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CHAPTER ONE
Basics of Internet and the web
Eyasu D.
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Contents
Internet
WWW
Design good website
Types of webpage
Web page design issue
Website Designing Tools
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Introduction
Internet
• Has been coined from two terms, Interconnection and
Network
• Is a huge network of computers that links many different
types of computers all over the world.
• It is a network of networks that share a common
mechanism for addressing (identifying) computers for
communications between two computers on the network
• A Network is simply a group of computers that are
connected together for sharing information and resources.
• Several such networks have been joined together across the globe
to form what is called as the Internet.
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There is no single, generally agreed-upon answer to the
question because the Internet is different for each of us:
• It is a set of computers talking over fiber optics, phone
lines, satellite links, and other media.
• It is a place where you can talk to your friends and family
around the world.
• It is an ocean of resources waiting to be mined.
• It is a place to do research for your thesis or a business.
• It is a worldwide support group for any problem or need.
• It is a gold mine of professionals in all fields sharing
information about their work.
• It is hundreds of libraries and archives that are open to
your fingertips.
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Who Owns the Internet
• No single entity owns the Internet.
• Any single person, service, corporation, university, or
government does not fund it.
• Every person who makes a connection, every group who’s
Local Area Network (LAN) becomes connected, owns a
slice of the Internet.
• The owner of the connected equipment therefore “owns” a
piece of the Internet.
• The telephone companies “own” the pieces that carry the
packets (blocks of information).
• The service providers “own” the packet routing equipment.
So, while no one person or entity owns the Internet, all
who use it or supply materials for it play a part in its
existence.
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Services of Internet
• May be four things, basically:
1. Communication
2. World Wide Web (WWW)
3. Information retrieval services (FTP)
4. E-commerce
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World Wide Web (WWW)
• is a collection of data stored and shared in the digital space.
• It is also commonly known as "The Web”
• One can easily surf the Web by jumping from one document to
another using the links in those documents.
• These documents can be in many formats, such as
text, graphics, animation, sound and latest is video.
• All the information on Internet are presented to the user
as a document or more popularly known as Web Page.
Internet is Infrastructure and the Web is just a service
provided on the Internet.
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• All these Web Pages are link to each other or even to section
within a Web Page. And these links are known as Hyper Links.
• The group of web pages which are interlinked is called web site.
• The tool used to view these Web Pages on Internet is known as
Internet browser or simply browser.
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• www (world wide web)
• A collection of websites
• A website
• A collection of resources:
• Web pages (static / dynamic)
• Media files (images, animations, sound, …)
• Style files (CSS)
• Documents (pdf, doc, txt, rtf, …)
• …
• Has a globally unique name DNS (Domain Name System)
• Resolves a human friendly name (eg www.google.com) to a
machine friendly IP address (eg 64.233.187.99)
• “Phone book” of the Internet
• E.g. www.sims.ddu.edu.et 10.235.5.35
• Stored on machines called web servers
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Internet Address (Web Address)
• Just like every house, every office, every location has an address;
every page on the Internet has a unique address. This address is used
to get the web page for user from Internet.
• The address on the Internet is known as URL (Uniform Resource
Locator).
URL is like; <protocol>://<host>[:<port>][<path>][?<query>]
http://www.nos.org/computers/internet/url.htm
• The URL contains the components that specify the protocol, server,
and pathname of an item.
• The protocol is followed by a colon (http:),
• the server is preceded by two slashes (//www.nos.org), and each
segment of the pathname is preceded by a single slash
(/computers/internet/).
• url.htm is a file name or webpage.
• A protocol is set of rules that tells the computer how to interpret the
information at that address.
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Designing a Good Website
What makes a good website
• Know your audience- what will they use your page for?
• Content- is the content that they want?
• Timely, current and relevant
• Accurate and trustworthy
• Appropriate links for your form
• Design for readability
• Design for attractiveness
• Design for easy of understanding
• Design for efficiency
• Design to meet your goals
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Types of Web pages
• There are basically two main types of web pages: Static and
Dynamic.
Static Web page
• Is one that is written in plain HTML and what is in the code
of the page is what is displayed to the user.
• Each web page is a separate document and there are no
databases or external files that are drawn upon.
• The only way to edit is to go into each page and edit HTML
(do yourself using a web page editor or pay your web
developer to updates)
• Useful for displaying data that doesn‟t change often
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Static Vs Dynamic
Static Website Dynamic Website
Prebuilt content is same every time Content is generated quickly and
the page is loaded. changes regularly.
It uses the HTML code for It uses the server side languages
developing a website. such as PHP, ASP.NET etc. for
developing a website.
It sends exactly the same response It may generate different HTML for
for every request. each of the request.
The content is only changed when The page contains "server-side" code
someone publishes and updates the file which allows the server to generate the
(sends it to the web server). unique content when the page is loaded.
Flexibility is the main advantage of Content Management System (CMS)
static website. is the main advantage of dynamic
website.
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Web page Design Issues
1. Users are scanners
• If you think a typical user will read the entire content of your
web pages, you are wrong.
• No matter how much useful information you put into a
webpage, a visitor will only spend a few seconds scanning it
before they decide whether to leave or stay.
• If you want a visitor to read your text, be sure to make your
point in the very first sentence of the page.
• After that you should try to keep them occupied with short
paragraphs and interesting new headers all the way down the
page.
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2. Less is more
• Try to keep all sentences as short as possible.
• Try to keep your paragraphs as short as possible.
• Try to keep your pages as short as possible
3. Use a lot of space between your paragraphs
• Pages overload with text will kill your audience.
4. Don’t place too much content on a single page
• If you have a lot to say, try to break your information into
smaller chunks and place it on different pages.
• Don‟t expect any visitor to scroll all the way down to bottom of
a page with thousands of words.
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5. Navigation
• Try to create a navigation structure that is common for all the
pages in your web.
6. Download speed
• A common mistake made by web designers is to develop a site
on a local machine with direct access to the data, or to develop
the site over a high speed internet connection.
• Sometimes developers are not aware of the fact that some of
their pages take a long time to download.
• Before you publish any content heavy pages, make sure they
are tested over a low speed modem connection.
7. Let your audience to speak
• Feedback from your users is very good thing.
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Steps to Develop Website
• Once you have decided to establish a web site there are 3
steps to develop website.
1. Obtain the appropriate equipment
Web Server – hardware and software
2. Register Web Server to an Internet Service Provider (ISP)
Obtain the IP address and DNS address
3. Develop the contents
Internet Programming
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Website Designing Tools
A. Client side scripting [HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Applet]
B. Server side scripting [ PHP, Asp.net, Ruby]
• Notepad, Notepad++
• Sublime
• Dreamweaver
• Fireworks
• Microsoft FrontPage
• Macromedia flash
• Microsoft office publisher
• WAMP or XAMP
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END OF CHAPTER
ONE Next: Chapter: Two
