1. chapter 1 part 1 introduction to iwrm

Economic and Financial
Instruments for IWRM
Introduction to IWRM
Part 1: Discovering IWRM

Goal and objectives of the session
 To introduce the importance of water
 To give an indication of the water crisis
 To present the challenge in resolving the
crisis
 To define IWRM
 To introduce the importance of a water
management framework

Outline presentation
 Overview of the importance of water
 Water crisis: Facts
 Challenges in addressing crisis
 What is IWRM
 Water management framework and core
elements
 Benefits of the framework

Introduction
The Importance of Water
 Water is essential to human survival (20-40 litres
per person daily)
 Effective primary health care
 Fight poverty, hunger, child mortality, gender
inequality and environmental damage.
 Millennium Development Goals

Facts on Water Crisis
 More than 2 billion people suffer from water
shortages in over 40 countries;
 1.1 billion people do not have access to safe
drinking water;
 4 out of 10 people in the world do not have
access to improved sanitation (very basic
facilities);
 2 million tonnes per day of human waste is
discharged into water courses;
 Every year 1.6 million children below 5 years old
die because of unsafe water and lack of basic
sanitation.

Reasons for Water Crisis
 Water resources under pressure from population
growth, economic activity, growing competition
from many water users;
 Withdrawals increased more than twice the rate of
population growth;
 Development and pollution are exacerbating water
scarcity;
 Uncoordinated development and management of
water resources;
 Climate change will impact on water resources.

Challenges
Improving access to water (all users) and
sanitation
What is needed?
 Government making this a priority;
 Appropriate long-term financing;
 Resolving competition among users and
environmental challenges;
 Advocacy on-behalf of poor;
 Improved capacity of governments to
deliver services to all users;
 Government accountability in meeting
the needs of all users.

What is IWRM?
 A systematic process for sustainable
development, allocation and monitoring of
water resource use in the context of social,
economic and environmental goals and
objectives.

IWRM is a paradigm shift.
Departs from traditional approaches in three ways:
 Cross-cutting and departs from traditional sectoral
approach.
 Spatial focus is the river basin;
 Departure from narrow professional and political boundaries
and perspectives and broadened to incorporate participatory
decision-making of all stakeholders (Inclusion versus
exclusion).

Interdependency
 The basis of IWRM is that there are a variety of
uses of water resources which are interdependent.
The need
to consider
the
different
uses of
water
together

Examples of Competing but Interdependent Uses

The Water Balancing Act
Demand
• Increasing in all sectors
• Inefficient use
Supply
• Quantity (Natural Scarcity,
Groundwater Depletion)
• Quality Degradation
• Cost of Options
IWRM

IWRM Dimensions
Integrated Water Resources Management
Water supply
& sanitation
Irrigation &
drainage
Energy Environ-
mental
services
Infrastructure forInfrastructure for
management ofmanagement of
floods andfloods and
droughts,droughts,
multipurposemultipurpose
storage, waterstorage, water
quality and sourcequality and source
protectionprotection
Policy/Policy/
InstitutionalInstitutional
frameworkframework
ManagementManagement
instrumentsinstruments
Political economyPolitical economy
of waterof water
managementmanagement
Other uses
including
industry and
navigation
Water Uses

Governance
Health
WaterQuality
WaterSupply
Floods/Droughts
Energy
Agriculture
Industry
PollutionPrev
CoastalMgt.
EcosystemMgt.
Activity
Sectors
(water uses)
Social
Development
Economic
Development
Env.
Protection
Objectives
Policy/Inst.
Framework
Management
Institutions
The IWRM Process
Feedback
Prosperity
IWRM Water and waterrelated policies review and revision
IWRM Resource development, management, monitoring, and evaluation
IWRM Resource availability/use analysis and allocation

Water Management Framework
At the core of the water management
framework is:
 Treatment of water as an economic and
social good;
 Decentralised management and delivery
structures;
 Greater reliance on economic instruments;
 Broader participation of stakeholders.

What will a Water Management Framework do?
1) Provide framework for analysing policies and
options that will guide decisions in relation to:
 Water scarcity;
 Service efficiency;
 Water allocation; and
 Environmental protection.
2) Facilitate consideration of relationships between
the ecosystem and socio-economic activities in
river basins.

Think about it
 Could you give examples from your own country
where interdependency of water uses exists?

End
 The next presentation deals with the
principles of water management

1. chapter 1 part 1 introduction to iwrm

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1. chapter 1 part 1 introduction to iwrm