Expanding the 5G NR (New Radio) ecosystem
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The document outlines Qualcomm's advancements in the 5G NR ecosystem, focusing on the development roadmap within 3GPP Release 16 and beyond. It emphasizes the scalability and diverse applications of 5G technologies, including enhancing mobile broadband, mission-critical services, and massive IoT, along with innovations like ultra-reliable low latency communications and spectrum sharing. The material highlights the integration of various spectrum bands and the future potential of 5G, including applications in industrial IoT, autonomous vehicles, and private network solutions.
Expanding the 5G NR (New Radio) ecosystem
- 1. Expanding the 5G NR ecosystem 5G NR roadmap in 3GPP Rel-16 & beyond April 2018 @qualcomm_tech
- 2. 22 Diverse services Scalability to address an extreme variation of requirements Diverse deployments From macro to indoor hotspots, with support for diverse topologies Mid-bands 1 GHz to 6 GHz High-bands Above 24 GHz (mmWave) Low-bands Below 1 GHzMassive Internet of Things Diverse spectrum Getting the most out of a wide array of spectrum bands/types NR Designing a unified, more capable 5G air interface A unifying connectivity fabric for future innovation A platform for existing, emerging, and unforeseen connected services Mission-critical services Enhanced mobile broadband 5G NR www.qualcomm.com/5G-NRLearn more:
- 3. 3 First 5G NR standard complete — the global 5G standard 20182017 20202019 20222021 Release 17+ evolutionRel-16 work itemsRel-15 work items Phase 2 Commercial launches Phase 1 Commercial launchesNRField trialsIoDTs Standalone (SA) Accelerate eMBB deployments, plus establish foundation for future 5G innovations Deliver new fundamental 5G NR technologies that expand and evolve the 5G ecosystem Continue to evolve LTE in parallel as essential part of the 5G Platform NSA Approved study items We are here
- 4. 44 5G NR pioneering advanced 5G NR technologies To meet an extreme variation of 5G NR requirements Based on ITU vision for IMT-2020 compared to IMT-advanced; URLLC: Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications; IAB: Integrated Access & Backhaul 10x Connection density 3x Spectrum efficiency 10x Decrease in end-to-end latency 10x Experienced throughput 100x Traffic capacity 100x Network efficiency • Live Enhanced mobile broadbandMission-critical services Massive Internet of Things Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) Ultra Reliable Low Latency Comms (URLLC) Drone communications Private Networks Deeper coverage Grant-free UL Efficient signalingNarrow bandwidth Enhanced power save modes Massive MIMOScalable OFDM Mobile mmWave Flexible slot-based frameworkSpectrum sharing Advanced channel codingDual Connectivity
- 5. 5 A rich and continued roadmap of LTE Advanced Pro advancements is foundational to the 5G evolution Mobileexpansion eMBB URLLC 5G NR spectrum sharing 5G NR C-V2X 5G NR IoT Private 5G NR network Rel-16+Rel-15Rel-13 Rel-14 Cellular-V2X LTE IoT (eMTC / NB-IoT) Gigabit LTE with LAA LTE spectrum sharing Digital TV (eMBMS / enTV) Public safety Drones communications Continued evolution 5G NR Significantly improve performance, scalability and efficiency Further enhancements toward meeting IMT- 2020 requirements in existing LTE spectrum www.qualcomm.com/lte-advanced-pro Learn more:
- 6. 66 Qualcomm, the R&D engine fueling the 5G industry 3GPP standards and technology leadership Our system-level inventions are foundational to 5G NR standard Early system-level R&D investments Designing/testing 5G for many years with best-in-class prototype systems Global network experience and ecosystem collaborations Industry-leading demos, simulations, testing and trials on path to commercialization Building on our LTE technology leadership NR Vodafone Group Download the “Making 5G NR a commercial reality” presentation to learn more — link
- 7. 77 Efficiently address diverse spectrum, deployments/services Scalable OFDM- based air interface Scalable OFDM numerology Flexible slot-based framework Self-contained slot structure Advanced channel coding Massive MIMO Mobile mmWave Multi-Edge LDPC and CRC-Aided Polar Reciprocity-based MU-MIMO Key enabler to low latency, URLLC and forward compatibility Efficiently support large data blocks and a reliable control channel Efficiently utilize a large number of antennas to increase coverage/capacity Enables wide mmWave bandwidths for extreme capacity and throughput Beamforming and beam-tracking 3GPP Rel-15 establishes a solid foundation for 5G NR Our technology inventions are driving Rel-15 specifications Early R&D investments | Best-in-class prototypes | Fundamental contributions to 3GPP For enhanced mobile broadband and beyond Download the 3GPP Release-15 5G NR design presentation to learn more — link
- 8. 88 5G next Gen Core (NGC) also part of 3GPP Rel-15 Increased flexibility through NFV and SDN — essential to 5G NR expansion NFV: Network Functions Virtualization; SDN: Software Defined Networking Better cost/energy efficiency Optimized performance Flexible biz models and deployments Dynamic creation of services Configurable end-to-end connectivity per vertical Modular, specialized network functions per service Flexible subscription models Dynamic control and user planes with more functionality at the edge 5G Mobile broadband Internet of Things Mission-critical control
- 9. 9 Driving a rich 5G NR technology roadmap beyond eMBB 5G NR URLLC 5G NR Spectrum Sharing in unlicensed/shared spectrum 5G NR Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) 5G NR C-V2X 5G NR Integrated Access and Backhaul 3GPP Rel-15 5G NR eMBB design provides the foundation Sub-6 GHz | mmWave Wireless Industrial Ethernet
- 10. 10 Spectrum sharing valuable for wide range of deployments • Live Enhancing existing deployments New types of deployments Examples today: Gigabit LTE with LAA1 Examples today: Private LTE networks Enhanced local broadband Neutral host, neighborhood network Licensed spectrum aggregation Better user experience with higher speeds Private 5G networks Industrial IoT, Enterprise 1. Licensed-Assisted Access (LAA);
- 11. 1111 3GPP study on 5G NR operation in unlicensed spectrum Designing with fair co-existence in any unlicensed spectrum: NR/NR, NR/LTE, NR/Wi-Fi 1 Study item in Rel. 15 (RP-170828), which could be followed by a work item that is completed in Rel. 16. NR in unlicensed aggregated with LTE (dual connectivity) or NR (carrier- aggregation) in licensed spectrum NR operating standalone in unlicensed spectrum. This will become the MulteFire™ evolution path to 5G. Both below and above 6 GHz, e.g., 5GHz, 37GHz, 60GHz* (*assuming no change to waveform) Low-bands below 1GHz Mid-bands 1GHz to 24GHz High-bands above 24GHz (mmWave) NR-based LAA Standalone unlicensed Across spectrum bands Licensed anchor Unlicensed Aggregation
- 12. 12 Many years in the making to lead up to NR in unlicensed Work started over 5 years ago when we first envisioned LTE in unlicensed Expected trials Industry discussions Concept LTE-U Forum work Trials Commercial deployments Possible 3GPP work item Concept Concept Industry discussions Alliance work Concept 3GPP study item 3GPP work item Commercial deployments 3GPP study S P E C S P E C S P E C LTE-U NR in unlicensed LAA MulteFire 20172013 2015 2016 20182014
- 13. 13 5G NR — opportunity for new spectrum sharing paradigms 5G NR Spectrum Sharing Evolution Path LTE-U / LAA LWA MulteFire CBRS / LSA Revolution Path Flexible NR framework Guaranteed QoS Time synch. and coordinated sharing Exploiting spatial domain Vertical & horizontal sharing Building on spectrum sharing technologies that we are pioneering today for LTE www.qualcomm.com/spectrum-sharing Learn more:
- 14. 1414 Demonstrating the potential new 5G NR spectrum sharing paradigms Utilizes 5G NR spectrum sharing prototype — designed to also support testing of 5G NR in unlicensed spectrum Significant performance gains utilizing advanced intra- operator CoMP and inter-operator SDM techniques COMP = Coordinated Multi-Point SDM = Spatial Domain Multiplexing MWC 2018 www.qualcomm.com/videos/5g-nr-spectrum-sharing Watch video:
- 15. 15 Industrial automationAviation and public safety Remote medicineAutonomous vehicles Smart grid/energyRobotics 5G NR URLLC for new mission- critical services Ultra-low 1 ms e2e latency Qualcomm Research locations High reliability targeting 10-5 BLER1 Ultra reliable transmissions that can be time multiplexed with nominal traffic through puncturing High availability Simultaneous links to both 5G and LTE for failure tolerance and extreme mobility A platform for tomorrow’s more autonomous world
- 16. 16 New slot structure enables low latency communication Efficient multiplexing with other services — more flexible than dedicated resources 1 Code Blog Group Design such that other traffic can sustain puncturing from mission-critical transmission Mini-slots optimized for short data transmissions; can start at anytime — no need to wait for scheduling Opportunity for uplink RSMA non-orthogonal access using OFDM waveforms Time-bounded retransmissions help to achieve higher reliability with specified latency limit Self-contained TDD slot structure can enable lower slot latency and quicker link adaptation (e.g., faster SRS/CQI feedback) Time Frequency Slot (e.g., 1 ms) 1st transmission 2nd transmission eMBBDLCtrl Nominal eMBB data (with new CBG1 HARQ design) URLLCData URLLCData URLLCCtrl URLLCCtrl eMBBULCtrl Guard
- 17. 17 New 5G NR design allows for optimal trade-offs E.g., leveraging wider bandwidths to offset mission-critical capacity reductions 1 Low BLER Block Error Rate, required to achieve high reliability with a hard delay bound; 2 All data based on Qualcomm simulations with approximate graphs and linear scales; 3x gain when increasing from 10 to 20MHz for 1e-4 BLER Latency Latency e.g. 1e-4 BLER1 e.g. 1e-2 BLER Mission-critical capacity Latency Example: 2X bandwidth for 3x capacity gain2 Latency vs. capacity… Reliability vs. capacity… But wider bandwidth can offset reductions Mission-critical capacity Mission-critical capacity
- 18. 18 Private 5G NR networks for Industrial IoT use cases Time-sensitive networking mmWave for extreme eMBB Wireless industrial ethernet Ultra-reliable low-latency Dedicated Easy to deploy small-cells, hosted or self-contained core network Optimized Tailored for industrial applications, e.g., QoS, latency, security On-premise Locally managed, sensitive data stays local New opportunities with 5G NR capabilities Advanced capabilities in 3GPP Release 15 Study Items1 Optimizing LTE for the industrial IoT Scalable from Gigabit LTE to LTE IoT 1. TR 22.821 Feasibility Study on LAN Support in 5G and TR 22.804 Study on Communication for Automation in Vertical Domainwww.qualcomm.com/invention/technologies/lte/private-lte-networkLearn more:
- 19. 19 Private 5GNR network enables the next Industrial Revolution New capabilities • URLLC — ultra-reliable, low-latency • Time sensitive networking Large cellular ecosystem • Global solutions • Certified interoperability More spectrum • Licensed, shared, unlicensed • Low, mid, mmWave spectrum Single network for the entire factory • Multimode network supporting LTE & 5G NR • Scalable to all connectivity needs Cutting the cord Wireless industrial ethernet enables reconfigurable factories Leveraging big data analytics Edge analytics of massive real-time data collection increases productivity Enabling new use cases Such as operators using Augmented Reality (AR) glasses Enabling smart industry
- 20. 20 Showcases precise command- and-control of high-demand factory apps Previews new use cases for 5G NR URLLC with sub-millisecond latencies Highlights factory automation use case with 5G NR Private Networks Enables wireline replacement and reconfigurable factories: a key concept of Industry 4.0 Industry-first demo of wireless PROFINET Industrial Ethernet over 5G NR MWC 2018 www.qualcomm.com/videos/5g-nr-industrial-iot Watch video:
- 21. 21 Addressing the growing needs of low-power, wide-area IoT use cases 1. Maximum Coupling Loss, assuming data rate of 160bps; 2. Assuming 200B UL + 20B DL per day at 164 MCL with 5Wh battery; 3. Compared to IMT-Advanced Power efficient To realize10+ year device battery life2 and 100x network energy efficiency3 Long range To reach challenging locations by achieving device link budget of 164 dB1 massive Internet of Things Scaling for the Massive scale To efficiently support dense connections of 1+ million devices/km2 Extreme simplicity To allow scaling to the lowest-end use cases with e.g., single Rx antenna
- 22. 22 LTE IoT starts to connect the massive IoT today Over 35 mobile operators committed to deploy Cat-M1 and/or Cat-NB1 networks MDM9206 Flexible LTE IoT chipset platform for Cat-M1 / Cat-NB1 / E-GPRS …and many more Cat-M1 (eMTC) Higher throughput, mobility, VoLTE Cat-NB1 (NB-IoT) Lower cost, larger coverage, 2G migration Object tracking Wearables Connected health care Smart buildings Environment monitoring Utility metering City infrastructure Voice (VoLTE) Energy management • Global dual-mode solution: single SKU • Pre-certified modules commercially available today • Multiple design wins across industry-leading OEMs
- 23. 23 Continued evolution to meet tomorrow’s massive IoT needs Essential to 5G — LTE IoT to be submitted to meet IMT-2020 1 requirements 1. Defined in ITU Recommendation ITU-R M.2083-0, September, 2015; 2. Standardization in MulteFire Alliance LTE Cat-1 and above (Rel-8+) FeMTC eFeMTC eNB-IoT FeNB-IoTNB-IoT VoLTE improvements Higher data rates Device positioning Single-cell multicast Early data transmission Higher spectral efficiency TDD support eMTC/NB-IoT in unlicensed spectrum2 Wake-up radio Non-orthogonal access Grant-free uplink Multi-hop mesh 5G NR IoT In-band 5G NR deployment Continued eMTC evolution Continued NB-IoT evolution eMTC Higher density Deeper coverage Lower power Reduced complexity Rel-16+Rel-15Rel-14Rel-13 www.qualcomm.com/lte-iot Learn more:
- 24. 24 Pioneering tomorrow’s massive IoT technologies Applies to LTE IoT and 5G NR IoT evolution — potential for 3GPP Rel-16+ Time Frequency 1. Greater range and efficiency when using licensed spectrum, e.g. protected reference signals. Network time synchronization improves peer-to-peer efficiency Non-orthogonal multiple access Even higher connection density • NOMA is part of 5G NR Rel-15 Study Item • Can be either scheduled or grant-free • Increases device density and network efficiency Mesh networking Multi-hop mesh with WAN management • For low-power devices with challenging placements • Especially uplink data relayed via nearby devices • Expands on LTE Device-to-Device (D2D) Grant-free uplink Autonomous mode transmission • Contention-based access for IoT devices • For sporadic uplink of small data bursts • Also key enabler of mission-critical communication Mesh on unlicensed or partitioned with uplink licensed spectrum1 Direct access on licensed spectrum
- 25. 2525 5G NR IoT to fully leverage the LTE IoT evolution Flexible framework designed to support future evolution addressing even broader IoT use cases such as latency sensitive applications Enabled by in-band deployment of LTE IoT in 5G NR spectrum 1. Cat-M1 uses 6 Resource Blocks (RBs) with 12 tones per RB at 15 kHZ SCS; 2. Cat-NB1 uses 1 Resource Block (RB) with 12 tones with 12 tones per RB at 15 kHz SCS, single-tone option also available In-band eMTC / NB-IoT support in Rel-16 5G NR 2n scaling of 15 kHz subcarrier spacing is natively compatible with eMTC and NB-IoT numerologies Agnostic to core networks Both 5G NR deployment options — NSA with LTE EPC and SA with 5G core — support eMTC and NB-IoT evolution Advanced features coming in Rel-16+ Non-orthogonal access, grant-free uplink, and multi-hop mesh will deliver even better performance and efficiency eMBB Scalable slot duration eMTC NB-IoT 1.4 MHz carrier — 6 RBs1 200 kHz carrier — 1 RB2 5G NR URLLC
- 26. 2626 Enhanced range and reliability for direct communication without network assistance V2P Vehicle-to-pedestrian e.g., safety alerts to pedestrians, bicyclists V2V Vehicle-to-vehicle e.g., collision avoidance safety systems V2N Vehicle-to-network e.g., real-time traffic/routing, cloud services V2I Vehicle-to-infrastructure e.g., traffic signal timing/priority C-V2X Release 14 completed in 2017 Broad industry support — 5GAA Global trials started in 2017 Our 1st announced C-V2X product in September, 2017 C-V2X Establishes the foundation for safety use cases and a continued 5G NR C-V2X evolution for future autonomous vehicles Learn more at: https://www.qualcomm.com/c-v2x
- 27. 27 C-V2X enables network independent communication 1. PC5 operates on 5.9GHz; whereas, Uu operates on commercial cellular licensed spectrum 2. RSU stands for roadside unit.1. 3GPP also defines a mode, where eNodeB helps coordinate C-V2X Direct Communication; 2. GNSS is required for V2X technologies, including 802.11p, for positioning. Timing is calculated as part of the position calculations and it requires smaller number of satellites than those needed for positioning Network Uu interface e.g. accident 2 kilometer ahead Network communications for complementary services Vehicle to Network (V2N) operates in a mobile operator's licensed spectrum V2N (Uu) V2N (Uu) eNodeB Direct PC5 interface e.g. location, speed, local hazards Direct safety communication independent of cellular network Low latency Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I), and Vehicle to Person (V2P) operating in ITS bands (e.g. 5.9 GHz) V2V (PC5) V2P (PC5) V2P (PC5) V2I (PC5) V2I (PC5) RSU 2
- 28. 28 C-V2X has a strong evolution path towards 5GNR While maintaining backward capabilities Basic safety IEEE 802.11p Basic and enhanced safety C-V2X Rel-14/Rel-15 with enhanced range and reliability Autonomous driving use cases 5G NR C-V2X Rel-16 Higher throughput Higher reliability Wideband ranging/positioning Lower latency Backward compatible with Rel-14/Rel-15 enabled vehicles Evolution to 5G NR, while being backward compatible C-V2X Rel-14 is necessary and operates with Rel-16
- 29. 29 5G NR C-V2X complements Rel-14 with new capabilities Targeting new use cases for autonomous driving Local high definition maps / “Bird’s eye view” Intention / Trajectory sharing High throughput sensor sharing Wideband ranging and positioning Do not pass warning (DNPW) Intersection movement assist (IMA) at a blind intersection Blind curve / Local hazard warning Rel-14 C-V2X Automotive safety Rel-16 5G NR C-V2X Autonomous driving www.qualcomm.com/C-V2X Learn more:
- 30. 3030 5G NR mmWave continuing to evolve beyond R15 Bringing new capabilities, new spectrum bands and new deployment opportunities Rel-15 Study Item on enabling easy/low-cost deployment of small cells using mmWave spectrum for access and backhaul Rel-15 Study Item for both LAA and standalone operation (aka 5G MulteFire™) in sub-6 GHz and mmWave spectrum bands Exploring the use of spectrum bands above ~40 GHz, including unlicensed spectrum in the 57 GHz to 71 GHz band Integrated Access and Backhaul Unlicensed Spectrum Higher spectrum bands Download the “Making 5G NR mmWave a commercial reality” presentation to learn more — link
- 31. 3131 5G NR mmWave IAB1 for cost-efficient dense deployments Traditional fiber backhaul can be expensive for mmWave cell sites Improves coverage and capacity, while limiting backhaul cost 1 Integrated Access & Backhaul mmWave access inherently requires small cell deployment Running fiber to each cell site may not be feasible and can be cost prohibitive mmWave backhaul can have longer range compared to access Sub-6 GHz gNodeB Fiber backhaul Multi-hop capability Redundant links Efficient operation through dynamic resource partitioning between access and backhaul
- 32. 32 2 4 5 6 8 9 2 5 10 18 18 18 10 Mbps 20 Mbps 25 Mbps 20 Mbps 40 Mbps 50 Mbps *Assumptions: 28 GHz band, 1GHz b/w, 18 base-stations; 200m ISD; 600 devices, uniform distribution; results obtained without any constraint on the number of hops Number of fiber drops needed Integrated Access Backhaul Fixed Access backhaul Supports more flexible deployments and reduces network cost Fewer fiber drop points needed compared to fixed backhaul for a given traffic demand Dynamically adjusts to changes in fiber drop locations and numbers 5G NR Integrated Access & Backhaul
- 33. 33 5G is the foundation to what’s next. We are the foundation to 5G. Learn more at www.qualcomm.com / 5G Driving the expansion of 5G NR ecosystem and opportunity Making 5G NR a commercial reality for 2019 eMBB deployments
- 35. Follow us on: For more information, visit us at: www.qualcomm.com & www.qualcomm.com/blog Thank you! Nothing in these materials is an offer to sell any of the components or devices referenced herein. ©2018 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved. Qualcomm is a trademark of Qualcomm Incorporated, registered in the United States and other countries. Other products and brand names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. References in this presentation to “Qualcomm” may mean Qualcomm Incorporated, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., and/or other subsidiaries or business units within the Qualcomm corporate structure, as applicable. Qualcomm Incorporated includes Qualcomm’s licensing business, QTL, and the vast majority of its patent portfolio. Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Qualcomm Incorporated, operates, along with its subsidiaries, substantially all of Qualcomm’s engineering, research and development functions, and substantially all of its product and services businesses, including its semiconductor business, QCT.