Academic Session 2025-26
ODD Semester Jul-Dec 2025
UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING
MCA/MAM/MCC
SEMESTER-1
ADVANCED DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYETEM
(25CAT-601)
Unit No. 1 Chapter No. 1 Lecture No.1
Topic : Architecture of DBMS
Dr. Mandeep Singh Associate Prof.
Learning Objectives
1
Objective 1 Express the basic concepts of DBMS and
RDBMS.
Objective2 Apply normalization theory to the normalization
of a database.
Objective 3 Apply the concept of Transaction Management
& Recovery techniques in RDBMS.
Architecture of DBMS
3
1. Three Level Architecture
Introduction
2. Objective of Three Level
Architecture
3. Explanation of Three Level
Architecture
4. Mapping between Views
Figure-1
Three Level Architecture
● The DBMS architecture is a framework where the structure of
the DBMS is described. The main aim of designing the DBMS
architecture is to provide users with an abstract view of the
data by hiding certain details of how data is stored and
maintained.
It consist of the three levels:
● External Level
● Conceptual Level
● Internal Level
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Objectives of Three Level Architecture
The main objective of three level architecture is to enable multiple
users to access the same data with a personalized view while
storing the underlying data only once. This separation is desirable
for the following reasons:
Different users need different views of same data.
The approach in which a particular user needs to see the data may
change over time.
The users of the database should not worry about the physical
implementation and internal workings of the database such as data
encryption, hashing etc
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Levels of Architecture
6
Levels of Architecture
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External Level/View Level
● The user’s view of the database.
● Consists of a number of different external views of the DB.
● Describes part of the DB for particular group of users.
● Provides a powerful and flexible security mechanism by hiding
parts of the DB from certain users.
● It permits users to access data in a way that is customized to
their needs, so that the same data can be seen by different users in
different ways, at the same time.
So we can say that Creating separate views of the database
for different users help in ensuring the database security.
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Conceptual Level
● The logical structure of the entire database as seen by DBA.
● What data is stored in the database.
● Represents:
- Entities, attributes, relationship
- Constraints on data ,Security, integrity information
● The relationships among the data.
● Complete view of the data requirements of the organization,
Independent of any storage consideration.
While designing the database, the conceptual schema is
first to be defines. It is defined using the DDL provided by
the DBMS
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Internal Level
● Physical representation of the Database on the computer.
● How the data is stored in the database and also describes the data
structures and access method to be used by the database.
● In Simple words we can say that it holds information about
data.
● Physical implementation of the DB to achieve optimal run–
Time performance and storage space utilization.
- Storage space allocation for data and indexes
- Record description for storage
- Record placement
- Data compression, encryption
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Physical Level
As the name suggests, the Physical level tells us that where the
data is actually stored i.e. it tells the actual location of the data that
is being stored by the user.
Below the internal level is the physical level which is managed by
the operating system under the directions of DBMS. It deals with the
mechanism of physically storing data on a device such as disk.
Managed by the OS under the direction of the DBMS.
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Three Level Architecture
12
Mapping between Views
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Mapping between Views
The three levels of DBMS architecture don’t exist independently of
each other. There may be correspondence between the three levels
i.e. how they are actually correspond with each other. DBMS is
responsible for the correspondence between the three types of
schemas. This correspondence between different levels is
known as Mapping
There are basically two types of mapping in the database
architecture:
● Conceptual/ Internal Mapping
● External/ Conceptual Mapping
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External/ Conceptual Mapping
External Conceptual Mapping:
● The external/ Conceptual mapping lies between the external level
and the conceptual level.
● Its role is to define the correspondence (communication) between a
particular external view and the conceptual view.
● It gives the correspondence among the records of external and
conceptual views. Any changes in the conceptual level are reflected
in this mapping with the external schema unmodified.
Any changes in conceptual level can be viewed by user at
external levels but their external schema remains
unmodified. 15
Conceptual/ Internal Mapping
Conceptual/ Internal Mapping
● The conceptual/Internal mapping lies between the conceptual level
and the internal level.
● Its role is to define the correspondence (communication) between
records and fields of the conceptual level and files and data
structures of the internal level.
● It enables the DBMS to find the actual record and combination of
records in the physical storage that constitute a logical record in the
conceptual schema, along with any constraints to be enforced on
the operations for that logical record.
Conceptual level can view all the changes done in internal
level through its mapping. This level doesn’t know how data 16
References
Fundamentals of Database Systems by R.Elmasri and S.B.Navathe,
Pearson Education, New Delhi.
An Introduction to Database Systems by C.J. Date, Pearson
Education, New Delhi.
A Guide to the SQL Standard, Data, C. and Darwen, H, Reading,
Addison-Wesley Publications, New Delhi.
YouTube Link- Video Lectures
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=T7AxM7Vqvaw&list=PLdo5W4Nhv31b33kF46f9aFjoJPOkdlsRc
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Thank You
For queries
Email: [email protected]
