ZIGBEE

Submitted by: MOHIT SIWACH 2808173

ZigBee
Agenda
Intro Market Applications Requirements Standardization ZigBee protocol stack Features Topologies Architecture Evaluation Applications Considerations

ZigBee
A very low cost, low power consumption two-way, wireless communications standard for automation, toys, & PC peripherals

ZigBee Mission:
To bring about the existence of a broad range of interoperable consumer devices by establishing open industry specifications for unlicensed, untethered peripheral, control and entertainment devices requiring the lowest cost and lowest power consumption communications between compliant devices anywhere in and around the home.

The Need for ZigBee

Low Power consumption
6 months to 5 years battery life for most applications

Low Cost
At least half the cost of Bluetooth solutions

High density of nodes per network

250 nodes per network, multiple co-located networks

Data rate requirements

Few bits to 250kbps sufficient

Simple protocol, Global Implementation

2.4GHz

Standard in a fragmented market

Many proprietary solutions, interoperability issues Pent up demand due to lack of standard

Objective of ZigBee

Interoperable consumer devices Open industry specification Peripheral, control and entertainment devicesLowest cost and lowest power consumption Anywhere in and around the home

Traget Market:
A multimedia PC with interactive gaming options or a 32" television equipped with Home Theatre features, Internet access (e.g. WebTV) or a video gaming console (e.g. Sega, Nintendo, Sony). These residents potentially have the need for advanced HID and toy solutions that could enhance their living or entertainment experiences. Low cost solutions for interconnectivity between toys, such as, TomoguchisExisting homes with installed security, home automation or HVAC systems, and new homes with plans for these systems. The Small Office/Home Office (SOHO) market may also find use for ZigBee products for controlling multimedia presentations, conference rooms, training rooms and automation or control functions.

Must have features:

Saftey meets Government regulations:
As safe as coordless phone

Unlicensed Band Low Cost BOM Reliability

Throughput degrades gracefully

Ease of Use Ability to add/remove new devices

Register onceauthenticate each time

Global market Minimum battery life 6months/2 years

Target Applications 1
Desktop PCs and Home Entertainment Systems (Home Theatre TV)
Computer peripherals; HID devices

Video conference equipment

Remote control

Video gaming equipment

Multi-player PC & video games Playing a PC DVD game in front of a TV monitor

Remote controls for audio and video equipment PC Enhanced & stand alone toys
In-room coverage Home+yard coverage

Target Applications 2
Home appliances/general consumer electronic devices
Existing home security systems, electrical & heating systems Wireless door and opening monitoring, system control Wireless Keypads Smoke and flame detectors Lighting and remote control of appliances in the home; Blinds/Shades Pool/Spa equipment Garage door openers Voice Control

New device categories that have not yet been developed, such as news tablets, and keyboards with built-in displays

Device Examples:
HID devices Video gaming equipment; Multi-player PC & video games Playing a PC DVD game in front of a TV monitor Remote controls for audio and video equipment Glass breakage monitoring (sensors); Wireless Keypads; Child Monitor; Smoke and flame detectors; Fire Pull stations; Personal transponders; Lighting and remote control of appliances in the home; Fireplaces Pool/Spa equipment Garage door openers

Target Market summary:

Monitors Sensors TV VCR DVD CD Remote

Automation
Control

Industrial & Commercial

Consumer Electronics

PC Peripherals
Mouse Keyboard Joystick Gamepad

Personal Healthcare
Monitors Diagnostics Sensors

Low Data Rate Radio Devices

Toys & Games

PETs Gameboys Educational

Home Automation

Security HVAC Lighting Closures

Market Requirements
Global licence free ISM band operation Unrestricted geographic use RF penetration through walls & ceilings Automatic/semi-automatic installation Ability to add or remove devices Possible voice support

Market Requirements, cont...

10k-115.2kbps data throughput 10-75m coverage range (home/garden) Support for 32-255 nodes Support for 4 critical devices 4-100 co-located networks 0.5-2 year battery life Up to 5ms-1 permitted mobility Module cost: $1.5-$2.5 in 2003!

Success Factors
Low cost Data type support Ease of installation Reliable data transfer Short range operation Reasonable battery life Unlicensed band Unrestricted geographical use Global implementation Governmental regulations

Description
Low data rate (<250kbps), very low cost (BOM<$6.00) consumer market Replaces wired solutions that require low data rates Replaces IrDA links with a low cost wireless network Simple MAC protocol: master-slave or virtual point-to-point applications, reduces system compexity Applications: peripherals to PC, temperature control, home security, toys, etc.

Some Participants (22 Companies in total)

ZigBee Protocol Stack

7 6 5 4 3 2 1

7Layer ISO-OSI-Model Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical

Simplified 5Layer ISO-OSI-Model User Application Application Profile Network Data Link Physical

IEEE 802 Model < ZigBee < Upper Layers

Logic Link Control (LLC) Media Access Control (MAC) Physical

< 802.14.5 <

ZigBee Protocol Stack

Application Application Interface Network Layer Data Link Layer MAC Layer

ZigBee Alliance

IEEE

MAC Layer PHY Layer

Silicon ZigBee Stack Application

Topologies-MESH TOPOLOGY

Topologies-TREE TOPOLOGY

ZigBee Chip Set Solution

Low Data Rate, DSSS @ 2,4GHz

PA

Single Chip DSSS Radio + Modem

Receive Data

Micro + MAC+ RAM/ROM

Transmit Data

Baseband Radio

Architecture

ZigBee nodes-Types
ZigBee Coordinator (ZBC) (IEEE 802.15.4 FFD)
only one in a network

initiates network
stores information about the network all devices communicate with the ZBC routing functionality bridge to other networks

ZigBee node-Types

ZigBee Router (ZBR) (IEEE 802.15.4 FFD)

optional component routes between nodes extends network coverage manages local address allocation/de-allocation

ZigBee node-Types

ZigBee End Device (ZBE) (IEEE 802.15.4 RFD)

optimized for low power consumption
cheapest device type communicates only with the coordinator sensor would be deployed here

Protocol Features
Master/slave topology Automatic network configuration Dynamic slave device addressing Virtual peer-to-peer links (pairing) Full handshaking for packet transfers Power management features Up to 254 (+ master) network nodes

Protocol Features Cont...

CSMA-CA channel access mechanism 15ms frame structure TDMA slots can be allocated 28kbps & 250kbps data throughput Service discovery Low impact internet capability

Range Estimation (meters)

0dBm 250kbps 28kbps 13 23

10dBm 29 54

20dBm 66 134

Approx. x2
Using Firefly TRD/RSI propagation model

Summary
Solution that effectively addresses the needs of the target market place with: Low data rate (<250Kbps) Low cost (~ BT/2) Very low power (6 months - 2 years on 2 AA batteries.) Network Solution

EVALUATION
Pros good extension of existing standards supported by many companies low power consumption low cost easy implemented (Designer concentrates on end application) flexible network structure Cons Not many end devices available yet Single point of failure (centralized architecture)

Networking

ZigBee:
Large master-slave networks, with fast access Slave - initiated communication, (minimises slave energy requirements) Virtual peer-peer device pairing links

Bluetooth:
Dynamic ad-hoc transient Pico-nets Dynamic master role negotiation Extensive profiles to ensure compatibility Active / Park modes

Typical Applications

ZigBee:
Static networks between low cost devices Sensors Automation and control Data exchange

Bluetooth:
Ad-hoc networks between capable devices Handsfree audio Screen graphics, pictures File transfer

Power Considerations

ZigBee:
2+ years from normal batteries Designed to optimise slave power requirements

Bluetooth:
Power model as a mobile phone (regular charging) Designed to maximise ad-hoc functionality

Timing Considerations

ZigBee:
New slave enumeration = 30ms typically Sleeping slave changing to active = 15ms typically Active slave channel access time = 15ms typically

Bluetooth:
New slave enumeration = >3s Sleeping slave changing to active = 3s typically Active slave channel access time = 2ms typically

Thank you for your attention!