Europeana 2019 - Connect Communities

EUROPEANA 2019
28 Nov 2019 | LISBON
The Europeana Network Association AGM 2018 - Europeana Foundation, CC BY
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Europa [Material cartográﬁco] : Nach den vorzüglichsten Hülfsnitteln, Götze, Johann August Ferdinand, 1773-1819 Biblioteca Digital de Madrid Spain, Public domain
KU Leuven

https://pro.europeana.eu/n
etwork-association/special
-interest-groups/european
a-education

Executive Director
Shaping the future of
education
with cultural heritage

“There is a wealth of digital heritage available online. World
renowned galleries, archives, museums and libraries provide
online access to their collections, and many local initiatives make
digital heritage more widely available. As access to the internet
improves, and more people own smartphones and other similar
devices, these collections can be accessed online by students and
educators with fewer and fewer technological barriers. So far,
however, this has failed to lead to the improvements in
education you might expect.”

Cats in human dress playing a variety of games, including arm wrestling and tug of war, Kunimasa IV, 1870s, Wellcome Collection, United Kingdom, CC BY

Some sources
that teachers
want to use are
not there
● Leonardo Da
Vinci
● Del Castagno,
● Tintoretto

“The real killer was finding super stuff on
Europeana and then seeing NO next to
copyright details.”
A member of the Historiana historical
content team expressing his frustration
about finding sources he could not use.

Europeana 2019 - Connect Communities

Unfounded
copyright claims
can prevent the
educational use
of sources that
are in the public
domain as some
teachers don’t
want to take
risks.

Some source
lack information.
They might be
interesting to
use, but ﬁnding
out more
information
would require a
lot of original
research.

Balletklas van dansschool Crielaars, Zuiden, Fotopersbureau Het,, Stadsarchief 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands, CC BY-SA

We select,
contextualise
and curate
source
collections on
historical topics
and themes that
are commonly
taught across
Europe.

Each source in
the collection
has a description
that helps
educators to use
the source, a
reference that
helps to ﬁnd the
source, and
copyright
information.

We are making it
possible for
teacher to create
their own
eLearning
Activities in their
language of
choice.

Each block in the
activity builder is
focussed on
another aspect
of historical
thinking.

We provide
workshops for
teachers with the
Europeana
source
collections.

We oﬀer online
workshops on
how to use the
tools

This guide
supports teacher
trainers to
provide
workshops as
well.

For each new
source
collection, there
is an exemplar
eLearning
Activity that
demonstrates
how the
collection can be
used.

Snell, A practical guide to the examination, Wellcome Collection, United Kingdom, CC BY

We are are building three new tools for the Activity Builder.
Discover Highlight Compare

We want will
work further on
the
documentation
for
webdevelopers
historiana.dev

We want to work
more directly
with the cultural
heritage
organisation on
the development
of source
collections and
eLearning
Activities
- In what ways did Roman / Greek
inventions aﬀect later developments in
European life?
- In what ways are nation-states
illustrated in artistic imagery?
- How and why did coﬀee become a global
commodity?
- What inventions were needed before
James Watt could invent his steam
machine?
- How did the industrial revolution
change working conditions?

We are
upgrading the
partner pages.
Making it
possible to
partners to
publish source
collections and
eLearning
Activities.

We will continue
to test Historiana
with educators
and research
how they search
for historical
sources.
The research
results will be
shared via
Europeana.

Pedagogical Manager
education

Bulong Miao, Wellcome Collection, United Kingdom, CC BY

Europeana Ambassador PT
education

• Coordinate the UG
• Support the MOOCs
• Create LS
• Dissemination
• Moderate the Blog
• Jury – User Group competition

+ 200 Learning Scenarios
+ 80 Stories of Implementation

Learning Scenario
(LS)
• Europeana Content
• Educational Trends
• XXI Century Skills
• Curriculum
integration
• Activities
Westminster School of Industry, Old Pye Street,n.d, Welcome Collection, United Kingdom, CC BY

Story of
Implementation
• Choose a LS
• Implement w/ students
• Collect information
• Stars - Wish
• Design SoI
• Publish a postWestminster School of Industry, Old Pye Street,n.d, Welcome Collection, United Kingdom, CC BY

Life on the trenches – A VR Experience (LS-PT-06)

From muscle machines to the smart machines (LS-PT).

?
Collaboration
Communication
Creativity
ComplexProblem
Solving

How we build skills of the 21st-century
like media literacy or critical thinking?

How to connect with children's and
young people trough Digital Cultural
Heritage?

By speaking the same language!
What language?

Digital
Cultural Heritage
...we need to understand our past...to build a better future.

➔ Find out more on Europeana Education Community
➔ Join our Europeana Education LinkedIn and Facebook
Groups
➔ Twitter: @EuropeanaEU, #EuropeanaEducation
➔ Contact us by email: education@europeana.eu
Enrich your educational resources and inspire learners with
Europeana content!

Europeana Foundation

1. Summary of Finnish Presidency event on Multilingualism and
digital cultural heritage (Andy Neale)
2. Use-cases for infrastructures enabling multilinguality in
digital cultural heritage (Pavel Kats and Alex Raginsky)
3. Improving access to historical documents in Transcribathon
Platform and Europeana Collections (Gordea Sergiu)
4. Europeana multilingual strategy and automatic translation
(Antoine Isaac)

Books on a table, Aalto, Ilmari, 1928, National Digital Library (NDL), Finland, CC0
EUROPEANA MEETING
UNDER FINLAND’S PRESIDENCY
OF THE COUNCIL OF THE EU
ESPOO, FINLAND

1. Stimulate reﬂection on multilingualism in digital cultural
heritage at large using Europeana as a case study
2. Develop a deeper understanding of the multilingualism
problem/opportunity space for digital cultural heritage
3. Consider what options can be pursued to provoke action at the local
level, furthering the multilingual capabilities
4. Provide input and feedback for the Europeana multilingual strategy

History of multilingual
development
Multilingual policy
Learnings from automatic
translation projects
User experience design
Linked vocabularies and automatic
subject indexing services
Measuring success
Multilingual metadata
Content translation
Update on eTranslation

Identify
language
Original
query
Translate to
English
Multilingual
index
User
Disambiguates
Search
Translated query (English)
Suggest Entity
(Knowledge Graph)
Entity-based query
Multilingual query:
entity based query
OR original query +
translated query
#1: French
#2: Spanish
#3: Polish

Determine the size of the
opportunity and place 1
to 5 stickers in the size
column, where 5 is the
biggest opportunity and
each lower number a
smaller opportunity. Use
each number only once.
Beneﬁts
Group exercise
16:00 - 16:15

1. People can access the knowledge
of other cultures and knowledge
groups
2. More sources of material to search
across
3. Promotes socially inclusive
societies and mutual
understanding of different cultures
Top 3 beneﬁts

Take a turn to present an issue to
your table. Combine with others
where appropriate. Write the
agreed issue upon on a card.
Place it on the canvas and
determine if we have the
capabilities and/or technology to
tackle this issue. Next person’s turn.
Issues
Group exercise
17:15 - 17:45
Circle the number of
the priority column
Issue text
Issue text

Common
themes
1. Lack of…
2. Quality of data
3. Standardisation
4. Knowledge sharing and
visibility

Solutions
Group exercise
11:30 - 11:40
Issue text
Issue text

Top
proposals
1. Strengthen capacity to identify, connect,
work with and facilitate technology transfer
2. Marketing and dissemination of tools
3. Improved communication mechanisms and
increased visibility of Europeana projects
4. Co-operation on national and local level
5. More language experts on local level
6. Awareness of beneﬁts of good quality
content
7. Improve quality of metadata
8. Cheaper mass translation tools
9. Automated data cleaning tool
10. Terminology thesaurus
11. Requirements and dialogue with providers
of collection management systems

CEO
Culture Chatbot Tech Lead
‘Use-cases for infrastructures enabling
multilinguality in digital cultural heritage’

Who we are: Jewish Heritage Network
● Global digital initiative for Jewish cultural heritage content
● Content network of more than 30 Jewish museums, archives, libraries,
and research centers from Europe (mainly), US, and Israel
● Digital platform of services for content aggregation, publication and
promotion
● Accredited partner of Europeana, the European digital platform for
culture
Culture Chatbot

Who we are: Pangeanic
● Global translation company, oﬀering translation technologies to
language industry professionals and translation services.
● World leader in AI-enhanced machine translation services.
● Frequent builder of infrastructure solutions for European Public
Administrations and CEF (Connecting Europe Facility).
● Leader of EU-funded PangeaMT and NTEU (upcoming) consortia and
projects

Culture Chatbot - flavour 1
Culture Chatbot

Culture Chatbot

Source Integration Application Interaction / UI
Metadata
Digital Content
Vocabularies, thesauri etc
Aggregation
Semantic Enrichment
?
Chatbot
Collections
Exhibitions
Use
case
Service
Infra
Value
Chain
Process
/ Asset
Search
Browse
Display
Explore

Use case #1: User Messages Translation

Use case #2: Metadata Translation
Internal data representation derived from EDM

Use case #2: Metadata Translation (all
EU languages)
Culture Chatbot
● Pilot in Judaica Europeana 2.0
● Direct translation from source language to 24 EU
languages
● Enabled and supported by PangeaMT and NTEU

Use case #3: Human-assisted t-n

Use case #4: Multilingual Semantic
Search (not only for bots)
● Infrastructure: multilingual BERT model (104 languages)
● Extract entities from metadata and query (using NER built on BERT)
● Calculate word semantic vectors (“embeddings”) with BERT for
metadata, query and extracted entities
● Combine SOLR/ElasticSearch keyword search with nearest neighbor
vector search (“semantic search”)
Culture Chatbot

Use case #5: Language Choice UI
● Implicitly:
○ using site language
○ language detection of the ﬁrst user message
● Explicitly:
○ a question at the beginning of the conversation (“Please
choose conversation language”)
○ a language change intent (“Do you speak English?”)
○ chatbot persistent menu

Metadata
Digital Content
Aggregation
Semantic Enrichment
Chatbot
Collections
Exhibitions
Use
case
Service
Infra
Value
Chain
Process
/ Asset
Search
Browse
Display
Explore
Use case #1: User Messages
Translation
● Conversation history
● Real-time
● Aggregation-time translation
● Display in user’s preferred lang
Use case #3: Human-assisted
translationUse case #4: Semantic Multilingual
Search
Machine TranslationSemantic Search NER Human-assisted translation

Metadata
Digital Content
Aggregation
Semantic Enrichment
Chatbot
Collections
Exhibitions
Use
case
Service
Infra
Value
Chain
Process
/ Asset
Search
Browse
Display
Explore
Use case #1: User Messages
Translation
● Conversation history
● Real-time
● Aggregation-time translation
● Display in user’s preferred lang
Use case #3: Human-assisted
translationUse case #4: Semantic Multilingual
Search
Machine TranslationSemantic Search NER Human-assisted translation
PangeaMT NTEUeTranslationBERT DSI
DSI
DSI

Ecosystem Considerations
● Infrastructurisation
Migrating technology “downwards” towards services and infras
● Supported Use Case Inventory
Rich and ﬁne-grained inventory of supported use-cases through
conducting proactive research with the community
● Sustainability
Improving chances for sustainability by funding DSIs and keeping
them
● Community Building
Around DSIs and best practices in using them

Infrastructure vendor outlook
● Having a deﬁned policy and commitment to mulilingualism as well as
the provision of multilingual content
● Continuity and sustainability
● Can be embedded in Europeana processes
● Leverage project money to oﬀer free services to industry leaders to
create awareness

Role for Europeana and Invitation to NTEU
● Represent the Digital Heritage sector’s interests in need in European
machine translation DSIs
● Inform the development of new DSIs with requirements speciﬁc to
heritage data and usage scenarios
● Incorporate DSI-based services for heritage into Europeana DSI: for
its own sake and the sake of smaller practitioners and projects

Role for Europeana and Invitation to NTEU
We are very pleased to invite Europeana into NTEU User Group in
order to integrate language technologies and policies into the project.
NTEU is a newly started CEF project that will build 506 translation
engines in all EU languages but English, providing training data into
low-resourced and medium-resourced languages. Having Europeana
as an interest party in our User Group would allow both Europeana
and NTEU Consortium to evaluate the quality of engines as developed
for Public Administrations, and for Europeana to make use of other
DSI developments, as well as integrate their services into the
platform.
We look forward to working together with Europeana and make it
fully multilingual and improve accessibility and promoting cultural
assets across the EU's languages.

Senior Research Engineer
AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH
Improving access to historical documents within
Transcribathon Platform and Europeana Collections

Further development of the Transcribathon Prototype and
integrate it with Europeana Collections, National Aggregator
and Libraries portals
ENRICH EUROPEANA

ENHANCE ACCESSIBILITY OF UGC
10628.11.2019
Crowdsourced and User Generated Content:
• Brings into light new insights related to historical Events (e.g.Europeana
1914-1918, Europeana 1989)
• Typically lacks of rich and standardized descriptive metadata
Goals:
• Facilitate access to information „hidden“ in scanned
manuscripts
• Enrich document descriptions with contextual information
Wikidata Places and Persons; keywords/topics
• Enhance user experience by integrating state of the
art technologies (e.g. IIIF, NERL)

THE BEAUTY OF HISTORICAL MANUSCRIPTS
10728.11.2019
• Letters and Journals present the life and the emotions
of regular people
• Often indicate facts, that were not written
in history books
• They catch attention and motivate user‘s to interact
with the content

…. AND THE CHALLENGES
10828.11.2019
• Historical documents are hardly understood with the passing of time:
• Grammar and words of all languages are changing in time
• Simple people use dialects
• Preserve the language and the writing from their time
Translation original text Translation improved version
On the first of March we passed the
tunnery exam, and with good behavior
we went into the (Geschitz Vormeister)
course, the first cannibal riders. For the
cannons as justifiers are sub-skills, and
this school I did. On March 28, Pola the
heir to the throne came. A. Sa Francis
Ferdinand (Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand)
had nice reception forces, Mr. arrived on
the boat (Jacht) reigning S.M.S.
Lacroma.
On the first of March I passed the
tunnery exam, and having a good
behaviour, I entered the course for
"Geschitz Vormeister", meaning first
cannon setter. As for the cannons, the
setters are lower officers, and this
school I did as well. On March 28th
came to Pola the heir to the throne, His
Highness Francis Ferdinand
("Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand"), he had
a very beautiful reception, He arrived on
the royal boat ("Jacht") S.M.S. Lacroma

SEMANTIC ENRICHMENTS
10928.11.2019

ENTITY RECOGNTION
11028.11.2019
Performance of person and location detection
• Based on English translation of 15 pages from Dumitru Nistor Journal

ENTITY LINKING
11128.11.2019
Performance of linking detected locations with items from Wikidata and Europeana Entity
Collection

IMPLEMENTATION OF FAIR PRINCIPLES
11228.11.2019
• Findable and Accesible:
• text becomes machine readable after trascription
• english translation is generated
• Interoperable:
• enrichments (including transcriptions) available as W3C Web Annotations
• integration with Europeana Collections
• Reusable
• Public Domain and CC0 content
• transcriptions and enrichments available
under CC0 Licence

…. THE GOOD NEWS
11328.11.2019
„My Diary“
2020

NEW TRANSCRIBATHON TOOL
11428.11.2019
https://beta.transcribathon.eu

NEW TRANSCRIBATHON TOOL
11528.11.2019 https://beta.transcribathon.eu

R&D Manager
‘Europeana multilingual
strategy and automatic
translation’

● Juliane Stiller - You, We & Digital
● Tom Vanallemeersch - Crosslang
● Mónica Marrero, Andy Neale – Europeana Foundation

Content
Information Access
Interactions
User Interface
Metadata and digital
CH objects
Search, Browse & Explore
Show user‘s
preferred language
Bridge the gap between
language of user input
and content
Layers of digital CH systems
From Juliane Stiller, You, We & Digital

User Interface
Challenges:
• Translation of static and dynamic
pages
• Switching languages via text or
icons such as ﬂags
• Determine the user‘s preferred
language
User Interface

Interactions: Search Interactions

Mismatch between query and
content language
• Mona Lisa 203 results
• La Gioconda 376 results
• La Joconde 78 results
Interactions
Roma, Galleria Corsini - La
Gioconda,From Juliane Stiller, You, We & Digital

Interactions: Browse
● Search vs. browse
● Metadata vs. content
Interactions

Content & Metadata
Image Credit: both from Europeana with Titlte „Kinderbuch” from
Spielzeugmuseum der Stadt Nürnberg (CC BY-NC-SA)
Content

Metadata multilinguality
+ 40 other languages....
Content

Towards a multilingual
strategy
France, Public Domain
1914, National Library of France
Agence de presse Meurisse
Concours de cycles nautiques sur le lac
d’Enghien : Berregent piloté par Austerling

For example, for object metadata
Usage scenarios Proposal Outcome
• Display object metadata on item page
• Navigate to entities
• Input to search index
• Automated identification of metadata
language if needed
• Use translations from multilingual
knowledge graph (which results in an
index in the languages of the
knowledge graph)
• Augment the provider metadata with
static translation of the fields to English
(to fill metadata values not covered by
the knowledge graph)
• Store and index translated metadata
for search and display
• Item page metadata would display in
chosen language if knowledge graph
translations were present
• Where chosen language is not
supported, display will default to source
language and offer option to view in
English
• Multilingual search would be
supported for fields that are connected
to the knowledge graph translations,
and for other fields by using static
English translations that act as a lingua
franca for search

Other speciﬁc proposals for
● Text objects
● Editorial content
● Search
● Editorial content
● User interface

Identify
language
Original
query
Translate to
English
Multilingual
index
User
validation
Search
Translated query (English)
Align to
entity
Entity-based query
Multilingual query:
entity based query
+ original query +
translated query
#1: French
#2: Spanish
#3: Polish
Search results

The technical paper we have prepared for the Finnish presidency event is
open for comments!
● Use of translations for metadata and content
● Designs
● Choice of languages…
Comment via the doc or by sending emails to us before January 15

Translations for metadata using expert knowledge
● Multilingual vocabularies contributed by data providers
● Europeana’s knowledge graph (the Entity Collection)
Automatic translations
● For metadata not covered by the knowledge graph (to English)
● For text content (to English)
● For queries not aligned with the knowledge graph (to English)
● For on-demand translations of item pages

● 130+ out of 552 language pairs, often from or into English
● Sometimes pivot:
● Management: DG Translation (technical), DG CNECT (policy)
● Users: translators of DG Translation, public administrations in the EEA
● Free use
European Commission’s machine translation system for 24 oﬃcial EU
languages + Icelandic and Norwegian
Finnish English Portuguese
From Tom Vanallemeersch, Crosslang

● Available via web interface & API
● Domain of training data: legal & administrative texts
● Speciﬁc versions for speciﬁc domains, e.g. “cultural”
https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/What+is+eTranslation

1932, National Library of France, Public domain
Agence de presse Mondial Photo-Presse.
Tournoi royal de motos à Londres :
changement d'une roue de side-car en marche
Experiments

Pilot: apply eTranslation to assist
manual translation of exhibitions
●
●
●

18,257 transcriptions of World War I objects in
17 languages from Transcribathons hosted by
the Enrich Europeana project
eTranslation didn't work only in 404 cases, either
language not supported (bs) or ﬁxable issues
(long text)
Language tag Transcriptions Translated to English
de 9300 9151
fr 1669 1659
it 992 973
ro 578 577
nl 455 454
el 364 356
lv 226 226
bs 215 0
cs 90 90
da 90 90
sl 7 7
hu 3 2
es 2 2
pl 2 2
sk 2 2
hr 1 1
TOTAL (non-en) 13996 13592
en 4243 0
TOTAL 18239 13592

original query language translated query
results original
query
results translated
query
new docs retrieved
thanks to translation
domov cs home 2 1529 1527
Bernhard Stiens de Bernhard Stiens 16 21 8
cimitero de ciemitero 0 0 0
eastern front de Eastern front 345 1272 955
lagazuoi de lapiönoi 0 0 0
letters de letters 25 1935 1913
nova vas de Nova vas 4 31 29
Pinsk de Pinsk 1 1 0
podgora de podgora 1 7 6
Rokitno de Roitno 0 0 0
san elia de San elia 40 49 16
Talies de Talies 0 2 2
women de women 4 255 251
antonio sordi it Antonio Deaf 12 25 14
Asiago it Asiago 1) 4 2552 2548
avion it Avion 0 4 4
bini cima it Bini top 3 837 835
celle lager it lager cells 2 56 56
We used queries for
the Europeana
1914-1918 thematic
collection
Translations brings
more results in, but
some are dubious
NB: we didn't have time
to do a ﬁne-grained
evaluation of the
accuracy of results

We evaluated translation of non-English
queries (69)
● In 22 cases the input was wrong - typos or wrong
language (einsenbahn in French?)
● In 4 cases we couldn't guess the user's intention
(avion on the Italian portal)
● eTranslation correctly handled 20 of 37 queries that
were to be left unchanged (54%)
● eTranslation correctly translated 5 of the 6
remaining cases (83%).
Frankreich, Avion.- Soldatenfriedhof, Bundesarchiv, CC-BY-SA
http://www.bild.bundesarchiv.de/archives/barchpic/search/_1268685391/
NB: in our case, we're hitting straight into the long tail of queries!

Snell, A practical guide to the examination, Wellcome Collection, United Kingdom, CC BY
Reﬂections & future work

● Resource-rich language pairs, e.g. English-French
● Resource-poor language pairs, e.g. English-Icelandic
Diﬀerence in amount of training data for language pairs

● Cultural heritage stretches across many dimensions
Languages, domains, genres, periods, …
● It is a particularly interesting and demanding area for machine translation
● Approaches involve new information sources, reﬁnement of tools and methods

Metadata consisting of short text fragments
Title: , bank = “ﬁnancial institution” / “location near river” ?
= “comment” / “money” ?

Metadata consisting of short text fragments
Title: , bank Subject: paper money
= “comment” / ?

eTranslation welcomes datasets from the culture heritage sector
● Multilingual (and monolingual) datasets help tune the service for
cultural texts
● CH is under-represented in the training resources so far
Contributions can be made directly on the ELRC-SHARE portal (see
guidance)

● Better evaluate accuracy of search results
● Scale up & extend to metadata
● Evaluate the eﬃciency of cross-lingual search
● Better handle named entities, language identiﬁcation
● Decide if query translation is really the way to go...

● Give feedback on the proposals
for improving Europeana’s
multilingual aspects, before
January 15
● Contribute (multilingual) training
data to enhance the EC’s
eTranslation service, whenever you
have someEuropeana Thanks You, CC BY-SA

#Europeana2019
#EuropeanaCommunities

EUROPEANA 2019
29 Nov 2019 | LISBON

Central Institute for the Union Catalogue of Italian Libraries and Bibliographic
Information

Head of Research Services

Information Professional
Evaluation FAIRness

Improving reusability
➢ FAIR principles aim to facilitate the reuse of research data,
which is the ﬁnal goal of FAIRness
➢ So, FAIRness is a means to an end, not a goal in itself
➢ The designers of the FAIR principles stress that “FAIR is a
journey”, helping researchers to understand what they can
do to increase reusability of their data .

The beneﬁts for main stakeholders
➢ To give data providers (creators and publishers)
recommendations on how to improve and make their data
more reusable
➢ To give funding agencies an instrument to verify that
funded projects deliver reusable data

Enable comparison across evaluation approaches
➢ There are many evaluation approaches (questionnaires,
some automated tools), but they are not comparable
➢ RDA Working Group aims to harmonise approaches through
a core set of common criteria (indicators)
➢ The aim is to reach consensus among evaluators, supported
by guidelines on how to apply the indicators
RDA FAIR Data Maturity Model Working Group:
https://www.rd-alliance.org/groups/fair-data-maturity-model-wg

Most aspects already taken care of
➢ Persistent identiﬁers
○ Metadata: http://data.europeana.eu/item/DATASET_ID/LOCAL_ID
○ Digital objects: (not yet covered)
➢ Rich metadata: Europeana Data Model
➢ Controlled vocabularies: DBpedia, Geonames, Getty etc.
➢ Licensing: Europeana Licensing Framework

FAIR requirements
➢ European Commission will set minimum level of FAIRness
➢ At proposal stage: describe how FAIRness will be achieved
○ Data Management Plan
○ State how project will meet the core criteria
➢ At execution stage: review of FAIRness by evaluating the
data against the core criteria

To better meet the requirements
➢ Analyse the Europeana Publishing Framework against FAIR
principles, adapt where necessary (e.g. persistent identiﬁers
for data and digital objects)
➢ Think from the perspective of potential reusers, including
researchers beyond Europeana and cultural domain
➢ Facilitate the widest possible reuse of cultural material

University of Toronto
PARTHENOS
DARIAH

Berlin State Library

Europeana 2019 - Connect Communities

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