhood
issue, promote how precious water is and show how to use it efficiently.
• Provide money.
• Provide more advertisement funding from a Federal level.
• Standard programs and material.

• As above; tie funding to grants and assistance.
• Education
• Have solid waste, such as garbage and recycling and water conservation as
part of the school curriculum. Elementary aged kids are the future residential
users.
• Possibly legislation restrictions.
• Provide money.
• As above, information that exists in order to promote.
• School curriculum and programs.

• Come together on the issue with a united view.
• Common advertising campaign to promote water use efficiency.
• Education and more cash.
• Education, legislating local by-laws and metering.
• Expertise.
• Expose regional water challenges.
• Mandate community outreach.
• Provide money.
• As above, information that exists in order to promote.

48


Q37. continued
Private Sector:
• Affordability of changing equipment and practices the participation.
• Green development.
• Not to carry or support products that do meet water conservation goals.
• Promote low volume fixtures and Xeriscaping.
• Promote products and services and partner.
• Provide money.

• Community associations and ask them to be involved.
• Organization
• Promote conservation efforts.

• BMPs.
• Newsletters.
• Promote and make available efficient products.
• Show cost savings realized elsewhere.
• Work with the above as a voice of the industry.

49


education tool for residential users, such as might help other utilities
realize their water conservation objectives.

Specifics:
• Bike patrol to inform and educate public in wise use of water.
• Door hangers advising of restrictions and explaining why.
• Lawn sprinkling regulation.
• Media and information.
• Peak demands reduction pilot programs, school programs, community tent
events education and media advertising.
• Provide reasons for restrictions to consumers.
• School programs on conservation, radio and newspaper advertisements on
conservation tips.
• The school play A2Z of H2O aimed at school children, Rain Barrel program,
Water Wise Gardening Grow Natural program.
• We feel mail outs with billing is effective.

• Fifty community tent events in 2004 and consumption education of an additional
sixteen percent by area serviced.
• Cost savings with reduced usage.
• To cut water consumption in high summer use.

Water Savings:
• Twenty percent today and then achieved additional fifteen is being sought.

Cost Savings:
• Huge capital cost savings and deferral of infrastructure.
• When consumption is cut the city pays less in electrical, cost and pump
statistics and groundwater.

50


consultation tool for residential, such as might help other utilities realize
their water conservation objectives.

Specifics:
• Consultation is an educational tool.
• Water audit and committee of interested parties.

51


3.6 AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION AND CONSULTATION TOOLS

Q40. Please indicate which education / consultation tools are in place or
being considered by your utility for ICI and agricultural users:

Education / Currently Being Valid
Neither
Consultation Tool Using Considered Sample
Information with billing 38.5% 20.5% 41.0% 39
Website 35.9% 17.9% 46.2% 39
Voluntary watering
32.4% 8.1% 59.5% 37
restrictions
Stand-alone publications 30.6% 8.3% 61.1% 36
Media 29.7% 13.5% 56.8% 37
Community events 25.0% 13.9% 61.1% 36
Citizen committee / task
12.5% 12.5% 75.0% 32
force
Workshops & seminars 11.8% 11.8% 76.5% 34
Eco-education programs 11.4% 11.4% 77.1% 35
Outdoor advertising 9.1% 18.2% 72.7% 33
Focus groups 9.1% 21.2% 69.7% 33
Public opinion survey 6.3% 6.3% 87.5% 32
Voluntary low-flow fixture
5.9% 29.4% 64.7% 34
program
Referendum 3.0% 18.2% 78.8% 33

‘OTHER’ EDUCATION / CONSULTATION TOOLS:
• Audits one and two.
• Encouraging water audits.
• Metering.

52


Q41. Then indicate since what year or, if being considered, what year it is
being considered for:

Media Workshops & seminars
• 2004
• 2004 2 mentions
Focus groups
Information with billing
• 2004
• 2004 2 mentions
Citizen committee / task force
Stand-alone publications
• 2004
• 2004 2 mentions
• 1994
Voluntary watering restrictions
Community events • 2004
• 2004 2 mentions
Voluntary low-flow fixture program
Outdoor advertising • 2004
• 2004
Other
Website • 2004 (Encouraging water audits)
• 2004 2 mentions
• 2003

53

2004 BC-Wide Benchmark Survey of Water Utility Practices –May 2004

Q42. Which education / consultation tool would you consider most effective in
helping achieve your water conservation objectives for ICI and agricultural
users? Why?

• Accurate metering coupled with quarterly billing will usually regulate growth for most
businesses.
• Audits get to see how they can save money.
• Mail outs and water commission assistance is educating growers.
• Media and billing information.
• Metering due to increasing costs for more water.
• No agricultural connections.
• No targeted program for this group.
• None in place or planned.
• Referendum and metering proven to lower the volume usage.
• Same approach as residential however more focus on inside and process reduction
virtually no agricultural customers.
• The ICI and agricultural users are metered and mostly optimized already through
water audits as a result of being metered.
• The website is easily accessible and modern interesting media.
• We do not specifically target ICI we do provide info for all users.
• We have no users in the city.

Q43. What is 1 major challenge or barrier to implementing or maximizing the
effectiveness of education / consultation tools for ICI and agricultural users?

• Funding.
• Political unwillingness.
• Political will and resources.
• Political will and water board is elected by people most interested in water, such as
orchardists.
• Price of ICI water creating incentives to count capital to improve processes.
• The cost of metering.
• There seems to be no interest at the moment.
• Water is too cheap.

- 54 -


Q44. How could the following sectors help you use education / consultation
tools for ICI and agricultural users more effectively?

Federal government:
• Grants.
• Grants and education.
• Mandated legislation.
• Money.
• Provide grants and operating system retrofits that could reduce consumption.

• Grants.
• Grants and education.
• Money.
• Require mandatory water audits through legislation.

• Cash and education.
• Enforce outcomes of provincial water audits.
• Expertise.
• Help with costs. You pay fifty percent of metering costs and installation costs.

Private Sector:
• Become a steward in the community.

• Newsletters.
• Work with ICI and agricultural sector.

- 55 -


education / consultation tool for ICI or agricultural users, such as might help
other utilities realize their water conservation objectives.

Specifics:
• Education of growers for water use reduction.
• Meters reduced ICI use.
• We conducted ICI facility assessments on water conservation.

• Reduce ICI by a further ten percent.

- 56 -


3.7 ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL TOOLS

Q46. Please indicate which economic or financial tools are in place or being
considered by your utility to promote water conservation:

Economic / Financial Currently Being Don't Valid
Neither
Tools In Place Considered Know Sample
Analysis / study of
universal metering or 33.3% 27.5% 35.3% 3.9% 51
metering pilot
Cost / benefit analysis of
current programs / 28.0% 16.0% 52.0% 4.0% 50
projects
Assessment of pricing
26.0% 46.0% 24.0% 4.0% 50
structure
Service charges 22.2% 8.9% 68.9% 0.0% 45
Fines for excess use 18.4% 16.3% 61.2% 4.1% 49
Inclining block rate
15.7% 25.5% 51.0% 7.8% 51
structure
Incentives / grants to
organizations conserving 4.0% 20.0% 72.0% 4.0% 50
water
Seasonal rate structure 2.0% 17.6% 70.6% 9.8% 51
Rebates 0.0% 14.0% 78.0% 8.0% 50

- 57 -


Q47. Which economic or financial tool would you consider most effective in

• Appropriate rate structure because money talks.
• Assessment of pricing.
• Billing and user pay rates.
• Cost benefit and cost service to council and inclining block rate and incentives to
reduce cost sharing.
• Fines.
• Fines and additional use charges for customers who do not follow restrictions.
• Incentives and grants because it encourages conservation and is fair and equitable.
• Inclining block rate.
• Increasing block rate.
• Metering study and analysis.
• Price structure and people respond to incentives.
• Rebate. It comes down to cost savings to the public and what they can afford.
• Service charges.
• Study for metering.
• Universal metering study.

effectiveness of economic or financial tools?

• Cost at implantation.
• Initial and ongoing challenge is funding barriers.
• No residential metering.
• None
• Not a concern.
• People’s perception that there is a lot of water and it should be free.
• Political will to charge what treated water is worth.

- 58 -


Q49. How could the following sectors help you use economic and financial tools
more effectively?

Federal government:
• Financial incentives for efficient systems.
• Funding.
• Infrastructure grants.
• Resource library.
• Send cash.
• Work with Provincial and Legislature local governments on water pricing guidelines.

• Access and government grants.
• Funding and help with implementation.
• Send cash.

• Education, politicians and more cash.
• Expertise.
• Participation.
• Regional leaderships promoting regional issues.

Private Sector:
• Contribute to research new systems.
• Gain support for incentive programs.

• Ensure they partner with government and the industry challenges.
• Newsletters.

- 59 -


economic or financial tool, such as might help other utilities realize their water

Specifics:
• Consumption based rate structure has resulted in reductions and metered
consumption information and proper rate actually rewards the average or less than
average consumer.
• Cook and benefits analysis of water supply and treatment.
• Federal and Provincial Green Plan grant.
• Increasing block toll rates.
• Metering.

• Fifty percent of meter costs.
• Indicates, but treatment method and source.
• Reduced costs.
• Twenty year servicing plan continues to reduce capital expenditure by fifteen percent
maximum a day and demand design standards reduced.

Water Savings:
• Twenty percent overall.

Cost Savings:
• As above, fifty percent of meter costs.
• Capital program.

- 60 -


3.8 PARTNERSHIPS AND CO-OPERATIVE EFFORTS
Q51. Please indicate if your utility is promoting water conservation through
partnerships and co-operative efforts:

Partnerships and Currently Being Don't Valid
Neither
Co-operative Efforts Promoting Considered Know Sample
Partnership / co-operation
27.3% 18.2% 52.3% 2.3% 44
with regional government
27.3% 4.5% 65.9% 2.3% 44
with other water utilities
Partnerships / co-operation
20.5% 15.9% 59.1% 4.5% 44
with neighboring jurisdiction
20.0% 8.9% 68.9% 2.2% 45
with provincial government
15.6% 8.9% 73.3% 2.2% 45
with federal government
11.6% 14.0% 69.8% 4.7% 43
with major user
11.6% 7.0% 79.1% 2.3% 43
with professional association
with academic / research 11.4% 9.1% 70.5% 9.1% 44
institutions
Pilot program(s) 9.3% 16.3% 67.4% 7.0% 43
Public private partnership 8.9% 11.1% 77.8% 2.2% 45
8.9% 13.3% 73.3% 4.4% 45
with local business
with NGO / volunteer 7.0% 16.3% 67.4% 9.3% 43
group(s)
Cost / benefit analysis of
4.7% 16.3% 74.4% 4.7% 43
partnership
Intergovernmental initiatives 2.3% 15.9% 75.0% 6.8% 44

- 61 -


Q52. Which partnership or type of cooperation would you consider most
effective in helping achieve your water conservation objectives? Why?

• A partnership with regional government because it keeps the same message across
the region with consistency.
• Federal and Provincial sharing grants.
• Federal and Provincial, more access to cash and educate promotion.
• Partnership with regional district and other local government members within water
supply area.
• Provincial government and partnerships with other purveyors and partnerships with
customers, such as cost sharing on incentives.
• Provincial government initiatives in value of water.

effectiveness of partnerships and cooperation?

• Lack of understanding of mutual benefit.
• Other parties unwilling to participate.
• Politics.
• Red tape and cost because there is not enough money.
• Resources.
• Resources, such as time and staffing levels.
• Too cumbersome.

- 62 -


Q54. How could the following sectors help you use partnerships and co-
operation more effectively?

Federal government:
• Grants and scholarships.
• Promote partnerships and then funding assistance on performance-based projects.
• Provide a more even playing field for grants.

• Funding.
• Grants.
• Leadership role rather than downloading on Regional Governments.

• Expertise.
• Remove politics from water management planning.

Private Sector:

• Newsletters.
• Resources assistance.

- 63 -


partnership or cooperative effort, such as might help other utilities realize their
water conservation objectives.

Specifics:
• Kelowna Joint Water Committee Water Supply Association of BC
• Kelowna Joint Water Committee work together on general usage with neighboring
jurisdictions, partnerships with customers on cost saving incentives.
• Partnerships with master gardeners and demonstration gardens that offer classes in
water conservation in the garden, around the home, etceteras.

Water Savings:
• Looking for a further sixteen percent reduction in peak demand.

Cost Savings:
• Joint activities and more momentum for programs.

- 64 -


3.9 LONG-TERM PLANNING TOOLS

Q56. Please indicate which long-term planning tools are in place or being
considered by your utility to promote water conservation:

Long-Term Planning Currently Being Don't Valid
Neither
Tools In Place Considered Know Sample
Local or regional land use
71.4% 14.3% 14.3% 0.0% 49
planning
Long-range capital
59.2% 26.5% 12.2% 2.0% 49
planning
Growth management
49.0% 26.5% 20.4% 4.1% 49
planning
Quality / continuous
48.9% 31.9% 14.9% 4.3% 47
improvement planning
Strategic planning 47.8% 30.4% 19.6% 2.2% 46
Risk management
35.4% 43.8% 14.6% 6.3% 48
planning
Demand management
33.3% 37.5% 20.8% 8.3% 48
planning
Local or regional
watershed management 31.3% 41.7% 20.8% 6.3% 48
planning
Drought management
17.0% 27.7% 44.7% 10.6% 47
planning

- 65 -


Q57. Which long-term planning tool would you consider most effective in

• Long range capital planning. 2 mentions
• A good consultant that understands the issues and academic study is usually very
hard to implement.
• A set management plan.
• Conservation education program and mail out with yearly water bill.
• Demand management planning coupled with long range capital planning.
• Grown management planning.
• Long react capital planning. For years we have used a consultant to help us with
planning.
• Strategic planning and keeps the focus on the future.
• Strategic planning as it makes the best use of the budget available.
• OCP. This will roadmap what direction to follow for the municipality.
• Water pricing for future funds.

effectiveness of long-term planning?

• Costs.
• Funding, and maintain local utility rates within a perceived acceptable range.
• Having the development sector our OCP prediction for future growth, this is a fact of
life.
• Lack of initiative or urgency to keep planning documents current, such as a five-year
update is not being done regularly.
• Lack of resources.
• People’s reluctance to pay for what water is worth.
• Political buy-in cash for studies.
• Resources.
• Utilizing the plans that we now have in place.

- 66 -


Q59. How could the following sectors help you plan for the long-term water
conservation more effectively?

Federal government:
• Provincial Government.
• Education of public to value of water.
• Equal opportunity funding and grants.
• Funding.
• Send cash.

• Expertise.
• Lobby Federal and Provincial.
• Promoting local water issues.

Private Sector:
• Demonstrate efficient water use.

• Good design of modern applications.

• Newsletters.
• They have our consultants.

- 67 -


Q60. Please describe any successes your utility has had with a particular long-
term planning tool, such as might help other utilities realize their water

Specifics:
• Available infrastructure grants.

• A three percent growth date.
• Installed a new WWTP and new proposed station upgrades.
• Proper water pricing so funds are available when they have the most effect.
• Reduced costs to the district.
• Understand the capacity and limitations of their water sources.
• Upgrade of our infrastructure water and sewer.
• We have prepared an OCP matched our model based, a master water ran of the two
above documents.

Cost Savings:
• One-third grant program.

Other legal tools:
• Different classes or grades of water.

- 68 -


3.10 LEGAL TOOLS

Q61. Please indicate which legal tools are in place or being considered by your
utility to promote water conservation:

Currently Being Don't Valid
Legal Tools Neither
In Place Considered Know Sample
Bylaws 61.7% 21.3% 14.9% 2.1% 47
Mandatory restrictions 48.9% 23.4% 27.7% 0.0% 47
Regulations 43.2% 22.7% 27.3% 6.8% 44
Standards 40.9% 25.0% 22.7% 11.4% 44
Licensing 22.7% 18.2% 47.7% 11.4% 44
Zoning restrictions 20.9% 23.3% 44.2% 11.6% 43
Restrictive covenants 11.9% 14.3% 54.8% 19.0% 42

‘OTHER’ LEGAL TOOLS:
• Different classes or grades of water.

- 69 -


Q62. Which legal tool would you consider MOST effective in helping achieve
your water conservation objectives? Why?

• Bylaws. 2 mentions
• Bylaws and adopt a cross-connection program and apply fines for abusers.
• Bylaws and ongoing enforcement.
• Bylaws and provide legal tools to facilitate programs and enforcement.
• Bylaws and regulations.
• Bylaws that allow you to turn water off if it is a repeat offender.
• Bylaws when the regulations are not adhered to.
• Established bylaws as part of building. Permits for low flow fixtures in all new
construction standards. Construction and development standards related to system
sizing.
• Mandatory watering restrictions with fines.
• Regulations.
• Water restrictions, cuts in pumping costs and disinfection costs.
• Watering restrictions.

effectiveness of legal tools?

• Bylaw implementation.
• Entering onto private property.
• Funding and staff time.
• Inability of issuing fines, etceteras against violators. The legal system does not view
wasting water as a crime.
• Lack of resources.
• Legal challenges or implementing enforcement takes time and money.
• Man power to police restorations.
• Policing customers.
• Political exceptions.
• Resources.
• The public is concerned of the added cost to them.

- 70 -


Q64. How could the following sectors help you use legal tools more effectively?
Federal government:
• I do not know. 2 mentions
• Change plumbing code.
• Countrywide rules.
• Improve the national building code.
• Legislation.
• Send cash.

• Assistance and legal advice on drafting bylaws.
• Do not download.
• Funding.
• Grants.
• Improve the provincial building code.
• Legislation.

• Adopt bylaws.
• Expertise.

• Lobby for code improvements and changes.

• Lobby for code improvements and changes.
• Newsletters.

- 71 -


Q65. Please describe any successes your utility has had with a particular legal
tool, such as might help other utilities realize their water conservation objectives.

Specifics:
• Mandatory watering restrictions with fines.
• Mandatory sprinkling restrictions.
• Not much.
• Watering restrictions of three days per week.

• Saving water loss.

Water Savings:
• Thirty percent savings during high demands periods.
• Due to no sprinkling on Mondays.

- 72 -

Water Conservation Survey - British Columbia, Canada

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